VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems
ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of key-encapsulation mechanisms on one machine: aarch64; Cortex-A53 (410fd034); 2018 Broadcom BCM2837B0; 4 x 1400MHz; pi3bplus, supercop-20231107

[Page version: 20240726 23:45:44]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for key-encapsulation mechanisms:

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol C: means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security as a goal for this key-encapsulation mechanism. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each key-encapsulation mechanism and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new key-encapsulation mechanisms and new implementations of existing systems should read the call for submissions.

Implementation notes

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (ccycles,cbytes) (kcycles,cbytes) (pkbytes,cbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (ccycles,cbytes) (kcycles,cbytes) (pkbytes,cbytes)

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
115125118125122000
T:
lightsaber2
186500188875191625
T:
C:r5nd1kem0d
213625216000223750
T:
C:r5nd0kem2iot
218125220000222875
T:
saber2
237500239750242500
T:
C:r5nd1kem5d
241750244375250875
T:
C:r5nd1kem4longkey
272875274500277625kyber512
277750279625282000
T:
newhope512cca
344125347750349625
T:
firesaber2
347125349000350875threebears624r2cca
347000349250351625C:threebears624r2cpa
350875353875355125C:threebears624r2cpax
359750362875364375threebears624r2ccax
422625425000429750kyber90s512
464625466750474000
T:
C:r5nd3kem5d
470000472375475750kyber768
580375582375589750
T:
C:hila5
583500584125595875
T:
newhope1024cca
656750657875670250threebears936r2cca
664875666125678750C:threebears936r2cpa
670500671625684500C:threebears936r2cpax
673250674000687250threebears936r2ccax
721000723750735625kyber1024
758625761250773125kyber90s768
760500766500776000
T:
C:r5nd3kem0d
832250835875846375
T:
ntrulpr653
922000926500939375
T:
C:r5nd5kem5d
970875974375985750
T:
kindi256342
101262510253751029750
T:
kindi512222
102400010278751037750
T:
C:r5nd5kem0d
102775010356251044000
T:
kindi512241
106975010731251085750threebears1248r2cca
106950010756251085500
T:
ntrulpr761
108062510862501095375C:threebears1248r2cpa
108825010916251104625C:threebears1248r2cpax
108675010941251103625threebears1248r2ccax
120762512190001223125kyber90s1024
130050013120001315500
T:
ntrulpr857
155437515646251567875
T:
ntrulpr953
172187517302501734125
T:
ntrulpr1013
212075021317502150000
T:
kindi512321
254262525463752550500
T:
kindi256522
257275025750002579875
T:
ntrulpr1277
268337526858752690875
T:
lima2p1024cca
269350027026252795000
T:
hqc1281
345012534720003485000
T:
ntrukem443
527112552892505428375
T:
hqc1921
534750053547505369875
T:
limasp1018cca
543000054360005449500
T:
lima2p2048cca
561000056622505780250
T:
hqc1922
814037581583758189500
T:
C:lake1
846212586466258691875
T:
hqc2561
903187592007509390625
T:
hqc2562
931475093290009338000
T:
ntrukem743
949937595067509517250
T:
limasp1306cca
936750095580009591500
T:
hqc2563
989137599051259921625
T:
C:lake3
104555001047525010496750
T:
C:lake2
107558751076312510774250
T:
limasp1822cca
149493751495537514973125
T:
ntrulpr4591761
152433751526925015298000
T:
frodokem640shake
159023751592562515947250
T:
C:bikel1
165343751655825016590875
T:
locker1
185052501852637518603875
T:
limasp2062cca
226006252263325022666375
T:
locker4
231505002319975023221625
T:
frodokem640
238280002383812523857000
T:
frodokem640aes
240358752405325024075500
T:
sntrup653
241311252414537524170875sntrup653
266132502662512526647875
T:
sikep434
274252502745412527471625
T:
ntruhrss701
290722502928775029494625
T:
ramstakers216091
294487502947025029495000
T:
C:r5n11kem0d
305765003060000030626500
T:
C:ledakemcpa14
307833753079875030820375
T:
sntrup761
309090003092175030948125sntrup761
335037503351687533550000
T:
frodokem976shake
359741253598337536009750
T:
ntruhps2048509
360391253605662536080500ntruhps2048509
363100003632250036349000
T:
sikep503
383497503838737538410875
T:
C:ledakemcpa13
400895004010987540134500
T:
sntrup857
402132504023612540250625sntrup857
410847504110500041127375
T:
sntrup4591761
423907504246212546204375
T:
sikep434comp
447876254485200044923750
T:
locker7
493878754940550049426875
T:
sntrup953
495726254959687549625750sntrup953
520948755211250052143750
T:
C:bikel3
535152505354850053721750
T:
frodokem976
539991255402525054046750
T:
sntrup1013
541900005420650054237875sntrup1013
544497505448887554503875
T:
frodokem976aes
579253755803100062944625
T:
sikep503comp
607472506092800060971500
T:
frodokem1344shake
633921256341100063434000
T:
ntruhps2048677
634921256351137563535875ntruhps2048677
646016256472975064798500
T:
lotus128
669511256698012567026375
T:
C:ledakemcpa12
678768756789650067921125ntruhrss701
731572507319125073223375
T:
C:r5n13kem0d
738233757385837573895375
T:
sikep610
867153758674437586778500sntrup1277
865525008681262586876500
T:
sntrup1277
930893759310562593128375
T:
ntruhps4096821
932211259323312593262000ntruhps4096821
102369000102393375102424375
T:
frodokem1344aes
102665125102694500102732125
T:
C:ledakemcpa34
103099500103222250103428250
T:
mersenne756839
107042750107111875107164750
T:
ledakem1464
117711875117758375117790750
T:
C:ledakemcpa33
124028750124175875134036500
T:
sikep610comp
123593500124508500125918750
T:
ntskem1264
125496875125714000125948625
T:
lotus192
130466875130498500130535375
T:
sikep751
128388125131747750133783250
T:
ramstakers756839
134271625134338875134446625
T:
ledakem1364
134964000134994625135036750
T:
C:r5n15kem0d
153580250153651000160775000
T:
ledakem14sl
196101000196170875196254125
T:
C:ledakemcpa32
202299500202441375221756000
T:
sikep751comp
216073000216388500216677375
T:
lotus256
214275125218297375222698500
T:
ledakem13sl
232100625232140000232205625
T:
C:ledakemcpa54
246433500246483500246542375
T:
C:ledakemcpa53
269383875269479750269903875
T:
ledakem1264
294321250294503625306950625
T:
ledakem3464
369852375369998000371539250
T:
ledakem12sl
399287125399362250399421875
T:
ledakem3364
401162375401621750402807625
T:
ledakem34sl
421774000422328750422954000
T:
C:ledakemcpa52
420439500422559250435991875
T:
ntskem1380
507033750507267000507810250
T:
ledakem5464
514827750514960625515158375
T:
ledakem33sl
521883500522064000522625125mceliece348864pcf
522249125522358000523222875mceliece348864f
479692250?564622875?734709625?mceliece348864
481285125?566441500?735521500?mceliece348864pc
351632125?566683125?815595125?
T:
rsa2048
650646250650910000651653875
T:
ledakem3264
795032125795193625795387500
T:
ledakem5364
983617500983778625984384250
T:
ledakem54sl
108891100010891743751093827125
T:
ledakem32sl
119212387511923423751208277500
T:
ledakem53sl
121652937512228610001229606750
T:
ledakem5264
122694875012337918751258803000
T:
ntskem13136
123795937512416987501250134000
T:
oddmanhattan128
161638712516170655001620684375mceliece460896f
161611825016186996251620407375mceliece460896pcf
198668250019878713751990145000
T:
oddmanhattan192
1755740375?2211052250?3384614375?mceliece460896
229583237522964545002304444875
T:
ledakem52sl
1718272625?2472038500?3340432375?mceliece460896pc
297049987530012491253008204125mceliece6960119pcf
296022987530012968753007675875mceliece6960119f
322875800032710261253286284500mceliece6688128f
324159150032787496253288988750mceliece6688128pcf
348689937534885486253497485875
T:
oddmanhattan256
367657562537644825003769592250mceliece8192128f
370453825037665237503788320750mceliece8192128pcf
4183543625?5426915250?7825762750?mceliece6960119pc
4872593875?6180802750?9880918625?mceliece6688128
4867113375?6529170000?10711031625?mceliece6688128pc
4324084875?6556052375?8950690750?mceliece6960119
6855645375?8679668375?12343770500?mceliece8192128pc
5909865500?8750702375?11198688750?mceliece8192128
163423055001698727400017457045875
T:
pqrsa15
Cycles for encapsulation
25%50%75%system
545005637560375
T:
rsa2048
143500145625147750
T:
ntruhrss701
155625163125178625
T:
ntskem1264
162375164000166625
T:
lightsaber2
238000246125261000mceliece348864f
240500251500269125mceliece348864
268875271250274375
T:
C:r5nd1kem0d
280375282625285000
T:
saber2
305500308500317250
T:
C:r5nd0kem2iot
304625309750324875mceliece348864pc
305000320250335250mceliece348864pcf
347500350125353250
T:
C:r5nd1kem5d
354375357625367375
T:
C:r5nd1kem4longkey
388000389625392750kyber512
422750424750426750
T:
firesaber2
426000428625431375threebears624r2cca
427000429625431625threebears624r2ccax
435750437750441250
T:
newhope512cca
438250440000443375C:threebears624r2cpa
438500440375442125C:threebears624r2cpax
512250521000545625
T:
ntrukem443
500875533875570750mceliece460896
497750538250579125mceliece460896f
540500543125551500kyber90s512
546625573000623250mceliece460896pcf
559000586000629250mceliece460896pc
616125618625627375kyber768
620625623750634750
T:
C:ledakemcpa13
647250649500660750
T:
C:ledakemcpa14
657000659625670875
T:
C:r5nd3kem5d
663750673000682000
T:
C:ledakemcpa12
744875748250756375
T:
sntrup653
747500750500760625
T:
C:hila5
753500756875767750threebears936r2cca
755750758250769750threebears936r2ccax
774625777750790750C:threebears936r2cpax
774500777875788250C:threebears936r2cpa
841875845250854375sntrup653
899250902000913500kyber1024
905250907375919375
T:
newhope1024cca
861625907625993000mceliece6688128
855500909875973750mceliece6688128f
911125915500925000kyber90s768
968500971250983250
T:
sntrup761
98762510411251104000mceliece6688128pc
101550010436251109750mceliece8192128
101737510550001127750mceliece8192128f
100975010701251145750mceliece6688128pcf
105275010907501138250mceliece6960119
108887510933751100875sntrup761
105837511000001151375mceliece6960119f
113262511726251220875mceliece6960119pcf
114075011746251231000mceliece6960119pc
118962511971251202500
T:
sntrup857
118700012003751201750threebears1248r2cca
119062512003751205250threebears1248r2ccax
118087512152501256250mceliece8192128pcf
120162512172501234750
T:
ntrukem743
120975012205001224750C:threebears1248r2cpa
120012512230001282500mceliece8192128pc
121062512235001227625C:threebears1248r2cpax
126487512753751280375
T:
kindi256342
129362512985001307750
T:
C:r5nd5kem5d
127137513126251328375
T:
ntskem1380
128600013165001328375
T:
lotus128
132850013338751339125sntrup857
135887513696251375875
T:
C:r5nd3kem0d
139362514030001408000kyber90s1024
143025014410001444250
T:
sntrup953
146412514730001483625
T:
kindi512222
147800014882501492375
T:
kindi512241
152200015301251534625
T:
C:ledakemcpa33
152175015323751536750
T:
C:ledakemcpa34
159137515996251603000sntrup953
159525016010001604750
T:
sntrup1013
160412516138751617375
T:
ntrulpr653
160650016292501653750
T:
C:ledakemcpa32
167012516802501685250
T:
C:lake1
176450017722501776375sntrup1013
184225018452501848125
T:
ledakem1464
185937518636251868125
T:
C:bikel1
186737518786251883000
T:
C:r5nd5kem0d
189237519111251930000
T:
ntskem13136
204450020521252057000
T:
C:lake2
205000020676252084875
T:
lotus192
207387520762502078625
T:
ntrulpr761
216250021656252169125
T:
lima2p1024cca
217362521762502177500
T:
ledakem14sl
224162522437502245875
T:
ledakem1364
224300022473752253375
T:
C:lake3
227262522741252278000
T:
ntruhps2048509
233475023363752340125ntruhps2048509
241612524178752419750
T:
sntrup1277
252562525273752530750
T:
ntrulpr857
265350026562502659750sntrup1277
275250027582502772000
T:
locker1
276125027655002774250
T:
kindi512321
281325028156252823750
T:
ledakem13sl
291112529286252959250
T:
lotus256
302362530281253037625
T:
ntrulpr953
303875030431253053500
T:
kindi256522
335050033591253365125
T:
ntrulpr1013
331775033796253433500
T:
ledakem1264
344062534500003455250
T:
C:ledakemcpa53
344612534537503460750
T:
C:ledakemcpa54
342637534702503510875
T:
C:ledakemcpa52
361625036298753644000
T:
locker4
397162539768753982125
T:
ntruhps2048677
407150040782504083375ntruhps2048677
413562541512504266000
T:
hqc1281
421712542187504222625ntruhrss701
433900043451254351500
T:
lima2p2048cca
443900045125004561875
T:
ledakem12sl
453087545353754539625
T:
ledakem3464
460837546125004618250
T:
limasp1018cca
502087550247505031250
T:
ntrulpr1277
552750055316255540625
T:
C:bikel3
579912558050005811750
T:
ntruhps4096821
579850058067505814625
T:
ledakem3364
592762559385005946625ntruhps4096821
601187560183756026375
T:
ledakem34sl
660587566196256639500
T:
locker7
812225081293758140375
T:
ledakem33sl
839575084062508419875
T:
limasp1306cca
825850084793758676625
T:
ledakem3264
843500085097508631750
T:
hqc1921
911625091476259323625
T:
hqc1922
919850092077509222250
T:
limasp1822cca
101127501011762510127875
T:
ledakem5464
126972501271725012733875
T:
ledakem5364
127925001299287513187375
T:
ledakem32sl
134757501349487513513000
T:
ledakem54sl
141780001441737514521125
T:
hqc2561
147756251478225014799875
T:
sntrup4591761
150598751527887515413750
T:
hqc2562
156921251588650015943375
T:
hqc2563
167401251677325016920875
T:
limasp2062cca
172583751726687517287375
T:
ledakem53sl
193643751937362519398500
T:
frodokem640shake
226661252283612522966500
T:
ledakem5264
243236252435337524366000
T:
frodokem640
241956252460250025095500
T:
ledakem52sl
248396252486175024883000
T:
frodokem640aes
285383752856312528594625
T:
C:r5n11kem0d
295705002958825029608500
T:
ntrulpr4591761
428582504288862543035750
T:
frodokem976shake
434675004348787543502875
T:
sikep434
546643755530100055893250
T:
ramstakers216091
557232505575600055821875
T:
frodokem976
562725005634475056424375
T:
frodokem976aes
597638755980050059828000
T:
sikep503
668715006696950067287500
T:
sikep434comp
695632506966000070018125
T:
C:r5n13kem0d
710320007109287571173875
T:
pqrsa15
776805007784662578556500
T:
frodokem1344shake
906267509099462591496500
T:
sikep503comp
953706259546062595549750
T:
mersenne756839
105631625105662000105718000
T:
frodokem1344aes
135822500135843000135876125
T:
sikep610
158165125163152875166141000
T:
C:r5n15kem0d
167289375168360500169648625
T:
oddmanhattan128
183815875184545250184952250
T:
sikep610comp
211204750211231375211277875
T:
sikep751
240520250245540250251265625
T:
ramstakers756839
325170375326704500328355375
T:
sikep751comp
326777250328156625330520625
T:
oddmanhattan192
718903000721968875725207750
T:
oddmanhattan256
Cycles for decapsulation
25%50%75%system
675006775069500C:threebears624r2cpax
865008675089125C:threebears936r2cpax
105375107625108875C:threebears1248r2cpax
118375119875122125
T:
C:r5nd1kem0d
144625145125147000C:threebears624r2cpa
149125149625153500
T:
C:r5nd0kem2iot
163625165625168375
T:
C:r5nd1kem5d
165625167375170000
T:
C:r5nd1kem4longkey
183375185750188500
T:
lightsaber2
190875193250196250
T:
C:hila5
198375199000200625C:threebears936r2cpa
249875252750256500C:threebears1248r2cpa
281750284000286500
T:
C:r5nd3kem5d
307250309625311875
T:
saber2
345125348250352375
T:
ntruhrss701
459375461125464625
T:
firesaber2
506750507750510000kyber512
530750537000545000
T:
C:r5nd5kem5d
535750537000541375
T:
newhope512cca
567000569875579000threebears624r2ccax
661500662875673875kyber90s512
755500757375769750threebears624r2cca
751750758750766125
T:
C:r5nd3kem0d
770750773875783375kyber768
851375857375867125
T:
C:r5n11kem0d
858000863500870625
T:
ntrukem443
949875952375963125threebears936r2ccax
101025010148751025375
T:
C:r5nd5kem0d
106900010730001082250kyber90s768
109225010957501106250kyber1024
111887511272501132125
T:
newhope1024cca
118262511943751197625mceliece348864f
118300011962501199000mceliece348864
121350012262501229250threebears936r2cca
123212512432501247250mceliece348864pc
123025012438751247750mceliece348864pcf
135250013638751369250
T:
C:r5n13kem0d
138350013958751401125
T:
ntskem1264
142462514366251440000threebears1248r2ccax
152587515496251562625
T:
lotus128
158962516005001603125kyber90s1024
161900016245001629125
T:
kindi256342
178025017845001785625sntrup653
177575017850001785750
T:
sntrup653
178187517868751788500threebears1248r2cca
198912519943752050875
T:
kindi512222
200850020241252041625
T:
kindi512241
218150021832502186000
T:
ntrukem743
218200021835002184875
T:
sntrup761
218162521843752186000sntrup761
224337522451252246500
T:
ntrulpr653
255362525562502558250
T:
lima2p1024cca
255337525676252581125
T:
lotus192
280600028092502816625
T:
ntskem1380
288687528898752901250mceliece460896f
288737528943752902125mceliece460896
290075029022502910875sntrup857
290175029030002914000
T:
sntrup857
291100029127502923375
T:
ntrulpr761
293462529371252948500mceliece460896pc
293587529377502948500mceliece460896pcf
310850031136253122625mceliece6960119
310675031167503122250mceliece6960119f
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323025032383753247500mceliece8192128pc
327187532788753288375mceliece6688128pc
328050032865003295250mceliece6688128pcf
352337535333753536250sntrup953
352387535343753537250
T:
sntrup953
353350035467503564000
T:
kindi512321
356612535753753580875
T:
ntrulpr857
360812536192503626625
T:
kindi256522
371062537385003756625
T:
lotus256
393475039431253947375
T:
sntrup1013
393262539432503946375sntrup1013
430462543086254311250
T:
ntrulpr953
443325044455004469125
T:
C:r5n15kem0d
478337547863754792750
T:
ntrulpr1013
498337549946255010750
T:
C:lake1
511350051173755127625
T:
lima2p2048cca
535362553642505381875
T:
C:ledakemcpa12
578600057937505801750
T:
limasp1018cca
603687560435006048500sntrup1277
603675060461256049125
T:
sntrup1277
629262562981256345875
T:
ntskem13136
630925063171256322000
T:
C:ledakemcpa14
644037564687506490125
T:
hqc1281
5120375?6495500?6606625?
T:
C:ledakemcpa13
666125066650006668250ntruhps2048509
666337566656256671125
T:
ntruhps2048509
722412572262507232750
T:
ntrulpr1277
840675084495008506500
T:
C:lake2
107368751075300010768250
T:
limasp1306cca
108577501089637510935375
T:
C:lake3
108571251091812510958375
T:
locker1
116058751162350011659375
T:
limasp1822cca
117188751172362511730125ntruhps2048677
117211251172612511732625
T:
ntruhps2048677
120291251216750012236375
T:
hqc1921
125558751256850012585250
T:
rsa2048
125875001259300012600125ntruhrss701
127896251287425012902125
T:
locker4
131063751316312513222875
T:
hqc1922
168251251683875016902750
T:
C:ledakemcpa32
16364500?17177000?21090750?
T:
C:ledakemcpa34
171792501718412517207375ntruhps4096821
171776251718687517206625
T:
ntruhps4096821
176796251770112517783000
T:
ledakem1264
179263751796750018218125
T:
C:ledakemcpa33
180631251810475018229625
T:
ledakem1364
191918751921350019226500
T:
frodokem640shake
197598751997537520242750
T:
hqc2561
206056252061825020644250
T:
ledakem12sl
206956252078950020832750
T:
ledakem1464
211801252121662521864750
T:
hqc2562
211686252124300021293875
T:
locker7
215550002157087521596000
T:
limasp2062cca
217553752181200022113875
T:
hqc2563
236103752368025023838125
T:
ledakem13sl
243298752435250024369000
T:
frodokem640
247317502476475024899750
T:
frodokem640aes
248538752492125024941750
T:
ledakem14sl
344520003452725034758125
T:
C:bikel1
376165003765850037735625
T:
C:ledakemcpa52
426102504267425042778375
T:
frodokem976shake
441470004416712544185250
T:
sntrup4591761
441852504420837544227625
T:
ntrulpr4591761
456456254569512545741125
T:
C:ledakemcpa53
464512504647437546501500
T:
sikep434
476203754765612547862625
T:
ledakem3264
492948754936062549596000
T:
ledakem3364
494578754947612549496375
T:
sikep434comp
40787625?53299875?53433000?
T:
C:ledakemcpa54
551253755518050055220750
T:
ledakem3464
556860005572900056327250
T:
frodokem976
560930005646912556533250
T:
frodokem976aes
636167506366087563722375
T:
sikep503
636811256400925064381125
T:
ledakem32sl
676088756762200067642375
T:
sikep503comp
713210007153975071691750
T:
ledakem33sl
730017507308387573430875
T:
ledakem34sl
771465007724187577279500
T:
frodokem1344shake
102334125102516250102979000
T:
ledakem5264
105190875105277125105339375
T:
frodokem1344aes
110870500110939250111679500
T:
C:bikel3
110752375112304500113746125
T:
ramstakers216091
113898125114101875114325875
T:
ledakem5364
133595875133666875133770125
T:
ledakem5464
136689750136707750136740000
T:
sikep610
138267875138317625138459875
T:
ledakem52sl
142041500142192125142293625
T:
mersenne756839
144605375144630750144669875
T:
sikep610comp
153931500154298750154353750
T:
ledakem53sl
168313250168374500168643750
T:
ledakem54sl
188420875188813250189095375
T:
oddmanhattan128
227143500227186625227231250
T:
sikep751
241245000241268500241306125
T:
sikep751comp
370640625372042875374174625
T:
oddmanhattan192
465627500473730000487460500
T:
ramstakers756839
609027750609128125609276500
T:
pqrsa15
799710000801415500809076625
T:
oddmanhattan256