VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: armeabi; Cortex-A9+NEON (412fc09a); 2011 Freescale i.MX6 Quad; 4 x 1200MHz; unstable; novena, supercop-20220506

[Page version: 20240726 23:45:48]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Implementation notes

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
380033851540402picnicl1full
385143960240840picnic3l1
544525600458105picnicl3full
720497304675369picnicl1ur
740427503876366picnicl1fs
816058200784406picnic3l5
816778234385663picnicl5full
824068400686805
T:
picnic2l1fs
952929628897948picnic3l3
187594189919198884picnicl3ur
187596190914198219picnicl3fs
246589247691254510
T:
picnic2l3fs
254996259976273922picnicl5ur
254820260420272421picnicl5fs
441265512440524040ed25519
563116576729631850
T:
ecdonaldp256
621886642140691660
T:
donald512
163357116681011926564
T:
donald1024
311064631390473192120
T:
ecdonaldp160
327628132883893332548
T:
ecdonaldk163
2755853?3466684?3863930?
T:
ecdonaldb163
447736244846674501267
T:
ecdonaldp192
524436052599575282542
T:
donald2048
537384753987295460838
T:
ecdonaldk233
583473558469785894136
T:
ecdonaldb233
610730461172656159444
T:
mqdss48
652695565409186556191
T:
ecdonaldp224
9489119968202611349261
T:
ecdonaldk283
7679804?10105194?15169620?
T:
qtesla1
104037771042144111659840
T:
ecdonaldb283
139487831407462114473387
T:
mqdss64
188386221885511221234412
T:
ecdonaldk409
208927672272594125180377
T:
ecdonaldb409
19687779?24416130?29802345?
T:
qtesla3f
255334202942152830911245
T:
ecdonaldp384
316615563171236134737111
T:
sphincs256
322450273243527832928554
T:
luov4849242
26322366?35810343?60336070?
T:
qtesla3s
417413044177616650279178
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
431103004318154851935221
T:
ecdonaldk571
38511153?46987330?55911597?
T:
qtesla1p
473894074872007656602597
T:
luov863256
483792445819616658283774
T:
ecdonaldb571
595333215966132571742074
T:
ecdonaldp521
602564946031820960362212
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
579425236129823069714466
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
615013276159151674075622
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
60758687?68669529?76390832?
T:
falcon512tree
67177572?70722387?84321692?
T:
falcon512dyn
725619817281205187786772
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
740507427411311189283126
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
8360722483747672100726512
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
860838678618684486223100
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
823732059890585099188600
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
96552359106069486116206762
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
141151878141458772141728303
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
128772010154717673157960157
T:
luov6468330
162986760163058987185936481
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
170475215182202716208216638
T:
falcon1024dyn
168065330?194684027?217526898?
T:
falcon1024tree
194532758194914644227057266
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
192557380204272018232084171
T:
luov890351
189692490?217321209?285584473?
T:
qtesla3p
229311444229558802229788487
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
218594710240219027261746003
T:
luov8086399
182330388?283110961?422258417?
T:
ronald512
351757311353874642386691592
T:
luov8117404
355186174373114219373742082
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
486754775?739115251?967719097?
T:
ronald768
102327600610350653421266005954
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
105747530711207488841181132150
T:
sflashv2
97718303311497398641169331544
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
115420411112120479301313724389
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
131051117613245473661603386215
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
903512807?1372604726?1839338307?
T:
ronald1024
161997315117924901091952165778
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
1159270090?2572950858?3454699246?
T:
ronald1536
285441168130625098113479974106
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
274186580332068088103412097870
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
320237619034115302853423461076
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
374726703337808495063794504937
T:
redgemss128v2
3403905427?4884818549?6433018053?
T:
ronald2048
876614187893136022499392197249
T:
rainbow1a
8580623523?14224562911?25574165426?
T:
ronald3072
14342220912?14500085195?19366127365?
T:
gui184
160297712051862843280218772551561
T:
rainbow1b
261326954652641152519627929962521
T:
rainbow1c
273239422992803564794931025210479
T:
redgemss192v2
20915113761?30372822757?57791832658?
T:
ronald4096
547070143685522800341855439067915
T:
rainbow4a
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
308820314020372830
T:
sflashv2
528257533569636050ed25519
765653?887837?1058477?
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
8808659087561054481
T:
ecdonaldp256
757015?1054482?1068084?
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
115578411743771386919
T:
donald512
161212016412041927322
T:
ronald512
237598223998842840642
T:
donald1024
244107024739232912629
T:
falcon512tree
331626933412013987514
T:
ecdonaldp160
2052572?3439665?5844287?
T:
qtesla3f
348227935028784191157
T:
ecdonaldk163
3672208?3681505?4844014?
T:
ecdonaldb163
1631328?3835569?6237631?
T:
qtesla1
394314539474613952770
T:
rainbow1a
440354944323754451143
T:
falcon512dyn
472073747273904733698
T:
ecdonaldp192
4453716?5327055?6444102?
T:
ronald1024
531871753947926363702
T:
falcon1024tree
540394654492255475227
T:
ronald768
565804156899366194984
T:
ecdonaldk233
609069661072976124595
T:
ecdonaldb233
6658128?6678049?8402641?
T:
donald2048
689054269011658302305
T:
ecdonaldp224
746426674935007533343
T:
falcon1024dyn
763789176525009222326
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
7666780?7699982?9589917?
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
5280020?8625016?13251347?
T:
qtesla1p
735604588454958867453
T:
rainbow1b
8759956?10576100?10990395?
T:
ecdonaldb283
111664251118287911191629
T:
rainbow1c
120893611214452212205440
T:
ecdonaldk283
124390431246225912513048
T:
ronald1536
8505127?12563797?18626332?
T:
qtesla3s
161985701622944919509121
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
163446081636788716419699
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
205105962187103524611871
T:
ecdonaldk409
254988352553436225566029
T:
rainbow4a
224991112702710627067509
T:
ecdonaldb409
252933123019350630431573
T:
ronald2048
266697093086484232269940
T:
ecdonaldp384
25788459?31185732?33374088?
T:
luov863256
21059105?31425411?48516651?
T:
qtesla3p
361231394236173842954402picnicl1full
459979024626252647993746
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
468806464694420656565205
T:
ecdonaldk571
56699091?57233111?71564296?picnicl1ur
472546295750587159033290picnicl1fs
627533216284296875499170
T:
ecdonaldp521
524571896307535163173780
T:
ecdonaldb571
674847796785272081488337
T:
ronald3072
692982166940606784748404picnicl3full
8624998087798386104829007
T:
luov890351
126381848126811490127298647picnicl5full
109827732130443183133753679
T:
luov4849242
137317299137812560165051902picnic3l1
138763562141548912141883185
T:
ronald4096
141263474143730889145214432picnicl3fs
157488702157801001162026900
T:
luov8117404
151897019162391063166157516
T:
mqdss48
166829298167314056168268766picnicl3ur
304518303306255564309184402picnicl5ur
320295823321112288324126972picnicl5fs
343500663343838192363971755picnic3l3
560631801574742891642332828
T:
mqdss64
479888805583049568584294900
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
499956170?602365417?648321470?
T:
luov6468330
612491008640382629645971078picnic3l5
602553414658697414710630668
T:
sphincs256
90450074710378214041079636044
T:
luov8086399
141024237014365235901757565552
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
136810679215859598721639485044
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
144390041316806120301712369326
T:
picnic2l1fs
170744202517323101912109173213
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
187493228818864087891899737798
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
199725441020440693722395209801
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
213683423724130279102520081242
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
254835394125651799822593607338
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
2302876860?2811919242?3386169311?
T:
redgemss128v2
287773106033315374513434592035
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
365805767437322676433778605773
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
426532008442852198715099778176
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
442944319244941355045260231383
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
446238483750954037825192642348
T:
picnic2l3fs
625195542162717527536351095367
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
823396483082606170118396084160
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
4441378564?8849016254?16190169345?
T:
gui184
9645610071?10266249046?13540557814?
T:
redgemss192v2
23315332127?23402075334?35203301561?
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
22899769565?28013138672?29462371010?
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
115209116541138809
T:
ronald512
139119?141773?199215?
T:
ronald1024
164811166811168811
T:
ronald768
209173244703247621
T:
ronald1536
355268361908414032
T:
falcon512tree
347300?394114?465634?
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
403626407226484837
T:
sflashv2
358430426426430033
T:
ronald2048
512043522442526444
T:
falcon512dyn
644050645651652424
T:
ronald3072
739426744402880069
T:
falcon1024tree
753699757020762004
T:
falcon1024dyn
649776764453789256
T:
qtesla1
763327770301919679
T:
donald512
103325910545151243691
T:
ronald4096
143469414463061724132ed25519
1181757?1459245?1746538?
T:
qtesla3f
156250515844291863347
T:
qtesla3s
167872317198961763061
T:
redgemss128v2
186399418905562247792
T:
donald1024
1848734?1964267?2347781?
T:
ecdonaldp256
1909482?2012077?2766581?
T:
gui184
228067623208522751816
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
251508425303712546625
T:
rainbow1a
296830729912423562682
T:
ecdonaldp160
406369340922484109479
T:
ecdonaldp192
395177545307594743176
T:
qtesla1p
574901957875506909387
T:
ecdonaldp224
5848649?5906752?7369370?
T:
donald2048
505673760372736076873
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
5716849?6380853?7711811?
T:
redgemss192v2
661527066365437989882
T:
ecdonaldk163
7002429?7026658?9171183?
T:
ecdonaldb163
634369576302017665365
T:
rainbow1b
735735676341779066708
T:
sphincs256
908290291538289215049
T:
rainbow4a
991758099435909969191
T:
rainbow1c
109797801103054111053822
T:
ecdonaldk233
118058671185407711900810
T:
ecdonaldb233
148402391508329417842096
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
145632451755458017625399
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
16967315?17843203?21302791?
T:
ecdonaldb283
201691312045050020623470
T:
qtesla3p
17936376?21423340?22447392?
T:
luov863256
201097842266259424465535
T:
ecdonaldp384
234135962349720323594190
T:
ecdonaldk283
27033972?28150911?40935143?
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
272125073132694433277624
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
337910633434295935473032picnicl1full
392285803937135247171984
T:
ecdonaldk409
401180584074893048748420picnicl1fs
458852594620935455531191
T:
ecdonaldp521
475384924797028353034658picnicl1ur
434137925215969352249657
T:
ecdonaldb409
568554815701855469591658picnicl3full
611880836232493973223783
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
587111746789872370988173
T:
luov4849242
624536087509067875525112
T:
luov890351
763914137786165979314037
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
863816378658205586897810
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
69221703?86862015?86996154?
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
9007575190195281108900051
T:
ecdonaldk571
9092250293723458107975585
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
9597199996435692115282751picnic3l1
9565575098441117114908317
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
102643471103604478122221522
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
102141820104019766119984924
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
103260706108499608124207043
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
108409145108616994109226585
T:
luov8117404
117835701121512568125117921
T:
mqdss48
100971563121584740121706752
T:
ecdonaldb571
106713934?126962229?133461646?picnicl5full
127458826129212490130947652picnicl3fs
143121702144296165145772731
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
146179796146673517147784146picnicl3ur
127892032150410089154872860
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
148352737154173695156163097
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
157266817?197523474?197741075?
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
198223844198590607199083791
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
198862362202370529203850440
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
203309981205653413210417299
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
234526816234970819236374943picnic3l3
210983515?254515866?295021888?
T:
luov6468330
268105969269851226272342776picnicl5ur
290705246291171684293642629picnicl5fs
402056731413111206481822905
T:
mqdss64
402182859417717823438806143picnic3l5
369041983425381636440206848
T:
luov8086399
478885907545791604564669373
T:
picnic2l1fs
112550856012016872041218712736
T:
picnic2l3fs