VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: armeabi; Cortex-A9+NEON (411fc093); 2011 TI OMAP 4430; 2 x 1000MHz; h7panda, supercop-20250922

[Page version: 20260131 16:39:05]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
185185185843190737crossrsdpg128fast
185248185959188213crossrsdpg128small
185115186173190391crossrsdpg128balanced
369990373077392719crossrsdp128balanced
371149373881392721crossrsdp128small
371748375258396274crossrsdp128fast
373054379486406410
T:
ecdonaldp256
402012404716425965crossrsdpg192fast
400730406169426735crossrsdpg192small
404270408905431735crossrsdpg192balanced
476162482880502807ed25519
536378539983566800aimer128s
536882554345578540aimer128f
675184692925715588crossrsdpg256fast
675839700141711719crossrsdpg256balanced
674708700346711345crossrsdpg256small
893856913317925638crossrsdp192small
884674913704937739crossrsdp192fast
894551913732924378crossrsdp192balanced
128185713045911327728aimer192f
128338213093751325854aimer192s
148995815235881544599dilithium2
160570816229161637519crossrsdp256small
172386917359311760139crossrsdp256fast
172207417420231755700crossrsdp256balanced
271135227230582762230dilithium3
283150628474222874742
T:
ecdonaldk163
284090028499922872373
T:
ecdonaldp160
290900829317922949214dilithium2aes
298485629978843016869
T:
ecdonaldb163
305759930717823110732
T:
donald1024
316493831833483203187aimer256f
316258231848193225475aimer256s
2561776?3612640?5713938?haetae2
401292440360484062598
T:
ecdonaldp192
450818345233654564251dilithium5
499006850161565042769
T:
ecdonaldk233
519013352131665237231dilithium3aes
543187454492655499050
T:
ecdonaldb233
567460656958645752044
T:
mqdss48
606734861029146120257
T:
ecdonaldp224
3725942?7060837?9220726?haetae5
3585773?8081641?13189261?haetae3
894240489682239097877
T:
ecdonaldk283
899512390458399069306dilithium5aes
984468699051049995239
T:
ecdonaldb283
100507561007885810109480
T:
donald2048
106141261065987110764267
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
6039405?10892355?14106316?
T:
qtesla1
132420591327560213422458
T:
mqdss64
156108741563998415736575
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
184062161846300218599089
T:
ecdonaldk409
201800422022002120344741
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
205742702067976320837662
T:
ecdonaldp384
206606912071315020814756
T:
ecdonaldb409
18556172?27049822?35613026?
T:
qtesla3f
296236802976472529931829
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
309659683102875731156183
T:
sphincs256
26117501?34500638?51824606?
T:
qtesla3s
369052753706182737209214
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
35709444?40971738?50482373?
T:
qtesla1p
413210974141499441566512
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
422750194236063442597009
T:
ecdonaldk571
473892864753028947719455
T:
ecdonaldp521
477273424787450047984175
T:
ecdonaldb571
505365895070640050950639
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
532081585336130953507614
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
547839125489306954994393
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
52617697?57378836?73987164?
T:
falcon512tree
53641660?60264217?68215446?
T:
falcon512dyn
50770455?71570559?88665503?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
740104907426249774463413
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
794061537965593479802331
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
969364709718722997373037
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
100252733100617066101005800
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
106729621107041090107336915
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
107619592107915703108354762
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
108389218108758067109009082
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
84701162?113246957?164899641?
T:
ronald512
142286425142519215142814730
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
145196406145424537145741038
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
151254627161908443184561096
T:
falcon1024tree
151879087?169520214?199882271?
T:
falcon1024dyn
185317193185916326186225642
T:
pflash1
195476353195891369196179913
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
212254285212557085212963528
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
171841423?214914170?244238145?
T:
qtesla3p
342471167343066168344178310
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
281401361?447937635?526297513?
T:
ronald768
393212201?559860009?771362394?
T:
ronald1024
579568937580235329582282485mqsignlr2567246
763766884764389468765419700mqsignrr2567246
949164459950382676952619251
T:
sflashv2
110160333611038731571105305432
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
125705486112592737151261735771
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
140841501814104531211412594148
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
1062662527?1584155108?2150340203?
T:
ronald1536
196070331919635637791964890684mqsignlr25611272
266656042026690537932670136843mqsignrr25611272
298967046429921885462994717967
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
349361231234980792323501902774
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
380726824938094056393813679305
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
3833521054?4591379129?5950429265?
T:
ronald2048
496639095849706082314977374442mqsignlr25614896
658530015765875260926591398719mqsignrr25614896
9083982500?13875303038?20487463426?
T:
ronald3072
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
314680319407343581
T:
sflashv2
502465508694522275ed25519
749404772138778196
T:
ecdonaldp256
836399864948873107
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
836114866168914338
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
148422315071411531660
T:
ronald512
222374022560382280039
T:
falcon512tree
229666823063442322094
T:
donald1024
1027525?2520999?7530523?
T:
pflash1
1618115?2743573?5719738?
T:
qtesla1
311731631371313184510
T:
ecdonaldp160
310749331384423163619
T:
ecdonaldk163
324251832602973280975
T:
ecdonaldb163
345508234856243501026
T:
falcon512dyn
366613937050503768516
T:
ronald768
382396838488153872276mqsignlr2567246
3207054?4175138?7032132?dilithium2
423305142707154296920
T:
rwb0fuz1024
426901842852864314580
T:
ecdonaldp192
457513346106944657625
T:
falcon1024tree
3446449?5056755?6801694?
T:
qtesla3f
503235650593655112949
T:
ronald1024
3827942?5198564?9781252?dilithium3
536696254042085438678
T:
ecdonaldk233
3922994?5719663?7666833?dilithium2aes
578651858215995895764
T:
ecdonaldb233
588410559240535952670mqsignrr2567246
646156065023306585973
T:
ecdonaldp224
655226465790336611842
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
661622566472536723736
T:
donald2048
709435071476387190246
T:
falcon1024dyn
772964577592187907330mqsignlr25611272
6185144?7926034?12941894?dilithium5
867369487115028830161
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
5087022?9033148?20965679?
T:
qtesla3s
4433772?9152548?14050789?
T:
qtesla1p
953545695722749649913
T:
ecdonaldk283
104280171046310610498243
T:
ecdonaldb283
107496391078507610831167crossrsdpg128fast
119303031197524812097719
T:
ronald1536
125792241261810312733625mqsignrr25611272
9000182?13363218?15093791?dilithium3aes
136403321370747413821323
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
139811821402540014114268crossrsdp128fast
139729781403470514171974
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
12292314?14612697?21030933?dilithium5aes
164674231651700516576178mqsignlr25614896
199124671995327720072766
T:
ecdonaldk409
10845165?21003448?35798488?haetae2
218685822196392422091348
T:
ecdonaldp384
222251062229897322404762
T:
ecdonaldb409
234193942350062423583951crossrsdpg128balanced
242710632433591024462886
T:
ronald2048
248645352491961925038953crossrsdpg192fast
258670102601778026188068mqsignrr25614896
267868082693617427055888aimer128f
275186092757262027732396crossrsdp128balanced
343900813447136834656359crossrsdpg192balanced
27487752?35882224?53985309?
T:
qtesla3p
359936583607675636250919crossrsdp192fast
24115779?39347422?54307880?haetae3
458319904603953546241503
T:
ecdonaldk571
463882074655474446727983crossrsdpg256fast
465444934666713846838906crossrsdpg128small
21062968?49396251?77984704?haetae5
503132565050404150690372
T:
ecdonaldp521
511357055123392551440135
T:
ecdonaldb571
552966565543229655671856crossrsdp128small
609121376108541461219449crossrsdpg256balanced
640766936422680364351767crossrsdp192balanced
647440346496483765084923crossrsdp256fast
653395436546937265635516crossrsdpg192small
659421446618605666455713
T:
ronald3072
693301066953379869787458aimer192f
710171127120149671514395
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
961099719633907596565577crossrsdp192small
109004578109273212109449534crossrsdpg256small
110861501111042099111404449crossrsdp256balanced
136150762137090050138243314aimer256f
139864993140390444140795259
T:
mqdss48
186109285186277761186557924crossrsdp256small
211945781212499845213060516aimer128s
336412489336849042337829161
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
442451290443086931443663057
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
489769485490523614490999145
T:
mqdss64
539032418540627221544834771aimer192s
606160658606951036607560159
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
610047214610464601611054226
T:
sphincs256
742363689746743136747844985
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
822936968823700520824771231
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
9984862869998328291000668897
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
102858672110362405771048368568aimer256s
133279143413348112011337088499
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
157736447715783226801579855489
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
159458266615972668741601433290
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
196609547919733988011974191305
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
197447706819757434031977201398
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
201988517520212042612022895148
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
237804494923824922562385145415
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
249172746924937169402495668049
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
291518275529173610832921091348
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
380208674038045188153807944833
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
388377812038858411503888795690
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
447507640544775205604481172244
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
509825189551017602555105531107
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
589016830958932952165897809083
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
361313677037356
T:
rwb0fuz1024
109359110622112381
T:
ronald512
121622122912124915
T:
ronald768
152067153524158780
T:
ronald1024
231164233023240279
T:
ronald1536
280701292064304422
T:
falcon512tree
335129337843361114
T:
ronald2048
343019347095358321
T:
falcon512dyn
359900364076386025
T:
sflashv2
451835464034492951
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
571604581086596086
T:
falcon1024tree
614697631529644874
T:
ronald3072
686194694260711443
T:
falcon1024dyn
693859712643720693
T:
qtesla1
907688931256941469haetae2
915609955015977358
T:
pflash1
133486213571601372811ed25519
158617216076121634104
T:
qtesla3f
162587216367481652956dilithium2
166344016892141709552
T:
qtesla3s
171012517249911737818haetae3
184972618651131878986
T:
ecdonaldp256
186891518811261895890
T:
donald1024
219110222039442220488haetae5
267541927005832724492
T:
ecdonaldp160
272540327352892757838dilithium3
276892428016742825307dilithium2aes
279618628201802846868
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
359034036243463651087
T:
ecdonaldp192
395327339730764001567
T:
qtesla1p
463828346543294696070dilithium5
488578949106644937506dilithium3aes
526514252920765329447
T:
ecdonaldp224
541261354478395472948mqsignrr2567246
542941954632375505086mqsignlr2567246
566356257734195867753
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
584452658771055896963
T:
ecdonaldk163
588145559238065987008
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
589497059289065989547
T:
donald2048
611729761472086174981
T:
ecdonaldb163
649256565377116554167crossrsdpg128fast
723265573246907441902
T:
sphincs256
835738083990208427203crossrsdp128fast
866403487107628753315dilithium5aes
102816321032123110451554
T:
ecdonaldk233
111396241118118211254208
T:
ecdonaldb233
125295311256500612656629mqsignlr25611272
125406301256531212668577mqsignrr25611272
134415511369117113857210
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
141441081416517014232762crossrsdpg128balanced
154339421549500115613979crossrsdpg192fast
164062451648349916631266
T:
ecdonaldp384
169045751695104517132204crossrsdp128balanced
184664421850079318634761
T:
ecdonaldk283
192788541936412319479663
T:
qtesla3p
202312182027635420401205
T:
ecdonaldb283
212093862126519721394142crossrsdpg192balanced
212732492133860221501628crossrsdp192fast
222621732255194822838604
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
226727082274685022958328mqsignrr25614896
227032802281146422917197mqsignlr25614896
228022102316285623523631
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
250193122517599125289372aimer128f
267986272724519327716253
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
283341752842806728607795crossrsdpg128small
285536292873916228833502crossrsdpg256fast
346479853469282634879854crossrsdp128small
355334323562352935731283crossrsdpg256balanced
363981083651087536646538crossrsdp192balanced
368709023705277337188421
T:
ecdonaldp521
383421913841106338627990crossrsdp256fast
384329833853971538747173
T:
ecdonaldk409
386294533888063839124178
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
390661053930295439428977
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
410471714115687041293469crossrsdpg192small
428802304304364843182912
T:
ecdonaldb409
441539104464927645167016
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
542666965443158154614140crossrsdp192small
544740345535063656092735
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
622928926256561062787767crossrsdpg256small
622815446285080563585880
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
648439856507990365209526aimer192f
641962416548656666490164
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
664467926655200866952479crossrsdp256balanced
813389228308745884145433
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
852375528617009286974351
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
883989228867492688975456
T:
ecdonaldk571
914570089256933493279029
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
984904409872484899063113crossrsdp256small
991405319942949899604898
T:
ecdonaldb571
100056058101456272102738733
T:
mqdss48
102799169103584346104541384
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
104256100105383290106301289
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
127252760128210788132884425aimer256f
126187557128399598130070061
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
131444992132533263133491804
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
139927227141232407142292299
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
202015159203367266205947677
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
210080868210543098211006205aimer128s
237719785238373875240200118
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
237996466240925891242924030
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
353434366356310340360390543
T:
mqdss64
536202345537310005539132403aimer192s
533712820540393263541894965
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
537390968543050153544384447
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
103216595510489887671057868346aimer256s