VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Core 2 65nm (6fb); 2007 Intel Core 2 Duo T7300; 2 x 2000MHz; trident, supercop-20241022

[Page version: 20241107 11:35:00]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: old (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
702071417283picnic3l1
708271657261picnicl1full
100931014510204picnic3l3
101541028310753picnicl3full
132041325913579picnicl5full
154031543015587picnic3l5
174001745917562picnicl1fs
173821748217546picnicl1ur
182221832018448
T:
picnic2l1fs
314583154231657
T:
picnic2l3fs
324093253832717picnicl3ur
332573336533665picnicl3fs
444984461744866
T:
picnic2l5fs
443334485345263picnicl5ur
448864507045370picnicl5fs
986309876699288ed25519
147722147805148175aimer128f
164372164510165784aimer128s
227506229124232100
T:
ecdonaldp256
275224275736279928
T:
donald512
289581290015293028
T:
ecdonaldp224
330000330871332559
T:
ed448goldilocks
337480337570339495aimer192f
337526338245338716aimer192s
399026411583424814
T:
hector
419639419992420720T!!!dilithium2
447027450209451752nccsign1
552354554929556195
T:
pass769
625807628230632958nccsign3
670377672941675642
T:
pass863
684670691388699515nccsign1aes
750603752788755348
T:
donald1024
761455762516764192T!!!dilithium3
828043829407830889aimer256s
828969831895915937aimer256f
924179926377930964T!!!dilithium2aes
950415952390957028nccsign5
963667968674981598nccsign3aes
112723811325381138611
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
118008411812881182790T!!!dilithium5
138157613878871396150nccsign5aes
141226614141091417406
T:
ecdonaldp521
142358514265721428812
T:
mqdss48
148301314911891508458
T:
ecdonaldp160
167145516762201681015T!!!dilithium3aes
178472917987761851413
T:
ecdonaldp192
179321118172051846702
T:
donald2048
1225438?1893774?3240361?haetae2
225349822746672296121
T:
ecdonaldk163
231805823414592352952
T:
ecdonaldb163
1331217?2434924?5808775?haetae3
1608234?2445442?3863131?haetae5
281174528179642825823T!!!dilithium5aes
295294929695402974014
T:
ecdonaldk233
2341839?3080372?4558164?
T:
qtesla1
309931131118873123466
T:
ecdonaldb233
330569933095253312737
T:
mqdss64
367794637174823732654
T:
edons128ref
584487559027435924123
T:
ecdonaldk283
4151398?6073793?8015367?
T:
qtesla3f
632945563509746417924
T:
ecdonaldb283
712919871392327172400
T:
ecdonaldp384
7036284?9304205?13822570?
T:
qtesla3s
9612861?10881864?12154443?
T:
qtesla1p
108832581089487310902017
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
119519191195412711956330
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
123854441244334912519389
T:
ecdonaldk409
137605131382388013865879
T:
ecdonaldb409
152339161524277315281722
T:
sphincs256
161061221610806616109671
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
175488071755406717560560
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
206903152069156520702920
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
220063662201180822016102
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
237473262378988523821242
T:
luov4849242
246236212489185825050363
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
263070132635635926413573
T:
ecdonaldk571
272479092751327327554550
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
286796792882107528980901
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
290747562927672629841120
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
294660212957529229655854
T:
ecdonaldb571
25138334?29997326?48596469?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
304836883048528330486881
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
322293093233628832379737
T:
luov863256
325260503253802532544087
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
36192462?38449236?45448842?
T:
falcon512tree
36633128?40328980?46772702?
T:
falcon512dyn
422428624224881442358119
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
466385234667374446677181
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
45255907?52956810?64019730?
T:
qtesla3p
27980241?67044641?101927624?
T:
ronald512
775762577772926877864572
T:
luov6468330
796696547967165079675641
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
863774568645394486532810
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
108834058114871447127756199
T:
falcon1024tree
110809638116000162119632806
T:
falcon1024dyn
65111642?119223690?196793669?
T:
ronald768
120649075120781834121010994
T:
luov890351
120968376121336250121433202
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
145787993145894736146046281
T:
luov8086399
91422197?162679058?249893674?
T:
ronald1024
171054392171630303172023360
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
183539961184209322184771042
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
185944394186623127189102300
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
212931112213935482217631429
T:
rainbow6440
218495751218738275218954477
T:
luov8117404
274894697275012896275097618mqsignlr2567246
298541820298714215299305813
T:
bluegemss128v2
315922849315928509315937138
T:
sflashv2
329322614329407328330614150mqsignrr2567246
347986150348211477348307720
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
379708940379952243380995034
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
300927151?441297491?675054463?
T:
ronald1536
503305816504142097505433868
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
513757232517397135517750643
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
541311495542851783543282985
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
544624782546601193555512446
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
558999334559029518559054195
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
615741812615993746616608959
T:
redgemss128v2
662817785662890755666373874
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
675925444675941859675954600
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
700958648701330896701654460
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
745259113745406027747163506
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
975654412975678871975782345
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
558414848?1176707751?1629533061?
T:
ronald2048
127478920312748343321274851661
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
132305480113260985341334930292
T:
redgemss128
137881237113819253681381981434
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
166548424916662172151666924289mqsignlr25611272
178606792417862468501786581160
T:
rainbow1a
185985197518611785971861543335mqsignrr25611272
192117271019290107691937800494
T:
bluegemss128
198973127119902002331990494665
T:
bluegemss192v2
312664682931278257423130303347
T:
redgemss192v2
2184665147?3291023510?5930697945?
T:
ronald3072
457619316745930879374607991657
T:
gui184
496157190749627964284963606615mqsignlr25614896
534627813553852779615392083261
T:
redgemss192
539249346754012908535402464805mqsignrr25614896
647013628764721725656474904166
T:
rainbow1c
743246392074688023157483906946
T:
bluegemss192
790620105282176902498363259008
T:
pqrsa15
956700305396040118719606894744
T:
redgemss256v2
5691830369?9708007092?16787990618?
T:
ronald4096
143973444481439935782814408737157
T:
rainbow1b
150429041681507170486715092250288
T:
redgemss256
166148847041661991326916623138142
T:
rainbow4a
196960906151974178865419763041620
T:
bluegemss256
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
329303356233855
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
720227446986533
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
103604103863104521ed25519
147301148224149875
T:
rainbow6440
189877190333191111
T:
sflashv2
208984210352217513
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
235598236881238199
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
309860310651312358
T:
ecdonaldp256
343283344998345610
T:
ed448goldilocks
418794429025444642
T:
hector
429875430399433143
T:
ecdonaldp224
501252506311513014
T:
donald512
641814?675073?1308903?
T:
pass769
786340791587870487
T:
rainbow1a
805521819574833041
T:
ronald512
982823985650989806
T:
donald1024
104960210551331062144
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
105214610551801061038
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
104511010601421084325
T:
falcon512tree
800740?1166700?1715618?T!!!dilithium2
795911?1303337?2258198?
T:
qtesla1
1433383?1451255?2126224?nccsign1aes
151281015339281552275
T:
ronald768
780414?1549912?2318098?
T:
pass863
156282015696391582039
T:
ecdonaldp160
1148516?1643465?1766767?nccsign1
170243117130081734820
T:
rwb0fuz1024
174090417504661757655
T:
falcon512dyn
178530818016301818253
T:
donald2048
187249518791401894030
T:
ecdonaldp192
1152291?1970088?2998179?
T:
qtesla3f
199484319998162007053
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
204678320593022081970
T:
ronald1024
207657520978902109896
T:
falcon1024tree
215816421626002170617
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
1705034?2209492?3833392?T!!!dilithium3
226048322618672264086
T:
ecdonaldp521
1463775?2272350?3590842?nccsign3
230046923108942326531
T:
ecdonaldk163
237240323741582385756mqsignlr2567246
239246223974342427274
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
244510524567902472738
T:
ecdonaldb163
1675707?2490899?3384439?T!!!dilithium2aes
248479924921512568813
T:
rainbow1c
252121325259112649353
T:
rainbow4a
1880939?2794739?4325287?nccsign3aes
2010868?2846941?4347984?
T:
qtesla1p
307952630845113098496
T:
ecdonaldk233
1852798?3134972?4555214?T!!!dilithium5
322514932307303240490
T:
ecdonaldb233
2108615?3310193?5444548?T!!!dilithium3aes
357693435890373596458
T:
falcon1024dyn
2384362?3648839?5946146?nccsign5
365736936602473661604mqsignrr2567246
2991241?4196875?5393626?nccsign5aes
2264639?4357590?8120692?
T:
qtesla3s
507814050865585096373
T:
edons128ref
511470051172655121157
T:
rainbow1b
3563622?5188886?7259770?T!!!dilithium5aes
583996058690865902336
T:
ronald1536
612909362316806277125
T:
ecdonaldk283
4503206?6505713?10559715?haetae3
649966165077136511272aimer128f
652991065777396660818
T:
ecdonaldb283
4267959?6931927?9639368?haetae2
747340174861967509147
T:
ecdonaldp384
967953697083569751755
T:
ronald2048
105587721058062110599063mqsignlr25611272
111033901111809811123839
T:
luov863256
5503859?12869197?17818698?haetae5
128339551290935812991079
T:
ecdonaldk409
8795796?13485751?20578621?
T:
qtesla3p
141078831413746914241142
T:
ecdonaldb409
161962951620258816227387mqsignrr25611272
165235281652944616534428aimer192f
180454261809323418108279picnicl1full
192124741922550519292842
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
226203862263380522669774picnicl1fs
242966712430539324320363mqsignlr25614896
269113962697893427067309
T:
ronald3072
272348272727690627915365
T:
ecdonaldk571
304072353041649930431989picnicl1ur
304320033065464332124599
T:
ecdonaldb571
346490483468003934689791picnicl3full
349021593491360334932484aimer256f
374756093748849737509196mqsignrr25614896
376825893772288437777738
T:
luov890351
517644445201887852398969aimer128s
530170255305279453099483picnicl3fs
543407245435826954375572picnicl5full
546303665481550754858309
T:
luov4849242
580118375810664158168776
T:
ronald4096
48213754?60018489?69366385?
T:
redgemss128
666246086669993166953015
T:
luov8117404
708892467115450471190069
T:
mqdss48
753097347553123475591244picnicl3ur
909753619100368891019874picnicl5fs
910149759121688091913413picnic3l1
120156590120874514120896167picnicl5ur
122709263123521607124116538
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
128964850128994210129023921aimer192s
115544254?133104520?173286564?
T:
redgemss192
158404988158522981159513217
T:
luov6468330
148815138?193348284?226693254?
T:
redgemss256
207783312207956422208149485picnic3l3
224164784224447178226304776
T:
mqdss64
260765057260924858264759456
T:
pqrsa15
268538830268745549269130437aimer256s
287812806288015734288820514
T:
sphincs256
317647530318808413320657119
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
335481781336118043336221518picnic3l5
344162925344489988344748109
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
373015728379747120395175591
T:
luov8086399
428938028429207883429381881
T:
picnic2l1fs
439455287439751827439903467
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
442709486442992422444194173
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
406548164?486249209?571826138?
T:
redgemss128v2
512587309512892412513082944
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
622897463623252687623504276
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
766516498766884071767513203
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
814964627815331722815866403
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
942199898942956067943426168
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
968300713968683352970831334
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
123266570112331276161233475981
T:
picnic2l3fs
126963851312699550281270543137
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
1323482120?1518932547?1817318943?
T:
redgemss192v2
176426386217646771141765299937
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
226160476522625538272263603530
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
1103232909?2527120794?4777963315?
T:
gui184
264280207626447144822646204758
T:
picnic2l5fs
2405083886?2888532563?3844983367?
T:
bluegemss128
3198084487?3890077060?4544216839?
T:
redgemss256v2
2944235327?4116378859?4707770548?
T:
bluegemss128v2
518866226951891908275193811603
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
710950972271254333237131209287
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
6167740117?7401459483?8633193467?
T:
bluegemss192
808310119680833993398083764924
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
922453684192251974019259853745
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
7813642969?9383893461?10942600946?
T:
bluegemss256
109844863101098760936010994574648
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
113056049211130601647211366438406
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
9843665808?11812966415?15733291737?
T:
bluegemss192v2
120496154291205317459112059101007
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
145289840641452963920114531724958
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
158574923821585817023815864075743
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
189489056141894938667918954335354
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
199156687231991659092219921590915
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
121011231912664
T:
rwb0fuz1024
298113023630847
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
475634805248559
T:
ronald512
544705504255636
T:
ronald768
614426171962327
T:
rainbow6440
603136203269865
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
658316631566767
T:
ronald1024
713917279475360
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
965069686697490
T:
ronald1536
137673138214138949
T:
ronald2048
155144156894157586
T:
falcon512tree
200076202134203558
T:
falcon512dyn
205285205511205719
T:
sflashv2
236637237025237519
T:
qtesla1
254199254701255989
T:
ronald3072
313562314341315373haetae2
311889314893317080
T:
donald512
321385323849324714
T:
falcon1024tree
367120368686371073ed25519
380220389526397588
T:
redgemss128v2
400186405020411164
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
414208415805418571
T:
ronald4096
419207420701423256
T:
falcon1024dyn
425854434530447909
T:
gui184
479060479611480683T!!!dilithium2
490130491066491975
T:
qtesla3f
518293519960521475
T:
rainbow1a
506288520808533616
T:
bluegemss128v2
557049557681558676
T:
qtesla3s
562456563203564007haetae3
699248700439701239haetae5
704600708083711018
T:
ecdonaldp256
707672710421714987nccsign1
735619737972740364
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
768627771446774004
T:
ecdonaldp224
770758771615772466T!!!dilithium3
774114780938787192
T:
donald1024
836218839163841990
T:
pass769
891665896812899790nccsign3
902064904232907796T!!!dilithium2aes
915822920348927857nccsign1aes
100421210060841008888
T:
pass863
104350610483841055194
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
106700911089931139254
T:
redgemss192v2
112073411265871130360
T:
ed448goldilocks
119187012005071205813nccsign3aes
120513212071401209404
T:
qtesla1p
125886912599461262300T!!!dilithium5
139545114004661402712
T:
edons128ref
144855914630191476430
T:
ecdonaldp160
147237114739441476242nccsign5
156555815701461574638T!!!dilithium3aes
156264216049511635203
T:
bluegemss192v2
160928316322951646164
T:
hector
170171217157071723945
T:
ecdonaldp192
187579618780771881471
T:
rainbow4a
188776918937691899098nccsign5aes
210165621021542103588
T:
rainbow1c
210148421142862129448
T:
donald2048
217405622061172246561
T:
redgemss256v2
276230527670362770387T!!!dilithium5aes
362623936268133627500mqsignrr2567246
362614036268503628086mqsignlr2567246
362612336772863698808
T:
sphincs256
417920841815404184761
T:
ecdonaldp521
448655845152164540037
T:
ecdonaldk163
471930047572304788008
T:
ecdonaldb163
512939051321785133306mqsignrr25611272
513166451405735147381mqsignlr25611272
539996654013765403038
T:
rainbow1b
572428358368685907388
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
582975158459365852784
T:
qtesla3p
596415659695695978609
T:
ecdonaldk233
594346859807166012044
T:
ecdonaldp384
608667460930066101044aimer128f
625762862732346319737
T:
ecdonaldb233
731070774709237615236
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
840865485530868652196
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
918673092108719232441
T:
luov863256
950092895036939506610mqsignrr25614896
950923995362909541002mqsignlr25614896
108834961103156511227815
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
109783071119362111340978
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
112027721122466311406764
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
112584151142332311541221
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
111093591146361711676845
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
118809811200074212055391
T:
ecdonaldk283
129606561303388913085855
T:
ecdonaldb283
130662861310843313138709picnicl1full
136601701393265114224706
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
135878271395212314164015
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
154326991544595515457323aimer192f
153213501548217015702648
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
166492661693413517074969
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
170683751729564117423704
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
176255171767344117697051picnicl1fs
213737812165663521934316
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
222539232241634622688634
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
224493182271513822946181
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
231666622325031423277393picnicl1ur
250239542520392225284346
T:
ecdonaldk409
252559632532748025351209picnicl3full
265673532677978326979770
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
274766242775957328043800
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
278941942794266728049091
T:
ecdonaldb409
283994392873590929004978
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
287102312895319429189043
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
314988403207122932518943
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
326216763265382632668424aimer256f
329022123294608832987834
T:
luov890351
328195133296927633289191
T:
bluegemss128
335342803357306433640283
T:
pqrsa15
338504693397822234109430
T:
redgemss128
359014023596568336303871
T:
luov4849242
401340904018905740272785picnicl5full
422297254226368742313165picnicl3fs
434124684368567044058610
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
432076674389655844250050
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
509826695146329251720375
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
515632995170972751956095aimer128s
511389745172261152532723
T:
mqdss48
537140455386377854235168
T:
ecdonaldk571
537303985411237754875631
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
582481695834278758406220picnicl3ur
582429195856337558803286
T:
luov8117404
601244176068288763364375
T:
ecdonaldb571
681008476845008769180247
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
680638506862069269166549
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
732899377332887573383305picnicl5fs
768994937702297077504383picnic3l1
969909069706712697143892
T:
luov6468330
972948989776621197929035
T:
bluegemss192
977974459789082998033680picnicl5ur
99578794100097721100774754
T:
redgemss192
128263984128313242128373801aimer192s
154169566154681506155622325
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
154544167155114716156087329
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
164393851166171891167844055
T:
mqdss64
172997445173102028173420965picnic3l3
187336486187520600187772589
T:
bluegemss256
196261584196466950196775819
T:
redgemss256
211536578211623163211851716
T:
picnic2l1fs
216524026216675776217571725
T:
luov8086399
263435209263642237263812665picnic3l5
266523180266631469270753275aimer256s
480407566480991835481581095
T:
picnic2l3fs
856977633857967091861084088
T:
picnic2l5fs