| Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Zen (800f11); 2017 AMD Ryzen 7 1700; 8 x 3000MHz; rumba7, supercop-20250922
[Page version: 20251028 08:35:44] 
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key signature systems:
 
Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
Time to sign a short message (59 bytes).
Time to open a signed short message,
i.e., to verify a (larger) signed message and recover the original short message.
Space (bytes) for a secret key.
Space for a public key.
Space for a signature on a 0-byte message.
Space for a signature on a 23-byte message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus 23 bytes.
Space for a signature on a long message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus the message length.
 
For signature systems that support "message recovery",
the space for a signature on a long message
is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.
 
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
 
There is a
separate page
with more information about each signature system and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new signature systems
and new implementations of existing signature systems
should read the call for submissions.
 
 Test results Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
 NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
 Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256, ronald2048 
| 
| 
| Cycles to generate a key pair | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 3727 | 3754 | 4094 | picnicl1full |  | 3738 | 3782 | 3962 | picnic3l1 |  | 5231 | 5247 | 5388 | picnic3l3 |  | 5273 | 5306 | 5527 | picnicl3full |  | 6890 | 6940 | 7233 | picnic3l5 |  | 6881 | 7126 | 7367 | picnicl5full |  | 9074 | 9163 | 9337 | picnicl1ur |  | 9146 | 9188 | 9393 | picnicl1fs |  | 10623 | 10679 | 10799 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 16663 | 16706 | 16878 | picnicl3ur |  | 16916 | 17741 | 19116 | picnicl3fs |  | 19600 | 19696 | 19925 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 22731 | 22798 | 22999 | picnicl5ur |  | 22934 | 23168 | 23456 | picnicl5fs |  | 25627 | 25678 | 25926 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 29036 | 29088 | 29201 | T:lattisigns512 |  | 45683 | 45788 | 46170 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 48466 | 48522 | 48703 | ed25519 |  | 48894 | 49002 | 49304 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 48944 | 49012 | 49357 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 64145 | 64528 | 69918 | dilithium2aes |  | 76848 | 77044 | 77191 | aimer128s |  | 82477 | 83068 | 83213 | aimer128f |  | 90298 | 90430 | 90637 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 90266 | 90438 | 90814 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 90251 | 90534 | 91118 | crossrsdp128small |  | 100439 | 100858 | 101531 | dilithium3aes |  | 100833 | 100912 | 101334 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 100974 | 101143 | 101452 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 102354 | 102555 | 103146 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 107619 | 108739 | 113535 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 151353 | 151681 | 152135 | dilithium2 |  | 151395 | 151942 | 152369 | dilithium5aes |  | 162589 | 162995 | 163391 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 162885 | 163039 | 163227 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 162923 | 163168 | 163628 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 177073 | 178457 | 183201 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 193103 | 193285 | 194185 | aimer192s |  | 193100 | 193881 | 197732 | aimer192f |  | 200205 | 200936 | 201451 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 202693 | 202980 | 203428 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 202743 | 203040 | 203923 | crossrsdp192small |  | 202400 | 203406 | 206713 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 206620 | 208416 | 210054 | nccsign1aes |  | 206475 | 211361 | 225102 | T:hector |  | 258765 | 260703 | 262766 | nccsign1 |  | 264643 | 266446 | 268393 | nccsign3aes |  | 286825 | 287259 | 287776 | dilithium3 |  | 291119 | 293189 | 295949 | T:pass769 |  | 337814 | 339464 | 341814 | nccsign3 |  | 355823 | 357095 | 359461 | T:pass863 |  | 358948 | 360026 | 391949 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 363728 | 364947 | 365681 | crossrsdp256small |  | 363405 | 365524 | 376529 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 409300 | 410865 | 413843 | nccsign5aes |  | 444373 | 444967 | 445767 | dilithium5 |  | 511658 | 512462 | 514617 | aimer256f |  | 512121 | 514605 | 515347 | aimer256s |  | 522255 | 525393 | 529439 | nccsign5 |  | 574245 | 578232 | 584186 | T:donald1024 |  | 616700 | 616996 | 617587 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 692317 | 695225 | 702763 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 739592 | 739784 | 740002 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 777115 | 778446 | 785473 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 800982 | 802978 | 806104 | T:mqdss48 |  | 826373 | 828946 | 837036 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 828147 | 830820 | 839418 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 836279 | 843087 | 852397 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 851954 | 853304 | 857280 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 529825? | 919384? | 1954688? | haetae3 |  | 904346 | 920832 | 921379 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 1018900 | 1033175 | 1038991 | T:donald2048 |  | 1061932 | 1062635 | 1078567 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 411507? | 1071023? | 1703776? | haetae2 |  | 1078820 | 1082979 | 1089446 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 1131672 | 1136857 | 1140205 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 988668? | 1242188? | 1759978? | haetae5 |  | 1282893? | 1769578? | 2156453? | T:qtesla1 |  | 1817334 | 1819691 | 1823159 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 1866017 | 1867801 | 1871680 | T:mqdss64 |  | 1926155 | 1928666 | 1931073 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 2388970 | 2408178 | 2425363 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 2426311 | 2432821 | 2440796 | T:edons128ref |  | 2431982 | 2434233 | 2440679 | T:sphincsf128sha256simple |  | 2916664 | 2918391 | 2937386 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 3129846 | 3137861 | 3143172 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 3215579 | 3219658 | 3233392 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 3328810 | 3332803 | 3338741 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 3448069 | 3450038 | 3454546 | T:sphincsf192sha256simple |  | 2795812? | 4108472? | 6746433? | T:qtesla3f |  | 4181463 | 4183167 | 4184918 | T:sphincs256 |  | 4661650 | 4669559 | 4673081 | T:sphincsf128sha256robust |  | 6313722 | 6337991 | 6357401 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 6569197 | 6586933 | 6605161 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 5900507? | 6713952? | 8287485? | T:qtesla1p |  | 6737084 | 6751844 | 6775308 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 6822780 | 6830991 | 6840837 | T:sphincsf192sha256robust |  | 4224162? | 6865781? | 8252690? | T:qtesla3s |  | 7219275 | 7228303 | 7238402 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 7217101 | 7229619 | 7240911 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 8012086 | 8022854 | 8048767 | T:luov863256 |  | 8492892 | 8501558 | 8521762 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 8491154 | 8504390 | 8981224 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 9033700 | 9044151 | 9069517 | T:sphincsf256sha256simple |  | 9402975 | 9410070 | 9418198 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 10550719 | 10577140 | 10657969 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 10641496 | 10658555 | 10680949 | T:3icp |  | 12101026 | 12104466 | 12141619 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 12454176 | 12464091 | 12473020 | T:luov863256pc |  | 10495478? | 13821118? | 20767162? | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 16343909 | 17488163 | 18802134 | T:falcon512tree |  | 17691199 | 17705952 | 17731083 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 17008184 | 18012743 | 19181449 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 18595191 | 18789768 | 18829403 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 19302992 | 19341005 | 19362923 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 19502814 | 19690197 | 19782631 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 22447774 | 22455395 | 22458777 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 24546153 | 24550194 | 24763933 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 25189589 | 25242015 | 25311299 | T:luov4849242 |  | 15708753? | 25449333? | 33152385? | T:ronald512 |  | 28570373 | 28573905 | 28631253 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 31040359 | 31058258 | 31076513 | T:tts6440 |  | 33425309 | 33527058 | 33672000 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 33462660 | 33540761 | 33711613 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 33922353 | 34008697 | 34036153 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 36341066 | 36458935 | 36568016 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 36903491 | 36919431 | 36943298 | T:luov890351 |  | 29769618? | 37354330? | 47475430? | T:qtesla3p |  | 37558035 | 37568957 | 37668178 | T:sphincsf256sha256robust |  | 37768091 | 37815654 | 38319416 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 37859157 | 38020626 | 38246174 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 40822034 | 41176941 | 41203110 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 44233688 | 44440118 | 44658745 | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 45526885 | 45550157 | 45583188 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 47008339 | 47068941 | 47102858 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 34401566? | 48096343? | 67928638? | T:ronald768 |  | 50775698 | 50954817 | 53051301 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 51330199 | 52913288 | 60573469 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 52289432 | 54892328 | 60271522 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 56224763 | 56285999 | 56351080 | T:gemss128 |  | 57009613 | 57163761 | 57297961 | T:bluegemss128 |  | 57379683 | 57445016 | 57547805 | T:redgemss128 |  | 57856521 | 57893939 | 57963088 | T:luov890351pc |  | 58893474 | 58984736 | 59073973 | T:pflash1 |  | 62802913 | 62855764 | 62943197 | T:gemss128v2 |  | 63571531 | 63788892 | 70801000 | T:luov8117404 |  | 63940614 | 64018758 | 64212576 | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 52352333? | 69086016? | 109347056? | T:ronald1024 |  | 77476834 | 77613208 | 77721159 | T:luov6468330 |  | 77954818 | 78008136 | 78110818 | T:sphincss128sha256simple |  | 78507015 | 78532524 | 78560933 | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 83655543 | 84052198 | 84418382 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 85130222 | 85920447 | 86089225 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 98378547 | 98404794 | 98422715 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 103609714 | 103778218 | 104020194 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 103456931 | 103832504 | 104503226 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 110774076 | 110957190 | 111888599 | T:sphincss192sha256simple |  | 114531106 | 114861812 | 115408255 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 111331020 | 117040917 | 121185071 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 120608528 | 123714144 | 128010251 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 124492162 | 125086440 | 129194062 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 144132535 | 144468270 | 144693458 | T:sphincss256sha256simple |  | 148762463 | 148906350 | 148936400 | T:sphincss128sha256robust |  | 149526989 | 149752058 | 150019493 | T:luov8086399 |  | 176746911 | 176797942 | 176850085 | T:sflashv2 |  | 209403341 | 209443031 | 209489226 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 218581829 | 218785717 | 218926681 | T:sphincss192sha256robust |  | 259689959 | 259994704 | 260229931 | T:redgemss192 |  | 268974806 | 269289903 | 269698651 | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 269489126 | 269677716 | 270007109 | T:bluegemss192 |  | 271408149 | 271751691 | 272597874 | T:gemss192 |  | 274899462 | 275197493 | 276123469 | T:gemss192v2 |  | 299827257 | 300076407 | 300174492 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 323638116 | 328821388 | 330916147 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 213071527? | 337914273? | 524033350? | T:ronald1536 |  | 354528209 | 355559721 | 356544885 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 363544235 | 365314573 | 368183828 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 385560901 | 385731033 | 387740389 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 397539598 | 397692471 | 400483599 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 435860589 | 436009483 | 437731571 | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 601542762 | 601664529 | 601823057 | T:sphincss256sha256robust |  | 654283213 | 654438320 | 654714813 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 720275325 | 720712056 | 734348069 | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 745934784 | 746203426 | 747861979 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 826875649 | 829327493 | 831107344 | T:redgemss256 |  | 839830504 | 846202950 | 853070881 | T:gemss256 |  | 848655514 | 849232455 | 865507568 | T:bluegemss256 |  | 880492593 | 880759599 | 881116042 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 998276142 | 999225008 | 999587350 | T:gemss256v2 |  | 1000465000 | 1002434295 | 1003525966 | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 1891567081? | 2608423099? | 4229224556? | T:ronald3072 |  | 3547384661 | 3671784499 | 3746771330 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 5410244769? | 9239297084? | 13064065772? | T:ronald4096 |  | 14106437052 | 14115820446 | 14123622672 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 28061637160 | 28066862596 | 28072868645 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 
| Cycles to sign 59 bytes | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 15075 | 15221 | 15438 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 28430 | 28583 | 28792 | T:tts6440 |  | 28555 | 28810 | 29586 | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 51546 | 51571 | 51629 | ed25519 |  | 64641 | 65066 | 66941 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 91561 | 91846 | 92573 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 98343 | 98895 | 99991 | T:sflashv2 |  | 99631 | 101275 | 105342 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 107894 | 108751 | 109428 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 131758 | 132287 | 133174 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 146504 | 147534 | 150164 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 152455 | 152735 | 153322 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 169525 | 170645 | 173837 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 207421 | 207957 | 208497 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 219479 | 228127 | 238496 | T:hector |  | 167333? | 228462? | 361504? | dilithium2aes |  | 260922 | 261242 | 262297 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 321943 | 322366 | 323311 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 283356? | 341233? | 495512? | dilithium2 |  | 341318 | 343185 | 345585 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 310339? | 354106? | 594742? | dilithium5aes |  | 169554? | 360247? | 546921? | dilithium3aes |  | 376827 | 381322 | 386241 | T:ronald512 |  | 368724? | 404583? | 1031423? | T:pass769 |  | 403420 | 404655 | 408170 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 162674? | 410036? | 695026? | T:3icp |  | 250725? | 411207? | 809695? | T:lattisigns512 |  | 416516? | 418922? | 642914? | nccsign1aes |  | 398372? | 422116? | 1208108? | T:pass863 |  | 420726 | 422508 | 425539 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 436225 | 438128 | 440546 | T:donald1024 |  | 435078 | 448347 | 459345 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 469986 | 472159 | 478135 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 476725 | 480557 | 486299 | T:falcon512tree |  | 481249? | 486103? | 725223? | nccsign1 |  | 237734? | 496340? | 752173? | T:qtesla1 |  | 495310 | 496749 | 499672 | T:luov863256pc |  | 527961 | 531664 | 533653 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 434909? | 550952? | 894055? | dilithium3 |  | 652398 | 655128 | 657491 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 674681 | 680478 | 689104 | T:ronald768 |  | 303590? | 689583? | 1087640? | T:qtesla3f |  | 562721? | 708669? | 954189? | dilithium5 |  | 742751 | 744395 | 746981 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 755266 | 759853 | 762178 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 513420? | 792878? | 1223657? | nccsign3aes |  | 847167 | 856504 | 863878 | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 861995 | 867999 | 872559 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 879043 | 880217 | 881307 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 879381 | 881975 | 884648 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 902123 | 903920 | 913079 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 906324 | 907317 | 908649 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 904399 | 909404 | 918240 | T:ronald1024 |  | 606110? | 916543? | 1412422? | nccsign3 |  | 949347 | 964942 | 970271 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 992325 | 994099 | 998146 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 1007291 | 1009658 | 1017049 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 1009161 | 1023260 | 1032200 | T:donald2048 |  | 525873? | 1057903? | 1935836? | T:pflash1 |  | 531927? | 1087351? | 1934632? | T:qtesla3s |  | 1093653 | 1109774 | 1132076 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 1161208 | 1162801 | 1164427 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 1216300 | 1217306 | 1219214 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 1252246 | 1253949 | 1256701 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 830690? | 1257714? | 1607832? | nccsign5aes |  | 1277841 | 1287822 | 1296408 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 1373478 | 1374526 | 1376674 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 979909? | 1380340? | 1875710? | nccsign5 |  | 1435475 | 1442009 | 1467318 | T:luov890351pc |  | 1004634? | 1621558? | 2106152? | T:qtesla1p |  | 1752960 | 1759076 | 1767493 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 1926768 | 1928086 | 1930429 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 2035236 | 2036873 | 2038201 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 2156128 | 2168038 | 2184919 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 1195751? | 2254075? | 4363597? | haetae2 |  | 2266554 | 2268206 | 2270401 | aimer128f |  | 2322147 | 2324285 | 2326095 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 2574526 | 2587147 | 2601395 | T:ronald1536 |  | 2785642 | 2787783 | 2789450 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 1559026? | 2902794? | 4935273? | haetae3 |  | 2908785 | 2916364 | 2932279 | T:edons128ref |  | 3005957 | 3008093 | 3012488 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 3367405 | 3374833 | 3381311 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 3375835 | 3381588 | 3386721 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 1086049? | 3514225? | 5951509? | haetae5 |  | 3570248 | 3573421 | 3578620 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 3989094 | 3991844 | 3994832 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 3510085? | 4180949? | 5321306? | T:redgemss128 |  | 4191869 | 4193545 | 4195854 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 3918391? | 4569549? | 5185858? | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 3912276? | 4898379? | 7953686? | T:qtesla3p |  | 5277323 | 5279785 | 5282047 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 5282286 | 5301535 | 5336697 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 5488849 | 5492771 | 5495760 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 5565764 | 5569401 | 5570918 | picnicl1full |  | 5712007 | 5713080 | 5722511 | aimer192f |  | 6069256 | 6073701 | 6078647 | T:mqdss48 |  | 6616072 | 6617895 | 6624593 | T:luov863256 |  | 6702266 | 6705887 | 6711138 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 6809182 | 6819021 | 6825318 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 7223321 | 7238494 | 7252624 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 7260222 | 7264126 | 7268447 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 7528048 | 7532090 | 7534753 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 8204290 | 8261336 | 8302246 | picnicl1fs |  | 8370213 | 8376992 | 8386185 | crossrsdp128small |  | 8910297 | 8915316 | 8921643 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 9572209 | 9577881 | 9582960 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 10654025 | 10672759 | 10730463 | picnicl1ur |  | 10882057 | 10884976 | 10910036 | picnicl3full |  | 11238001 | 11241327 | 11247804 | aimer256f |  | 11248049 | 11271141 | 11296890 | T:ronald3072 |  | 11923171 | 11930515 | 11935138 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 10721668? | 12080748? | 13904301? | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 10017781? | 12302185? | 15728887? | T:redgemss192 |  | 13332185 | 13344334 | 13416121 | crossrsdp192small |  | 13310537 | 13385096 | 13395220 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 15531575 | 15547839 | 15567118 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 15642103 | 15653068 | 15659318 | T:mqdss64 |  | 15662670 | 15671361 | 15702840 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 16111065 | 16140893 | 16163102 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 17136194 | 17141422 | 17146854 | aimer128s |  | 17950284 | 17955313 | 17960458 | picnicl5full |  | 18152878? | 19722343? | 24754209? | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 20408578 | 20440312 | 22039853 | picnicl3fs |  | 18059401? | 21615126? | 26697130? | T:redgemss256 |  | 22077579 | 22102487 | 22114294 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 22286115 | 22295165 | 22311130 | T:luov890351 |  | 24017113 | 24035961 | 24090663 | T:ronald4096 |  | 25130727 | 25154968 | 25210543 | crossrsdp256small |  | 25904205 | 25913330 | 25922817 | picnic3l1 |  | 26307450 | 26367480 | 26402615 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 26867287 | 26899585 | 27038340 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 27153495 | 27190263 | 27200273 | picnicl3ur |  | 32454153 | 32504574 | 33065009 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 35242320 | 35289407 | 35401420 | picnicl5fs |  | 38609848 | 38615984 | 38627161 | T:luov8117404 |  | 43131356 | 43139684 | 43151561 | aimer192s |  | 45819485 | 46020880 | 46082103 | picnicl5ur |  | 46591311 | 46612518 | 46635270 | T:luov4849242 |  | 56763956 | 56815773 | 57040137 | picnic3l3 |  | 59654618 | 59713111 | 59764716 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 76001962 | 76154714 | 76210028 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 77058311 | 77106729 | 77180339 | T:sphincs256 |  | 77827851 | 77892724 | 77975668 | T:sphincsf128sha256simple |  | 81093363 | 81113601 | 81793811 | aimer256s |  | 93800638 | 93863765 | 94218167 | picnic3l5 |  | 97202794 | 99018181 | 101762304 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 103382723 | 103488263 | 103580502 | T:sphincsf192sha256simple |  | 128798729 | 128883548 | 129001762 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 116599355? | 139577003? | 208816563? | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 116863327? | 140424154? | 164621230? | T:bluegemss128 |  | 142120343 | 142168140 | 142219915 | T:luov6468330 |  | 148513214 | 148727013 | 148954585 | T:sphincsf128sha256robust |  | 199839829 | 200114160 | 200387357 | T:sphincsf192sha256robust |  | 210877268 | 211050555 | 211198735 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 213759697 | 214235297 | 214417137 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 221533271 | 221793545 | 222174627 | T:sphincsf256sha256simple |  | 239457149 | 241846147 | 247497202 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 261185672 | 261415408 | 261517656 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 280202489 | 280700612 | 281465054 | T:luov8086399 |  | 368359336 | 368904229 | 369386420 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 371505785 | 371926919 | 372284743 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 333705666? | 399676602? | 466809513? | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 442434578 | 442634069 | 442966331 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 379803874? | 455746094? | 607797555? | T:bluegemss192 |  | 480334116 | 480613712 | 481273247 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 553499237 | 553730794 | 554087594 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 571309509 | 572450456 | 582881035 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 615406893 | 616172108 | 616554043 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 652959723 | 653606707 | 654211904 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 550305721 | 658561356 | 662616734 | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 643993475? | 771461153? | 1027758202? | T:bluegemss256 |  | 823259000 | 824192530 | 839832472 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 849760710 | 850585921 | 851214774 | T:sphincsf256sha256robust |  | 734973531? | 882083007? | 1028929758? | T:gemss128v2 |  | 757724501? | 910507416? | 1211801856? | T:gemss128 |  | 1056376844 | 1057689155 | 1064651656 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 1073075784 | 1073893818 | 1074406678 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 1264797609 | 1267481550 | 1269117653 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 1368027942 | 1368802617 | 1369306391 | T:sphincss128sha256simple |  | 1850583295 | 1852049340 | 1853070977 | T:sphincss256sha256simple |  | 2181481459? | 2195921441? | 3057678986? | T:gemss192v2 |  | 2613346805 | 2614660986 | 2615918606 | T:sphincss128sha256robust |  | 2731222122 | 2732746989 | 2738298437 | T:sphincss192sha256simple |  | 3346312578 | 3347459801 | 3348451527 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 2611671096? | 3655215640? | 4177416791? | T:gemss192 |  | 3869172130? | 4641082975? | 5407035195? | T:gemss256v2 |  | 4859422436 | 4862757850 | 4877604917 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 5028617873 | 5030846520 | 5033672737 | T:sphincss192sha256robust |  | 4542888070? | 5452177448? | 7260076610? | T:gemss256 |  | 5779478373 | 5780680198 | 5797827445 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 6806900359 | 6812593602 | 6815089959 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 7057294461 | 7058070653 | 7063347734 | T:sphincss256sha256robust |  | 8715490092 | 8717264601 | 8721618988 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 13575116271 | 13577012126 | 13578091404 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 
| Cycles to verify 59 bytes | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 7685 | 7854 | 8102 | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 11299 | 11351 | 11673 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 19376 | 19438 | 19584 | T:3icp |  | 20385 | 20607 | 20844 | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 24536 | 24898 | 25049 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 24569 | 24943 | 25226 | T:ronald512 |  | 27683 | 27962 | 28722 | T:ronald768 |  | 29187 | 30160 | 30817 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 30283 | 30400 | 30531 | T:tts6440 |  | 31150 | 31475 | 31963 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 31493 | 31917 | 32443 | T:ronald1024 |  | 42997 | 43431 | 44181 | T:ronald1536 |  | 47534 | 47885 | 48218 | T:lattisigns512 |  | 61128 | 62702 | 64859 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 82539 | 82811 | 92530 | dilithium2aes |  | 84859 | 85059 | 85262 | T:sflashv2 |  | 85174 | 86306 | 86880 | T:falcon512tree |  | 88897 | 89677 | 90645 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 88884 | 89801 | 90406 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 92205 | 93692 | 95064 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 93386 | 94084 | 95730 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 101860 | 102896 | 103369 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 102704 | 103390 | 104220 | T:ronald3072 |  | 107948 | 108391 | 109402 | T:qtesla1 |  | 118684 | 118888 | 119221 | dilithium3aes |  | 129430 | 131054 | 132784 | T:luov863256pc |  | 157817 | 158230 | 158627 | haetae2 |  | 161918 | 162355 | 162927 | dilithium2 |  | 162538 | 163430 | 164313 | T:ronald4096 |  | 173147 | 174463 | 175137 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 175081 | 175610 | 183112 | dilithium5aes |  | 181934 | 182793 | 183613 | ed25519 |  | 190079 | 191515 | 193541 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 207186 | 208011 | 209106 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 210490 | 218018 | 228207 | T:pflash1 |  | 223051 | 223693 | 224431 | T:qtesla3f |  | 225065? | 226716? | 289807? | T:qtesla3s |  | 254127 | 254679 | 255424 | haetae3 |  | 263538 | 266666 | 271990 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 275890 | 277069 | 277714 | nccsign1aes |  | 279160 | 279588 | 280097 | dilithium3 |  | 274929 | 281971 | 288994 | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 298988 | 299428 | 299998 | haetae5 |  | 322125 | 323573 | 326452 | nccsign1 |  | 322720 | 324679 | 328202 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 324027 | 325857 | 326807 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 325018 | 326712 | 332312 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 325880 | 327816 | 328756 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 326021 | 331727 | 337679 | T:redgemss128 |  | 333774 | 334348 | 335089 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 331696 | 337430 | 341749 | T:bluegemss128 |  | 331399 | 339065 | 344135 | T:gemss128 |  | 334562 | 339957 | 347341 | T:gemss128v2 |  | 346171 | 347492 | 348606 | nccsign3aes |  | 346500 | 349189 | 353434 | T:donald1024 |  | 345621 | 354110 | 358602 | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 351293 | 354387 | 358989 | T:luov890351pc |  | 358263 | 363002 | 367708 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 407808 | 409558 | 411455 | nccsign3 |  | 414668 | 424423 | 434923 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 443912 | 446042 | 485444 | T:pass769 |  | 451470 | 451868 | 452318 | dilithium5 |  | 469318 | 472399 | 481395 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 478928 | 480786 | 482669 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 485946 | 490004 | 495438 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 500098 | 501053 | 502542 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 543524 | 545415 | 547542 | T:pass863 |  | 544383 | 546012 | 547948 | T:qtesla1p |  | 550221 | 551753 | 552972 | nccsign5aes |  | 606809 | 616142 | 624427 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 604386 | 617170 | 632712 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 636561 | 637800 | 640576 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 649054 | 651507 | 654033 | nccsign5 |  | 670634 | 673606 | 678190 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 671142 | 677631 | 682590 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 672233 | 677913 | 681773 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 671704 | 679562 | 692461 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 688293 | 696850 | 715938 | T:bluegemss192 |  | 691328 | 697082 | 705052 | T:edons128ref |  | 692614 | 704599 | 721237 | T:gemss192 |  | 702537 | 715584 | 725302 | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 718354 | 732948 | 742363 | T:redgemss192 |  | 732618 | 743835 | 758213 | T:gemss192v2 |  | 739143 | 751536 | 761323 | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 756369 | 761930 | 766344 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 853297 | 853813 | 854615 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 851148 | 862296 | 876913 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 874003 | 879487 | 884011 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 936187 | 944000 | 949450 | T:hector |  | 968323 | 982715 | 995486 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 975422 | 986932 | 997434 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 1195536 | 1209775 | 1220191 | T:donald2048 |  | 1198229 | 1216966 | 1264939 | T:gemss256v2 |  | 1222529 | 1235526 | 1265077 | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 1250876 | 1271793 | 1287665 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 1255836 | 1282399 | 1292247 | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 1379237 | 1397111 | 1412538 | T:redgemss256 |  | 1396360 | 1422817 | 1466639 | T:gemss256 |  | 1409939 | 1426837 | 1445087 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 1445895 | 1446698 | 1448166 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 1432099 | 1457052 | 1473812 | T:bluegemss256 |  | 1515503 | 1528961 | 1548424 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 1609200 | 1627755 | 1643460 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 1674864 | 1677305 | 1699941 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 1729193 | 1730411 | 1731312 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 1889091 | 1890182 | 1891085 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 1948848 | 1950389 | 1952237 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 1948333 | 1959766 | 1975491 | T:sphincs256 |  | 2218005 | 2220008 | 2221911 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 2229345 | 2230433 | 2232386 | aimer128f |  | 2326323 | 2328399 | 2330363 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 2330661 | 2332932 | 2337276 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 2388892 | 2410409 | 2440887 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 2418328 | 2431629 | 2460657 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 2455606 | 2503910 | 2553840 | T:sphincss128sha256simple |  | 2594776 | 2608241 | 2934525 | T:qtesla3p |  | 2696438 | 2699139 | 2701325 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 2813705 | 2826635 | 2837059 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 2959417 | 2961469 | 2964540 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 3332066 | 3335998 | 3369815 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 3360377 | 3361953 | 3364048 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 3726352 | 3728248 | 3730655 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 3748528 | 3797963 | 3845705 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 3812509 | 3814441 | 3819253 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 3897066 | 3910571 | 3937513 | T:mqdss48 |  | 3942938 | 3944535 | 3946738 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 3948513 | 4008751 | 4057014 | T:sphincss192sha256simple |  | 4267469 | 4313168 | 4328472 | picnicl1full |  | 4338865 | 4340913 | 4344613 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 4963998 | 5056125 | 5187809 | T:sphincss128sha256robust |  | 5207235 | 5265000 | 5321271 | T:sphincss256sha256simple |  | 5383734 | 5389564 | 5404834 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 5628044 | 5631094 | 5644931 | aimer192f |  | 5663992 | 5668746 | 5671405 | T:luov863256 |  | 5669155 | 5763695 | 5878210 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 5867038 | 5868072 | 5871651 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 6030820 | 6122214 | 6218016 | T:sphincsf128sha256simple |  | 6168068 | 6175114 | 6180375 | crossrsdp128small |  | 6255456 | 6258076 | 6261658 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 6491773 | 6500152 | 6511787 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 6668689 | 6703733 | 6723701 | picnicl1fs |  | 6897265 | 6904251 | 6981245 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 7196384 | 7323679 | 7464725 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 7269390 | 7362849 | 7465421 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 7740633 | 7861560 | 7990478 | T:sphincss192sha256robust |  | 7941688 | 7946892 | 7952516 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 8569541 | 8576267 | 8604735 | picnicl3full |  | 8573692 | 8632108 | 8661474 | picnicl1ur |  | 9155914 | 9275207 | 9452474 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 9604589 | 9608866 | 9612980 | crossrsdp192small |  | 9838623 | 9928719 | 10042640 | T:sphincsf192sha256simple |  | 10278897 | 10390356 | 10553737 | T:sphincsf256sha256simple |  | 10573595 | 10637854 | 10702116 | T:mqdss64 |  | 10729655 | 10735909 | 10740104 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 10836275 | 11069298 | 11180007 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 11148313 | 11161960 | 11164014 | aimer256f |  | 11832809 | 12041629 | 12222719 | T:sphincsf128sha256robust |  | 13146156 | 13152137 | 13169180 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 13209266 | 13255012 | 13281937 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 13247295 | 13680900 | 13766978 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 13979117 | 13996740 | 14011908 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 13756215 | 14173888 | 14437766 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 14139523 | 14186240 | 14205528 | picnicl5full |  | 14800423 | 14889168 | 15028372 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 14772122 | 14994192 | 15093849 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 14960382 | 15113261 | 15308128 | T:sphincss256sha256robust |  | 17072181 | 17076131 | 17080135 | aimer128s |  | 17708655 | 17715521 | 17722521 | crossrsdp256small |  | 17778936 | 17843670 | 19009626 | picnicl3fs |  | 17669369 | 17920167 | 18178619 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 19774652 | 19807300 | 19830441 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 19949052 | 19962348 | 19968562 | T:luov890351 |  | 19867795 | 20046303 | 20202118 | T:sphincsf192sha256robust |  | 21443390 | 21456245 | 21470699 | picnic3l1 |  | 22660244 | 22708891 | 24283503 | picnicl3ur |  | 28290992 | 28443378 | 28699751 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 28549829 | 28924628 | 29253643 | T:sphincsf256sha256robust |  | 28606517 | 29151230 | 34226935 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 31690519 | 31740917 | 31871403 | picnicl5fs |  | 34239657 | 34248258 | 34257543 | T:luov8117404 |  | 34352886 | 34380738 | 34412752 | T:luov4849242 |  | 38270816 | 38425001 | 38549876 | picnicl5ur |  | 42888347 | 42895770 | 42900807 | aimer192s |  | 46866758 | 46903441 | 46954572 | picnic3l3 |  | 73425767 | 73530682 | 73691033 | picnic3l5 |  | 80797353 | 80855926 | 81390677 | aimer256s |  | 81293254 | 81575025 | 82837436 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 79224865 | 81675805 | 84197878 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 90214681 | 90228714 | 90249017 | T:luov6468330 |  | 107180638 | 107234875 | 107300925 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 168701878 | 168957820 | 169063509 | T:luov8086399 |  | 179452550 | 180818499 | 188001311 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 181782080 | 185665784 | 186139043 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 246607856 | 246688465 | 246766948 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 434034431 | 434082082 | 434217849 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 
 |  |