VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Tremont (906c0); 2021 Intel Celeron N5105; 4 x 2000MHz; jasper3, supercop-20240625

[Page version: 20240726 23:45:48]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Implementation notes

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
471547444922picnic3l1
493550885288picnicl1full
661266686736picnicl3full
672670227395picnic3l3
916494289884picnic3l5
920296379998picnicl5full
129031300413182picnicl1fs
134081352913701
T:
picnic2l1fs
135171364813863picnicl1ur
246222486024987
T:
picnic2l3fs
251542543825596picnicl3fs
262732651426964picnicl3ur
297733028530483picnicl5fs
325733271533029
T:
picnic2l5fs
353933601736514picnicl5ur
771227755378959ed25519
138960139960143275
T:
ecdonaldp256
165954167098170183
T:
donald512
282479283392286738
T:
ecdonaldp224
303469303747304190
T:
ed448goldilocks
353315354478355889
T:
pass769
355228355651355896T!!!dilithium2
428285430020431504
T:
pass863
465989467702470113
T:
donald1024
643899645078652083
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
664042665218666625T!!!dilithium3
682095687278691375
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
764692765120765865
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
766731768311771192T!!!dilithium2aes
800622805901814236
T:
ecdonaldp160
916454920093928255
T:
ecdonaldk163
936476937252954576
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
950713956165979642
T:
ecdonaldb163
959395962926968930
T:
ecdonaldp521
975191980802989247
T:
ecdonaldp192
109067410919661093866T!!!dilithium5
120896812172391219144
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
122426312260111228081
T:
mqdss48
125489812681981277974
T:
ecdonaldk233
128531212918741295996
T:
ecdonaldb233
141359914284751440317T!!!dilithium3aes
160315416046371610690
T:
donald2048
207009020779112086240
T:
edons128ref
209483021015402109084
T:
ecdonaldk283
219692122028222208865
T:
ecdonaldb283
1607445?2208339?3658375?
T:
qtesla1
235633823646162371949T!!!dilithium5aes
1282028?2473122?3958061?haetae2
1649300?2608553?5027122?haetae3
283326828364202840516
T:
mqdss64
1762901?3095386?6659147?haetae5
345545934666133476717
T:
ecdonaldk409
369072936994383717491
T:
ecdonaldb409
371769937359053753345
T:
ecdonaldp384
4180946?6144413?8116039?
T:
qtesla3f
765870376751837708022
T:
ecdonaldk571
815810181736898190214
T:
ecdonaldb571
6723667?8916956?13244383?
T:
qtesla3s
980015298044629807926
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
7521010?9809821?10995154?
T:
qtesla1p
117963111182305112043602
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
119265411195905311984664
T:
sphincs256
124027771247220812490054
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
125922251272825712747301
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
132469591329217213697189
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
145344401453586314537810
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
188052611881485318842535
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
202639722026681720268399
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
16414228?20599161?33471180?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
17264856?23997056?35968662?
T:
ronald512
243575112438667524393551
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
258498152750756030797215
T:
falcon512tree
279021712790412027924806
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
25999094?29866612?34459966?
T:
falcon512dyn
300411483006426430301750
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
347512253480872034851588
T:
luov4849242
382571163826471038279602
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
385434103854880438565472
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
436771294369039443713406
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
476692634775742047859734
T:
luov863256
31393709?49577825?80080675?
T:
ronald768
48530443?59764802?67403698?
T:
qtesla3p
651741226527082875503015
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
673671936745762767542584
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
717078807174853271782914
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
733762537466752575255144
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
761625007622706777398317
T:
gemss128
769501107706865977263617
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
783280257837923678538588
T:
bluegemss128
808364488088266580994302
T:
redgemss128
809280558098683181167719
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
778115278140237589551989
T:
falcon1024dyn
46725412?82391217?127615508?
T:
ronald1024
78769151?88121770?98505887?
T:
falcon1024tree
103768916104000837104239576
T:
luov6468330
118571147118674488119057194
T:
gemss128v2
122234580122358846122608421
T:
bluegemss128v2
127505944127606120127730000
T:
redgemss128v2
146210211146268112146782845mqsignlr2567246
165113376165410639171389470
T:
luov890351
192936757193399775194147755
T:
luov8086399
199059397199227470199370765mqsignrr2567246
208575384208726339208895130
T:
sflashv2
234315221235081165235887981
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
251768493252112961254644484
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
257533808258173479259377657
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
144304143?291253887?482145224?
T:
ronald1536
293557369294072299301932305
T:
luov8117404
313852446313903156314500351
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
367958851368593851368867942
T:
redgemss192
368404195369229222383930556
T:
bluegemss192v2
375249152375630818376165335
T:
redgemss192v2
383127110384339285385884709
T:
gemss192
387653987388786405401867670
T:
bluegemss192
239108513?433015437?904782024?
T:
ronald2048
463460596463572638463741885
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
574849198575201927575913519mqsignlr25611272
601924318602053746602257547
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
608634404608831381609049869
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
617645749617862600618032966
T:
gemss192v2
701128043702354234704530540
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
774420730774698061775393111mqsignrr25611272
862776572879390325892994873
T:
gui184
889810657889967161890468156
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
114726968911473689731150405119
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
120459165612053619801232434277
T:
gravitysphincss
121316852412155585181216046166
T:
gemss256
122550904112289223281237273670
T:
redgemss256v2
121842039412347701561326165808
T:
bluegemss256
126155942812626649901265884666
T:
redgemss256
129476140712964570161297022885
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
149146423614919565381495241829mqsignlr25614896
160915040116094228461610003338
T:
rainbow1a
195711685019587935101959655516mqsignrr25614896
1475198388?2108466088?3401429598?
T:
ronald3072
219693801822092743812222957168
T:
gemss256v2
224162886622440794902318720644
T:
bluegemss256v2
480449508848240241494843464317
T:
gui312
547529939554771090655481383872
T:
rainbow1b
571349872957139517585714471476
T:
rainbow1c
2884192501?5744141141?9216054174?
T:
ronald4096
563253496957537731985981715528
T:
pqrsa15
139728217811397444302913975968849
T:
rainbow4a
154993944511550492742815542481429
T:
rainbow3b
188372970811883763509318849277578
T:
gravitysphincsl
229915175662308909158423185445883
T:
gui448
385366137153855457575038566586443
T:
gravitysphincsm
594344499625944434308259472474531
T:
rainbow3c
598661165925992410271259981037175
T:
rainbow6a
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
187361908220349
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
484734937653952
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
820758212183855ed25519
101644102101103295
T:
sflashv2
128167128889133332
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
154108164451177047
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
192310192836194097
T:
ecdonaldp256
283666287276288859
T:
donald512
314121314621315687
T:
ed448goldilocks
355598356354356969
T:
ecdonaldp224
444295449756454398
T:
ronald512
583276588576591681
T:
donald1024
683398685039689187
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
729477731204734793
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
730566744724771400
T:
falcon512tree
779060780541783573
T:
rainbow1a
819663825133834431
T:
ronald768
422363?848300?1303357?
T:
pass769
845360851097862949
T:
ecdonaldp160
924206925616928105mqsignlr2567246
958240965240968716
T:
ecdonaldk163
526062?969799?2085917?
T:
qtesla1
990713994365998701
T:
ecdonaldb163
101365510188051026004
T:
ecdonaldp192
514735?1024552?1545242?
T:
pass863
644550?1126880?1614459?T!!!dilithium2
120026412106711214494
T:
ronald1024
122847812371901241034
T:
falcon512dyn
127511312839141297311
T:
rwb0fuz1024
131709513237511334374
T:
ecdonaldk233
135800913661791369990
T:
ecdonaldb233
142237814283581432926
T:
ecdonaldp521
147244014803261491656
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
975926?1489518?3057895?
T:
qtesla3f
147974414972641504575
T:
falcon1024tree
156322115670681573671mqsignrr2567246
164098516445081650160
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
166902916725681678517
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
172032717231251727145
T:
donald2048
1336964?1742508?2345667?T!!!dilithium2aes
211167121122602117013
T:
rainbow1c
220711522236192233009
T:
ecdonaldk283
1705323?2284042?3893244?T!!!dilithium3
231414523186992327732
T:
ecdonaldb283
240524124175742424116
T:
rainbow4a
250347725073262508994
T:
rainbow1b
251917425258182536736
T:
falcon1024dyn
259052925966262602980mqsignlr25611272
1702317?2638998?4183255?
T:
qtesla1p
2168925?2729264?3373488?T!!!dilithium5
2123081?2926358?4386755?T!!!dilithium3aes
294093029433102951926
T:
rainbow3b
2048513?2965816?6727336?
T:
qtesla3s
335023933641593373207
T:
ronald1536
361231236228333633982
T:
edons128ref
369516937092943723879
T:
ecdonaldk409
387974238931513919520
T:
ecdonaldp384
387681739391473971187
T:
ecdonaldb409
404843340558314063868mqsignrr25611272
3426754?4132365?5509130?T!!!dilithium5aes
2419283?4609116?6801993?haetae2
4281569?4931552?5777229?
T:
redgemss128
526096452781855382714
T:
rainbow6a
549693255114195531534mqsignlr25614896
594611759749795986288
T:
ronald2048
3734878?7045404?13688729?haetae3
5686460?7103592?8225625?
T:
redgemss128v2
756839675768727595210
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
788056078889317899264
T:
rainbow3c
810450681323238245405
T:
ecdonaldk571
841833584352468453228mqsignrr25614896
4579036?8649079?14780760?haetae5
866479686978778747347
T:
ecdonaldb571
7198927?10357195?17754617?
T:
qtesla3p
105203151054325810561521
T:
gravitysphincss
120260201210627012189351picnicl1full
10108716?12403200?14350360?
T:
redgemss192
145539411461001214731521picnicl1fs
13957413?16293128?17853962?
T:
redgemss192v2
165237581659648416663332
T:
ronald3072
16499796?17754373?23526895?
T:
redgemss256
185882961861489518658110
T:
gravitysphincsm
10940825?19130515?35983947?
T:
gui184
212421422136893422856708picnicl1ur
217703262181917622090581
T:
gravitysphincsl
222962962235694622409182picnicl3full
229853842300796123041366
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
261835062619129726196664
T:
luov863256
275573702757588127617768
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
24754527?27825797?31760768?
T:
redgemss256v2
284945322851950228548724
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
346286923465433934934329
T:
mqdss48
352729233536508435422183
T:
ronald4096
354257613545972835598831picnicl3fs
364499103653084636637264picnicl5full
368454583690391537015431
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
464260534753697547651579
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
538520435418934460246789picnicl3ur
542697975478920255020144picnic3l1
588297825903778959202595picnicl5fs
589007365983744059991262
T:
luov4849242
891348688930920189356670picnicl5ur
908597879088120790921847
T:
luov890351
103034045103142133103170367
T:
mqdss64
129824729129872939130039972
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
136002375136172219136352314picnic3l3
157451463157517625157524470
T:
luov8117404
140795857?168004967?196976431?
T:
bluegemss128
142018157?170193694?198368937?
T:
bluegemss128v2
176751720177058688177322142
T:
luov6468330
192370096192996627193630913picnic3l5
224521615224624358224744877
T:
sphincs256
233102077233211402233369907
T:
pqrsa15
309833207310133194310256423
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
350584070352772593362122086
T:
luov8086399
339389397370616713375461549
T:
picnic2l1fs
381834515382072538382737483
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
397008234397238190397598995
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
475682691476079353476303572
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
402246194?482980348?642750197?
T:
bluegemss192v2
382307987?533810314?611850926?
T:
bluegemss192
566043909566416173566948533
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
427655554?681467766?1111661221?
T:
gui312
744496770744958444745426685
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
626497561?750353460?889055436?
T:
bluegemss256
647921090?775228427?1022515330?
T:
bluegemss256v2
858053272859052502860937401
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
875625529875868810876193600
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
94469693410172008231044345131
T:
picnic2l3fs
875004241?1050070148?1241003812?
T:
gemss128v2
882895454?1060166456?1260533473?
T:
gemss128
119296720811933760631196248527
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
119253542011969831891197506258
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
158809224315885279781604844946
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
212496970821254809722126007027
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
226348739722677902832281185473
T:
picnic2l5fs
2587895739?2734918064?3826863931?
T:
gemss192v2
2638326243?3185872293?3718159563?
T:
gemss192
467748281946777633554689695845
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
4599083937?5511507040?6431699417?
T:
gemss256
4607831882?5529814931?6468950586?
T:
gemss256v2
4540759670?6792054988?12464500451?
T:
gui448
726704207272678719967316072478
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
836780624383683866398370624887
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
980292620198618523749864469562
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
106236365031065479189010672532558
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
130641142161306550406313066160386
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
171665410031716842673917169521555
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
187018185021870455854318730370790
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
107151097811177
T:
rwb0fuz1024
163551687617712
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
274802785628260
T:
ronald512
314593179231958
T:
ronald768
375333819538499
T:
ronald1024
414794236744639
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
535435384754206
T:
ronald1536
574055850259986
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
748917570076130
T:
ronald2048
749157649679986
T:
gravitysphincss
108592109717110394
T:
falcon512tree
133613134778135733
T:
ronald3072
134196135862136306
T:
falcon512dyn
136693137759138830
T:
sflashv2
188717189883191871
T:
donald512
214475215549217361
T:
ronald4096
220308220924221461
T:
qtesla1
220093222194223154
T:
falcon1024tree
239693245606251458
T:
gui184
260047260540260952haetae2
275620276722277522
T:
falcon1024dyn
281855282865285320ed25519
321462326649327989
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
322878327389330665
T:
gravitysphincsm
334316345412351642
T:
gemss128
347308357311365820
T:
bluegemss128
358196366688375901
T:
gemss128v2
365091376802386193
T:
bluegemss128v2
401380401935402442T!!!dilithium2
396763403408413905
T:
redgemss128
415783428758439962
T:
redgemss128v2
428630429475430018
T:
qtesla3f
439658443812448615
T:
gravitysphincsl
460456467842479134
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
469534470232470757haetae3
472980477351481289
T:
donald1024
488631492114497124
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
491253492155493531
T:
ecdonaldp256
502169504215510138
T:
rainbow1a
522428524195525119
T:
qtesla3s
543596544425547222
T:
pass769
589437590341591287haetae5
647486650849655097
T:
pass863
653693654338655138T!!!dilithium3
688306696654706915
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
733879742375763969
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
753305755849757980T!!!dilithium2aes
766540768404771077
T:
qtesla1p
760573779679790261
T:
gemss192
764376787273816905
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
788326803444839930
T:
bluegemss192
818827819503820360
T:
ecdonaldp224
802873820305840575
T:
bluegemss192v2
821579825955834757
T:
ecdonaldp160
827570848832871557
T:
redgemss192
838953864429891351
T:
redgemss192v2
876916886329904649
T:
gemss192v2
961850970255976469
T:
ecdonaldp192
979166981180984180
T:
edons128ref
106171710662231070358
T:
ed448goldilocks
107628010957311114940
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
115193311531131154378T!!!dilithium5
116677811849521242618
T:
gui312
117411611883611208419
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
118638711886991190260
T:
rainbow1b
129483812989491302091T!!!dilithium3aes
146917614746101483655mqsignrr2567246
153023615314881538192mqsignlr2567246
154832815607551581560
T:
donald2048
170031017248231746488
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
174119717624491781588
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
174100417841601821366
T:
gemss256
175686218014841852970
T:
bluegemss256
179390518448951896513
T:
gemss256v2
184247518540001859116
T:
ecdonaldk163
182708018655691913491
T:
bluegemss256v2
183047618748571919184
T:
redgemss256
189503918979771910857
T:
rainbow1c
189264819185951928346
T:
rainbow4a
191518219221991951712
T:
ecdonaldb163
190034919322171958646
T:
redgemss256v2
227804322861922294322T!!!dilithium5aes
253354225426502553963
T:
ecdonaldk233
261739926294772664418
T:
ecdonaldb233
264880026691982678423
T:
rainbow3b
277879227901512798986
T:
ecdonaldp521
281382428485772875664
T:
sphincs256
292211929561572969118
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
316986331809063199305
T:
ecdonaldp384
368905936998123718782
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
369270837405923884518
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
384174638491573860031
T:
qtesla3p
376367438583273948641
T:
gui448
390784839181943929646mqsignlr25611272
391976339379373951675mqsignrr25611272
428372342922244301432
T:
ecdonaldk283
449501245040114518441
T:
ecdonaldb283
462730646491054681265
T:
rainbow6a
508000352127685313915
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
699923070192547047572
T:
rainbow3c
716288071702397177373
T:
ecdonaldk409
754403176159877714129
T:
ecdonaldb409
759896077155827847621
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
786467378879487908569mqsignrr25614896
788627378924247909799mqsignlr25614896
883260990231569162948picnicl1full
99681151006583310154234
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
101505841034986910606904
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
114012521144149011609721picnicl1fs
123380651262660812838383
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
144538671461197514833482
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
150621931519971815390998
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
157723431580364015838988
T:
ecdonaldk571
168507621690269917002988
T:
ecdonaldb571
168675631703225917112591picnicl3full
176939371792932918680465picnicl1ur
191713341929658419492932
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
200776342023474320529346
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
202474732051818320665559
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
223131772237987422575917
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
222293772345458823510563
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
246549682465570524656018
T:
luov863256
245163992478268225106897
T:
mqdss48
247098552509116325443245
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
266921072693126427204857
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
269132702741387627706370
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
277715602799841228117508picnicl5full
294678732950675629580220picnicl3fs
392595343966425840019441
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
394962974013063840423776
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
446886024482662544870059
T:
luov4849242
458488144609244151670239picnicl3ur
464140724689994847025235picnic3l1
487085994890379049169819picnicl5fs
499095464997206350070929
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
501358615060917151073365
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
516325275189572552604555
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
521481215226745452445364
T:
pqrsa15
739222667499751975921215
T:
mqdss64
758168247622724576460204picnicl5ur
865106268651800486519884
T:
luov890351
116410841116685257116959461picnic3l3
121579115121635729121677489
T:
luov6468330
150639862150645599150697447
T:
luov8117404
156100085156456379156966530picnic3l5
225763491225811305225860630
T:
luov8086399
197403905234493472238964126
T:
picnic2l1fs
457018539517473064526161742
T:
picnic2l3fs
108061788110837865111087342211
T:
picnic2l5fs