VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; K10 32nm (300f10); 2011 AMD A8-3850; 4 x 2900MHz; hydra5, supercop-20250307

[Page version: 20250403 20:09:11]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: old (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
678968286969picnicl1full
756476417702picnic3l1
984698909972picnicl3full
106561070710756picnic3l3
132311335513490picnicl5full
137841386913942
T:
picnic2l1fs
141271420314336picnic3l5
144281446014554picnicl1ur
144521447014526picnicl1fs
277152784928038
T:
picnic2l3fs
283252839228507picnicl3fs
283642839928443picnicl3ur
375723768838329picnicl5ur
375793985139954picnicl5fs
409314131743443
T:
picnic2l5fs
682276832468600crossrsdpg128small
682516835968429crossrsdpg128balanced
682256839268610crossrsdpg128fast
705597067370958ed25519
139870139993140184crossrsdpg192small
139943140057140323crossrsdpg192fast
139989140086140362crossrsdpg192balanced
151097151149151461crossrsdp128small
151070151244151467crossrsdp128balanced
151141151336151466crossrsdp128fast
151290151354151567aimer128s
152498153098156583aimer128f
159889160422162656
T:
ecdonaldp256
243141243284245365
T:
ecdonaldp224
246075246207247353crossrsdpg256small
245959246245247135crossrsdpg256balanced
246157246396247863crossrsdpg256fast
308950309825311547
T:
ed448goldilocks
314465314624314858crossrsdp192fast
314691314866315064crossrsdp192balanced
314745315236316754crossrsdp192small
322982326277347291
T:
hector
362571362677363338aimer192f
361813364015365305aimer192s
436859438853457734nccsign1
449024449784457094T!!!dilithium2
532248534378537899
T:
pass769
539643539873540959crossrsdp256small
539698539948540651crossrsdp256fast
539604540834584199crossrsdp256balanced
564671569588572536nccsign3
645226647490649454
T:
pass863
671097676548683499nccsign1aes
812370817144825698T!!!dilithium3
823613824940826631aimer256f
825323827001828785aimer256s
910515915412922680
T:
donald1024
912586917092927909nccsign3aes
924768929329931558nccsign5
974465980302986723
T:
ecdonaldp160
100568510099901016202T!!!dilithium2aes
112366511249211126758
T:
ecdonaldp521
120101412058061210199
T:
ecdonaldp192
120425112083471213249
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
126979912885391308381T!!!dilithium5
131978313291001344330nccsign5aes
139682814108661425167
T:
donald2048
149358614953381498546
T:
mqdss48
857685?1619177?3802192?haetae2
166196316696701679718T!!!dilithium3aes
185316718595751870014
T:
ecdonaldk163
193640519388591943172
T:
ecdonaldb163
253307225506222563951
T:
ecdonaldk233
1450303?2690760?4815891?haetae5
272653227384382753385
T:
ecdonaldb233
280706028157332831977T!!!dilithium5aes
2438115?3222016?4718821?
T:
qtesla1
342751534330463459263
T:
edons128ref
346808834701323473436
T:
mqdss64
2281896?3933939?6044254?haetae3
459518946192034637152
T:
ecdonaldp384
533444953442825372527
T:
ecdonaldk283
3847594?5630786?7433370?
T:
qtesla3f
579862858114515822989
T:
ecdonaldb283
112437841124800111248803
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
113561601139292411467813
T:
ecdonaldk409
9350551?11818337?13094449?
T:
qtesla1p
9704991?12084316?16828397?
T:
qtesla3s
126430731269217512752281
T:
ecdonaldb409
140050381402480914025861
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
145509001460534514607403
T:
sphincs256
164667221648424616499941
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
185886931861131319133674
T:
3icp
205556642056992120576066
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
215683572158941621608072
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
13892367?21592277?28175264?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
235881682362948223725203
T:
luov4849242
237719392377682923778660
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
244523682446010724492655
T:
ecdonaldk571
273118072733217627384669
T:
ecdonaldb571
17985429?28023328?36573513?
T:
ronald512
290203573097583135143898
T:
falcon512tree
310623113108502631225012
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
28644201?31463990?36333907?
T:
falcon512dyn
323762783248492532520644
T:
luov863256
351557363519373135208371
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
433327054342009243430803
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
515391895167953851903671
T:
tts6440
41728614?52070122?62539619?
T:
qtesla3p
538888695410784954451243
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
546975255469884354721598
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
598468595992064260237098
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
600809576039104061122455
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
743454207458883674965978
T:
luov6468330
55858807?77527186?105676735?
T:
ronald768
820084378209530082979763
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
826341368724915396330069
T:
falcon1024dyn
8547971590130509100833397
T:
falcon1024tree
938218879382328493837012
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
119639498120022348120657329
T:
luov890351
119174934120119766120479079
T:
rainbow5640
90443785?126431607?148193635?
T:
ronald1024
141740297142007330142443827
T:
luov8086399
177957211177989980178080302mqsignlr2567246
211446483211543240211630151
T:
redgemss128v2
217281800217896415218773646
T:
luov8117404
229382372229531131230480136mqsignrr2567246
255782521258160799258383655
T:
rainbow6440
293889580293999780294121374
T:
bluegemss128v2
357863326357922741360162657
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
268248611?396035391?543455079?
T:
ronald1536
435363616435589220436253485
T:
sflashv2
444776151444805291444839458
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
467412652468132960469610315
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
526676372526724676526835074
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
559100756560645090567175589
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
559338238560740094561688606
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
654482587654512017656185304
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
682678734682957993683608564
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
688616151689068357690062530
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
693178998696614328696844280mqsignlr25611272
758748475759361543761158629
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
873547350873575703874819823
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
892287751892694931899546375mqsignrr25611272
9991797269997432311006404297
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
113600183211400274221142627991
T:
redgemss192v2
127258582412741755621275948989
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
131737683113201800941321801292
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
151070145415120365051519238068
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
151256209715142315911515976400
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
151400870815259861601532680733
T:
redgemss128
158386502715841706931584367840
T:
bluegemss192v2
175798591717647600241769856793mqsignlr25614896
211170260721307844322153377746
T:
bluegemss128
1286761065?2194135014?2945388360?
T:
ronald2048
221694429622246694532238968480mqsignrr25614896
301220578230134957243014900511
T:
redgemss256v2
511338645053061519685438665449
T:
pqrsa15
565154422856803025565840139803
T:
redgemss192
3724986263?6108318789?8015227146?
T:
ronald3072
753095202575581559377599170196
T:
bluegemss192
7839566403?11227340422?17969236489?
T:
ronald4096
139226669821397464498014067015230
T:
redgemss256
186836963911873451902419167399298
T:
bluegemss256
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
558475650757458
T:
tts6440
802738034780701ed25519
131827132997158187
T:
rainbow5640
183962184114184363
T:
sflashv2
208183209531226091
T:
rainbow6440
230067231018232206
T:
ecdonaldp256
320091320727322788
T:
ed448goldilocks
349662361781373520
T:
hector
366593367773385174
T:
ecdonaldp224
400368401489404386
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
433877436057455508
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
242444?502319?1259039?
T:
3icp
554418562195573798
T:
ronald512
685816689922693902
T:
donald1024
672759?708236?1374992?
T:
pass769
527427?812805?1207700?
T:
qtesla1
100206810106861015512
T:
falcon512tree
103602310539601060652
T:
ronald768
106773810705741075074
T:
ecdonaldp160
115545011607501161600mqsignlr2567246
123711412435181253689
T:
rwb0fuz1024
1205450?1275736?2026249?T!!!dilithium2
127540212801091287659
T:
ecdonaldp192
139495114004681414372
T:
donald2048
1390781?1412688?2522377?nccsign1aes
140948414232281431667
T:
ronald1024
822507?1603903?2109967?
T:
pass863
161344716249421629697
T:
falcon512dyn
1137834?1627762?1792821?nccsign1
1127984?1726115?3548375?
T:
qtesla3f
178886017899811791937
T:
ecdonaldp521
193603619393651941291
T:
ecdonaldk163
196891019695931971367mqsignrr2567246
1373180?1974201?2732335?nccsign3
200914920251712035803
T:
falcon1024tree
202284120265102031135
T:
ecdonaldb163
1340584?2145551?3632094?
T:
qtesla1p
225820822641632274522
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
258749625882322590027
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
258748425888652591116
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
266572526820332693376
T:
ecdonaldk233
1899137?2762279?4100937?T!!!dilithium2aes
282330228331352848219
T:
ecdonaldb233
319635031971533201547mqsignlr25611272
322124132218663222789crossrsdpg128fast
2433587?3253740?4797742?nccsign3aes
2278604?3254375?4492313?nccsign5
326603832818603288764
T:
falcon1024dyn
1779084?3395599?4939801?T!!!dilithium3
384228238574253876765
T:
ronald1536
2897531?3903942?5358107?T!!!dilithium5
413289541340954135625crossrsdp128fast
2995647?4205461?5049173?T!!!dilithium3aes
2880869?4283387?6610812?nccsign5aes
1675437?4751159?6703546?
T:
qtesla3s
477132547794814786280
T:
ecdonaldp384
501204650278865070746
T:
edons128ref
506766150698935070913mqsignrr25611272
546391754665515491655
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
546491954722375477806
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
553993055498295566774
T:
ecdonaldk283
4514232?5921493?8547199?T!!!dilithium5aes
598446559973086009757
T:
ecdonaldb283
662443266261846636485crossrsdpg128balanced
666035266735766675107aimer128f
667742666941266726548
T:
ronald2048
674957067551486758968mqsignlr25614896
3002241?7061629?8475893?haetae2
717632271767267178689crossrsdpg192fast
773651077388267740791crossrsdp128balanced
988590099403529976672crossrsdpg192balanced
100302611003436510076790crossrsdp192fast
102193431022884610233176mqsignrr25614896
5018720?10361173?17389842?haetae3
105093701053766310554916picnicl1full
110476911105104511056110
T:
luov863256
8250525?11367237?16921204?
T:
qtesla3p
117398881174718611798078
T:
ecdonaldk409
129506791295255612975258crossrsdpg256fast
129747491300024313061890
T:
ecdonaldb409
131561671316439213166216crossrsdpg128small
3135201?13313389?26060336?haetae5
138470201385159313907759picnicl1fs
155691861565772315832570crossrsdp128small
167756761678242916792938crossrsdpg256balanced
170321551710797717153875aimer192f
173930961739714317402664crossrsdp192balanced
176654511770032417745537picnicl1ur
178330751783830517843607crossrsdp256fast
185554911859527918648463
T:
ronald3072
183727941865999318778803crossrsdpg192small
202762342030428220334956picnicl3full
251336982516186325211180
T:
ecdonaldk571
261597942616288426174600crossrsdp192small
280547002810106428150866
T:
ecdonaldb571
300328103004319530054092crossrsdpg256small
300592593093459331120428crossrsdp256balanced
328878943297039433069786picnicl5full
342410453426831634286012picnicl3fs
345181013456174334645774aimer256f
384349173856308838577008
T:
luov890351
393896413943886639499460
T:
ronald4096
406714784105462141328646
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
449433014501413345028586picnicl3ur
485141424855265848558784crossrsdp256small
494139974965447849992828picnic3l1
522582075231274252447377
T:
luov4849242
524347265248777952523496aimer128s
576361435920491359246256picnicl5fs
676045526767220367743978
T:
luov8117404
51937480?67776674?79207169?
T:
redgemss128
727142947289167872960724picnicl5ur
796580277974106379744772
T:
mqdss48
70190527?82991163?101666273?
T:
redgemss128v2
110616291110739960110875518picnic3l3
109836498?126128863?154430091?
T:
redgemss192
132452773132566943132813714aimer192s
136906936?160176741?192663067?
T:
redgemss256
168818613169076095169376944
T:
luov6468330
181421883182997621183299747
T:
pqrsa15
183103621183323335183520830picnic3l5
258809755259699616261009808
T:
mqdss64
264499265264569206264759594aimer256s
219124880?270518599?340019240?
T:
redgemss192v2
271370290271494454271929362
T:
sphincs256
355757881356041416356474805
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
362005675363184752363765141
T:
luov8086399
367846613368327286369295272
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
368425348?433347762?510334225?
T:
redgemss256v2
449800286450200409451043039
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
464350906464961744465777880
T:
picnic2l1fs
516748747516941579517397019
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
599126343599428315599948169
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
650079268650654897651076581
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
829158570829561862829924570
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
853210325853722433854085204
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
937229353939482549943988127
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
993254275994005516994614380
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
103455314710350844301035333860
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
136203133413627104251366370800
T:
picnic2l3fs
148684613414871375201488000328
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
181841050918233952921852519223
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
252934453625298237392530427640
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
285428747228550322262859205700
T:
picnic2l5fs
2471960565?2963674044?3456659873?
T:
bluegemss128
309586930237165387513722536180
T:
bluegemss128v2
533084840353550884445380919451
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
6002762664?7224565412?8434559215?
T:
bluegemss192
823054985982421269108244607716
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
829862798883013654078303620130
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
7455863588?8939959787?10447054445?
T:
bluegemss256
949975517295037032049506755005
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
111782296861118224544211184189343
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
132239872841322868478613234423616
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
135984936891359991803013615647681
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
9822913426?13726482046?13749363706?
T:
bluegemss192v2
149511659341496548294015017150475
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
185192076701853284372718535237428
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
192917664131933904927019461510853
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
107651117911419
T:
rwb0fuz1024
379253810338286
T:
ronald768
388303906139405
T:
ronald512
452204563246427
T:
ronald1024
467084700547511
T:
3icp
518215200952453
T:
rainbow5640
621566267263012
T:
ronald1536
659716619066605
T:
rainbow6440
737107403574442
T:
tts6440
853638615087234
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
864668672887153
T:
ronald2048
129301131066131892
T:
falcon512tree
150068150595151135
T:
ronald3072
159261160994161928
T:
falcon512dyn
162595162821163151
T:
sflashv2
227509227972228464
T:
qtesla1
241504241908242714
T:
ronald4096
258186260085262408ed25519
261776263878264669
T:
falcon1024tree
314904320361326227
T:
bluegemss128v2
326782328878329732
T:
falcon1024dyn
327562329770332492haetae2
328191336032343290
T:
redgemss128v2
370791371829374151
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
472851474386475824
T:
qtesla3f
498201499470499806
T:
ecdonaldp256
524372525408526409
T:
qtesla3s
524919531743539468T!!!dilithium2
535680539195543437
T:
donald1024
594098596006600822haetae3
677806678819680220
T:
ecdonaldp224
688263704629706811nccsign1
724862726917734132haetae5
828616830101844390T!!!dilithium3
838954842778852290nccsign3
857942860645863549
T:
pass769
876680883436889275nccsign1aes
913939917081919866
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
928606943750970395
T:
redgemss192v2
955932960647965264
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
100393910097051013685T!!!dilithium2aes
101132410181791024337
T:
ecdonaldp160
101462610187081025417
T:
pass863
102801610296061032940
T:
ed448goldilocks
103422710615911078521
T:
bluegemss192v2
112257211272361135660nccsign3aes
117801511861331195335
T:
ecdonaldp192
122796312313551233884
T:
qtesla1p
137975213932771403115T!!!dilithium5
139433014008081436016nccsign5
140783014183501431462
T:
hector
152726815340471539684
T:
edons128ref
158670215931851616991T!!!dilithium3aes
164284716506251661238
T:
donald2048
178881517955201802087nccsign5aes
184909818511311855432mqsignlr2567246
185065718516201853615mqsignrr2567246
201919420201932021427crossrsdpg128fast
224465223036922349349
T:
redgemss256v2
242488224291672474471crossrsdp128fast
276149227741302780335T!!!dilithium5aes
335251233541553371304
T:
ecdonaldp521
336181934163243469417
T:
sphincs256
373613737482503753006
T:
ecdonaldk163
384249738610843868422
T:
ecdonaldp384
391780539239543931351
T:
ecdonaldb163
410351441061284110072crossrsdpg128balanced
441417344153104416384crossrsdpg192fast
494906049516964955254crossrsdp128balanced
514921451565065194500mqsignrr25611272
513522651808945194396mqsignlr25611272
518283652056605223119
T:
ecdonaldk233
523038852417655259337
T:
qtesla3p
550658755361815557442
T:
ecdonaldb233
589753358989065900459crossrsdp192fast
578290259681846098139
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
592794461065746133789crossrsdpg192balanced
620836562182586224927aimer128f
800582080101508014510crossrsdpg256fast
805035580636858081230picnicl1full
822361482300458235315crossrsdpg128small
863619887789528936287
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
882141889126989048749
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
917809391896669221249
T:
luov863256
989139399569079963897mqsignrr25614896
997077699807839983864crossrsdpg256balanced
9871189999580910026288mqsignlr25614896
102107561022011810236949crossrsdp128small
104215381042363010526733crossrsdp256fast
105892641059613610607973crossrsdp192balanced
108508421087276110888404
T:
ecdonaldk283
112518791125735411268487picnicl1fs
110890971132824111535332
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
113513481135734111396165crossrsdpg192small
115107651169929311888447
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
117448521176552811794665
T:
ecdonaldb283
128304701299973413148325
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
142785781429677414365519picnicl1ur
142452361454215314656254
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
151894781558056615882301
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
158216881586995715881279picnicl3full
159186101592429015935631aimer192f
159486801595562415968230crossrsdp192small
166890251712793217492972
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
174984501750511317508804crossrsdpg256small
181888101820980718703346crossrsdp256balanced
181790491833908818524963
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
200647462048599020744552
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
216694472218306822543686
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
227263312297679123211767
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
228109052309029923292247
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
231808702324550923358348
T:
ecdonaldk409
248365572523712525523651
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
253912222562132625973314
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
256526512569383225716597
T:
pqrsa15
256454292573026425811433
T:
ecdonaldb409
260003802603557826158561picnicl5full
280916832856158629200287
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
286679332868741228706404picnicl3fs
295325482953636529541920crossrsdp256small
313824813169034031915629
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
322778223232511532337633aimer256f
333758563340112133429618
T:
luov890351
335678503381592534043054
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
355978523562485035664926
T:
luov4849242
353476913574109136146397
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
369016143692166836947614picnicl3ur
399218504019521440274767picnic3l1
401850914048534340840660
T:
bluegemss128
416845654191960742222125
T:
redgemss128
439549854441528244973615
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
447134854518529145676983
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
496492314967956049719523
T:
ecdonaldk571
486310875017768750214813picnicl5fs
518948485189810251900363aimer128s
554314785546809555524322
T:
ecdonaldb571
565564165695056957425018
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
591144035924095759277693
T:
luov8117404
586780045931206359605260
T:
mqdss48
599498226041937261043340
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
605148486055729060664474picnicl5ur
890592308913006089199923picnic3l3
9895480599568748100298491
T:
luov6468330
105668458106302283106597081
T:
bluegemss192
109797036110461140111385160
T:
redgemss192
131511996131534984131973932aimer192s
139763287140118392140283929picnic3l5
150068320150428921151032846
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
149698639150562092150923383
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
188855114189257944189483767
T:
bluegemss256
192141985193313654194680374
T:
mqdss64
192156567193409231194130365
T:
redgemss256
201589438201791609202096392
T:
luov8086399
208498075208923188209163926
T:
picnic2l1fs
262714637263082444264170654aimer256s
336974987338009621342412741
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
337872120338225453338660278
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
479644890480000406480280259
T:
picnic2l3fs
856171240856552372856959731
T:
picnic2l5fs