VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; K10 32nm (300f10); 2011 AMD A8-3850; 4 x 2900MHz; hydra5, supercop-20250415

[Page version: 20250516 15:10:49]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: old (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
678468386910picnicl1full
755575937705picnic3l1
978398949949picnicl3full
107041072310780picnic3l3
133991345213551picnicl5full
136841374613869
T:
picnic2l1fs
141441418814286picnic3l5
144251444514489picnicl1ur
144631450714536picnicl1fs
277052781127972
T:
picnic2l3fs
283522838428441picnicl3ur
283652840828611picnicl3fs
360943617536398
T:
picnic2l5fs
374323745537548picnicl5ur
374853791339839picnicl5fs
682006827568604crossrsdpg128balanced
682076828368477crossrsdpg128small
682436833468467crossrsdpg128fast
706117073070888ed25519
139893140030140237crossrsdpg192small
139963140077140320crossrsdpg192fast
139986140119140267crossrsdpg192balanced
147248148155155933aimer128s
151015151167151342crossrsdp128balanced
151048151184151327crossrsdp128small
151113151280151485crossrsdp128fast
152480152640153082aimer128f
159889160422162656
T:
ecdonaldp256
243141243284245365
T:
ecdonaldp224
246071246295246730crossrsdpg256small
246220246403247461crossrsdpg256fast
246209246468247992crossrsdpg256balanced
308950309825311547
T:
ed448goldilocks
314478314690314957crossrsdp192fast
314586314788315071crossrsdp192balanced
314637314851315185crossrsdp192small
322982326277347291
T:
hector
362002363016367211aimer192s
362588363348364644aimer192f
437964445598452421nccsign1
447992448321449652T!!!dilithium2
532248534378537899
T:
pass769
539539539796541153crossrsdp256small
539506539934541847crossrsdp256fast
539612540071543661crossrsdp256balanced
568530571458576369nccsign3
645226647490649454
T:
pass863
667369673248677782nccsign1aes
811663812745828001T!!!dilithium3
823384823973825162aimer256f
824838825360826989aimer256s
867716877635889055nccsign3aes
910515915412922680
T:
donald1024
915413921406927885nccsign5
926846931401938204T!!!dilithium2aes
974465980302986723
T:
ecdonaldp160
112366511249211126758
T:
ecdonaldp521
120101412058061210199
T:
ecdonaldp192
120425112083471213249
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
128437412857261288376T!!!dilithium5
132623513335891339704nccsign5aes
139682814108661425167
T:
donald2048
149358614953381498546
T:
mqdss48
166145016665481675106T!!!dilithium3aes
185316718595751870014
T:
ecdonaldk163
193640519388591943172
T:
ecdonaldb163
1089887?2318405?3055724?haetae2
253307225506222563951
T:
ecdonaldk233
1752964?2672685?4849099?haetae5
272653227384382753385
T:
ecdonaldb233
276823027766192812769T!!!dilithium5aes
2438115?3222016?4718821?
T:
qtesla1
342751534330463459263
T:
edons128ref
346808834701323473436
T:
mqdss64
1884027?3509207?5624080?haetae3
459518946192034637152
T:
ecdonaldp384
533444953442825372527
T:
ecdonaldk283
3847594?5630786?7433370?
T:
qtesla3f
579862858114515822989
T:
ecdonaldb283
112437841124800111248803
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
113561601139292411467813
T:
ecdonaldk409
9350551?11818337?13094449?
T:
qtesla1p
9704991?12084316?16828397?
T:
qtesla3s
126430731269217512752281
T:
ecdonaldb409
140050381402480914025861
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
145534541458081414608098
T:
sphincs256
164667221648424616499941
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
185886931861131319133674
T:
3icp
205556642056992120576066
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
215683572158941621608072
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
13892367?21592277?28175264?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
237719392377682923778660
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
240397662411165524240878
T:
luov4849242
244523682446010724492655
T:
ecdonaldk571
273118072733217627384669
T:
ecdonaldb571
17985429?28023328?36573513?
T:
ronald512
290755462917459429247738
T:
luov863256
290203573097583135143898
T:
falcon512tree
310623113108502631225012
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
28644201?31463990?36333907?
T:
falcon512dyn
351557363519373135208371
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
433327054342009243430803
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
515391895167953851903671
T:
tts6440
41728614?52070122?62539619?
T:
qtesla3p
538945445399090854236512
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
546975255469884354721598
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
595165505990673660050289
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
602413056030357760573176
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
749852767545377375677938
T:
luov6468330
55858807?77527186?105676735?
T:
ronald768
820084378209530082979763
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
826341368724915396330069
T:
falcon1024dyn
8547971590130509100833397
T:
falcon1024tree
938218879382328493837012
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
119174934120119766120479079
T:
rainbow5640
120986702121782804122536042
T:
luov890351
90443785?126431607?148193635?
T:
ronald1024
144319951144725563145226162
T:
luov8086399
177763468177846193177882586mqsignlr2567246
211593155211702815211871170
T:
redgemss128v2
219800092220401697220797440
T:
luov8117404
229218062229844669229997176mqsignrr2567246
255782521258160799258383655
T:
rainbow6440
294092884294180495294321179
T:
bluegemss128v2
357863326357922741360162657
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
268248611?396035391?543455079?
T:
ronald1536
435363616435589220436253485
T:
sflashv2
444776151444805291444839458
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
467589394468642813469650589
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
526676372526724676526835074
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
557342847558753199559915944
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
616818580618897511620759086
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
654482587654512017656185304
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
682678734682957993683608564
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
688616151689068357690062530
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
695282490695407862696957724mqsignlr25611272
758748475759361543761158629
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
873547350873575703874819823
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
896729765900493977901169741mqsignrr25611272
9991797269997432311006404297
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
113970302211405378321141106740
T:
redgemss192v2
127642603112783152781284206759
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
131737683113201800941321801292
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
147889689115029944421514612986
T:
redgemss128
150857603215109189641521512105
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
150815658215130873851520155285
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
158505815815854416771586090900
T:
bluegemss192v2
175893743417600727981761928673mqsignlr25614896
211067768021158983452122197532
T:
bluegemss128
1286761065?2194135014?2945388360?
T:
ronald2048
222506214422257398172226867452mqsignrr25614896
301363627930156482633016710283
T:
redgemss256v2
518009387552840793295377015505
T:
pqrsa15
557566930955935073405749893564
T:
redgemss192
3724986263?6108318789?8015227146?
T:
ronald3072
758000630576168720877647248157
T:
bluegemss192
7839566403?11227340422?17969236489?
T:
ronald4096
140474726601408638623614126184089
T:
redgemss256
189459313421909467755119177954041
T:
bluegemss256
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
558475650757458
T:
tts6440
804758055380905ed25519
131827132997158187
T:
rainbow5640
183962184114184363
T:
sflashv2
208183209531226091
T:
rainbow6440
230067231018232206
T:
ecdonaldp256
320091320727322788
T:
ed448goldilocks
349662361781373520
T:
hector
366593367773385174
T:
ecdonaldp224
400358401304402224
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
414344415255417675
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
242444?502319?1259039?
T:
3icp
554418562195573798
T:
ronald512
685816689922693902
T:
donald1024
672759?708236?1374992?
T:
pass769
527427?812805?1207700?
T:
qtesla1
100206810106861015512
T:
falcon512tree
103602310539601060652
T:
ronald768
106773810705741075074
T:
ecdonaldp160
116015911616091162965mqsignlr2567246
123711412435181253689
T:
rwb0fuz1024
908349?1274883?2084742?T!!!dilithium2
127540212801091287659
T:
ecdonaldp192
139495114004681414372
T:
donald2048
1387818?1415227?2609525?nccsign1aes
140948414232281431667
T:
ronald1024
1154001?1592050?1788020?nccsign1
822507?1603903?2109967?
T:
pass863
161344716249421629697
T:
falcon512dyn
1127984?1726115?3548375?
T:
qtesla3f
178886017899811791937
T:
ecdonaldp521
193603619393651941291
T:
ecdonaldk163
196759819680931969361mqsignrr2567246
200914920251712035803
T:
falcon1024tree
202284120265102031135
T:
ecdonaldb163
1340584?2145551?3632094?
T:
qtesla1p
225820822641632274522
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
1799370?2492768?4147110?T!!!dilithium3
1368927?2542834?3455362?nccsign3
258836825892822590663
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
1791619?2666883?3902612?nccsign3aes
266572526820332693376
T:
ecdonaldk233
1431719?2779147?4256257?T!!!dilithium2aes
282330228331352848219
T:
ecdonaldb233
308739330952223096318
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
320117832018263202985mqsignlr25611272
322159032221223223224crossrsdpg128fast
326603832818603288764
T:
falcon1024dyn
2345818?3598482?5601276?nccsign5
2720790?3630830?4628732?T!!!dilithium5
384228238574253876765
T:
ronald1536
2873309?4015384?5433430?nccsign5aes
413343741343134135728crossrsdp128fast
1675437?4751159?6703546?
T:
qtesla3s
477132547794814786280
T:
ecdonaldp384
501204650278865070746
T:
edons128ref
2969915?5048693?7593265?T!!!dilithium3aes
506184550651805067342mqsignrr25611272
540924854366505461296
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
540995254584385461238
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
553993055498295566774
T:
ecdonaldk283
1631496?5674608?11078666?haetae2
3788594?5975866?8260410?T!!!dilithium5aes
598446559973086009757
T:
ecdonaldb283
662363666242076634763crossrsdpg128balanced
665831266608296684688aimer128f
667742666941266726548
T:
ronald2048
674670567568896762726mqsignlr25614896
717648171776447179313crossrsdpg192fast
773833077399437893727crossrsdp128balanced
5146198?9523371?14298431?haetae3
982596399273129949448crossrsdpg192balanced
100240831003035110070330crossrsdp192fast
102197711022441410241028mqsignrr25614896
102259751022972010279622picnicl1full
5682582?10792647?15901735?haetae5
113016481130472511312634
T:
luov863256
8250525?11367237?16921204?
T:
qtesla3p
117398881174718611798078
T:
ecdonaldk409
129577241297638513187819crossrsdpg256fast
129747491300024313061890
T:
ecdonaldb409
131677811316924713171081crossrsdpg128small
136283871364856513734938picnicl1fs
155629931564065815832574crossrsdp128small
170801461708422017118768aimer192f
167842221713706117272688crossrsdpg256balanced
173037331731650117427431picnicl1ur
173840661739039817394148crossrsdp192balanced
178304551783411717838271crossrsdp256fast
185554911859527918648463
T:
ronald3072
186810361877872718807294crossrsdpg192small
197779571978294619786780picnicl3full
251336982516186325211180
T:
ecdonaldk571
261649292616955326175608crossrsdp192small
280547002810106428150866
T:
ecdonaldb571
300304413003566730039281crossrsdpg256small
300541273006402330841136crossrsdp256balanced
321763803218670632222687picnicl5full
336787003368947933703710picnicl3fs
345847913460908334721690aimer256f
393896413943886639499460
T:
ronald4096
393868924024276840271818
T:
luov890351
405940204069047841143185
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
439225214399329544046455picnicl3ur
481758604829886048414679picnic3l1
485384784854304648570116crossrsdp256small
525116625256151052895174aimer128s
527063065299968753030979
T:
luov4849242
568336755702906158248145picnicl5fs
52809721?65114122?81145943?
T:
redgemss128
693945746951002669994104
T:
luov8117404
714579327155122771644082picnicl5ur
796580277974106379744772
T:
mqdss48
70883198?84376556?97690988?
T:
redgemss128v2
107094370107172111107361973picnic3l3
110493809?128504890?165637005?
T:
redgemss192
132284886132619136132637551aimer192s
139538496?172038477?198921189?
T:
redgemss256
174308285174816222175520412
T:
luov6468330
176915169177048794177159976picnic3l5
182744057183027289183271696
T:
pqrsa15
258809755259699616261009808
T:
mqdss64
264199387264304806264503960aimer256s
229583945?266051169?340014329?
T:
redgemss192v2
271437073271921071272045396
T:
sphincs256
355757881356041416356474805
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
363777419364615909366676950
T:
luov8086399
366120454367135373367791994
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
360629060?386558681?516364129?
T:
redgemss256v2
449800286450200409451043039
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
457696789458246952458804244
T:
picnic2l1fs
516748747516941579517397019
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
599126343599428315599948169
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
650079268650654897651076581
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
829158570829561862829924570
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
853210325853722433854085204
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
935082958937069945938991948
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
993254275994005516994614380
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
103455314710350844301035333860
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
134440693013447805861351685109
T:
picnic2l3fs
148684613414871375201488000328
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
181841050918233952921852519223
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
252934453625298237392530427640
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
281627655328174658602818636439
T:
picnic2l5fs
2488123909?2987750486?3948260129?
T:
bluegemss128
3096909618?3718360754?4945991192?
T:
bluegemss128v2
533084840353550884445380919451
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
5984664764?7179121207?8386100158?
T:
bluegemss192
823054985982421269108244607716
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
829862798883013654078303620130
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
7462021150?8962037310?11928278661?
T:
bluegemss256
949975517295037032049506755005
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
111782296861118224544211184189343
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
132239872841322868478613234423616
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
135984936891359991803013615647681
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
9826982138?13736811848?13757700160?
T:
bluegemss192v2
149511659341496548294015017150475
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
185192076701853284372718535237428
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
192917664131933904927019461510853
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
107651117911419
T:
rwb0fuz1024
379253810338286
T:
ronald768
388303906139405
T:
ronald512
452204563246427
T:
ronald1024
467084700547511
T:
3icp
518215200952453
T:
rainbow5640
621566267263012
T:
ronald1536
659716619066605
T:
rainbow6440
737107403574442
T:
tts6440
851388599087842
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
864668672887153
T:
ronald2048
129301131066131892
T:
falcon512tree
150068150595151135
T:
ronald3072
159261160994161928
T:
falcon512dyn
162595162821163151
T:
sflashv2
227509227972228464
T:
qtesla1
241504241908242714
T:
ronald4096
259596260421261639ed25519
261776263878264669
T:
falcon1024tree
310293322162331221
T:
bluegemss128v2
326782328878329732
T:
falcon1024dyn
330314331678333138haetae2
325348335438342728
T:
redgemss128v2
370672372303373495
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
472851474386475824
T:
qtesla3f
498201499470499806
T:
ecdonaldp256
524372525408526409
T:
qtesla3s
535680539195543437
T:
donald1024
539213540340544439T!!!dilithium2
588678590264600237haetae3
677806678819680220
T:
ecdonaldp224
681895704796708804nccsign1
725638726977733458haetae5
835337843540845837T!!!dilithium3
840542843886846683nccsign3
857942860645863549
T:
pass769
877538883412890322nccsign1aes
885025899936917477
T:
bluegemss192v2
915919921135923895
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
898122923083941683
T:
redgemss192v2
942381946425949188T!!!dilithium2aes
955932960647965264
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
101132410181791024337
T:
ecdonaldp160
101462610187081025417
T:
pass863
102801610296061032940
T:
ed448goldilocks
112263511266171136742nccsign3aes
117801511861331195335
T:
ecdonaldp192
122796312313551233884
T:
qtesla1p
136395213837191423756T!!!dilithium5
140783014183501431462
T:
hector
142835514334011437453nccsign5
152726815340471539684
T:
edons128ref
158530315901611603264T!!!dilithium3aes
164284716506251661238
T:
donald2048
178734917919251797283nccsign5aes
184982718506441851506mqsignlr2567246
184959418507121851210mqsignrr2567246
201881720201082024143crossrsdpg128fast
219747422548302296394
T:
redgemss256v2
246897824704802474241crossrsdp128fast
276593027746302806424T!!!dilithium5aes
335251233541553371304
T:
ecdonaldp521
338185834109473441582
T:
sphincs256
373613737482503753006
T:
ecdonaldk163
384249738610843868422
T:
ecdonaldp384
391780539239543931351
T:
ecdonaldb163
410404041071584109426crossrsdpg128balanced
441384144153944416482crossrsdpg192fast
495782749616075036335crossrsdp128balanced
513661951435905148197mqsignrr25611272
515099351599575161476mqsignlr25611272
518283652056605223119
T:
ecdonaldk233
523038852417655259337
T:
qtesla3p
550658755361815557442
T:
ecdonaldb233
589832258997345901695crossrsdp192fast
592451959284505932787crossrsdpg192balanced
578290259681846098139
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
621506362165636219230aimer128f
784158578680387878850picnicl1full
800918880127388023458crossrsdpg256fast
822457482262828229361crossrsdpg128small
863619887789528936287
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
882141889126989048749
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
940183494065589411362
T:
luov863256
9873688993436510027522mqsignlr25614896
993287499617329998393mqsignrr25614896
99767261015663310243162crossrsdpg256balanced
101991291020864910237631crossrsdp128small
104221591042647010576956crossrsdp256fast
105909161060664110609300crossrsdp192balanced
108508421087276110888404
T:
ecdonaldk283
110757131108148511096453picnicl1fs
110890971132824111535332
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
113230761147987911724489crossrsdpg192small
115107651169929311888447
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
117448521176552811794665
T:
ecdonaldb283
128304701299973413148325
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
140076131406197514127778picnicl1ur
142452361454215314656254
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
154739111547864715483083picnicl3full
151894781558056615882301
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
159138101591974415956831aimer192f
159602671596514415970965crossrsdp192small
166890251712793217492972
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
175043291750864517519722crossrsdpg256small
181860941819340618646463crossrsdp256balanced
181790491833908818524963
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
200647462048599020744552
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
216694472218306822543686
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
227263312297679123211767
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
228109052309029923292247
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
231808702324550923358348
T:
ecdonaldk409
251318672521066525389806
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
252532132539848725468701
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
254886812551731225581048picnicl5full
256454292573026425811433
T:
ecdonaldb409
257322572575751825793867
T:
pqrsa15
283184662836217628389790picnicl3fs
280916832856158629200287
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
295229472953219929565764crossrsdp256small
313824813169034031915629
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
322632803227616232428210aimer256f
335678503381592534043054
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
337909913457072234604578
T:
luov890351
353476913574109136146397
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
359432003597608735997360
T:
luov4849242
361533343618524036204698picnicl3ur
388817453893628539000334picnic3l1
408389734111037041652845
T:
bluegemss128
416002784197804542097088
T:
redgemss128
439549854441528244973615
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
447134854518529145676983
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
481699844836747349566543picnicl5fs
496492314967956049719523
T:
ecdonaldk571
521037715212761552300893aimer128s
554314785546809555524322
T:
ecdonaldb571
565564165695056957425018
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
586780045931206359605260
T:
mqdss48
594563805955437461238587picnicl5ur
599498226041937261043340
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
607561796081303460955910
T:
luov8117404
861208618617938386295429picnic3l3
979525429805369698929340
T:
luov6468330
106751529107191824108572626
T:
bluegemss192
108414466108835631109304545
T:
redgemss192
131425720131448062131562022aimer192s
135033094135357079135452749picnic3l5
149482301149995256150856894
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
149912728151061952151478847
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
186371815187116131187985694
T:
bluegemss256
192141985193313654194680374
T:
mqdss64
194187968194990011197146917
T:
redgemss256
202865768202995326203195048
T:
picnic2l1fs
204038500204290847204521593
T:
luov8086399
262553583263372154264602433aimer256s
335761834336155299341162553
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
339518501340585470343940643
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
465408190465847730467393201
T:
picnic2l3fs
826935212827637487828320977
T:
picnic2l5fs