VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Zen 4 (a60f12); 2023 AMD Ryzen 7 7700; 8 x 3800MHz; hertz, supercop-20241022

[Page version: 20241101 10:40:35]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
224322672352picnicl1full
224223102634picnic3l1
305530603068picnic3l3
306830743090picnicl3full
395539714038picnicl5full
395839774095picnic3l5
417342224270
T:
picnic2l1fs
459946324736picnicl1ur
462746914758picnicl1fs
584858715942picnicl3ur
585158875943picnicl3fs
601360586185
T:
picnic2l3fs
723372627453
T:
picnic2l5fs
777077987890picnicl5ur
775478037926picnicl5fs
150131510215180
T:
lattisigns512
328283298433503dilithium2aes
394693957039726aimer128f
394753958739727aimer128s
424704262342752ed25519
519525227352833dilithium3aes
612686158862009dilithium2
767847712578180
T:
ecdonaldp256
770597749878003dilithium5aes
101139101362101648aimer192s
108532108839109110aimer192f
112910113259113487dilithium3
121889123564124429
T:
ecdonaldp224
150971152283154369nccsign1aes
157009157406157880
T:
ed448goldilocks
164856171545180557
T:
hector
173137173853177041dilithium5
192636194339195957nccsign1
192215194596195829
T:
pass769
199021201527202914nccsign3aes
214363215786218750
T:
pass863
254338255423256929nccsign3
274926275325275569aimer256f
275899277271277594aimer256s
307453309639311649nccsign5aes
163165?340425?695551?haetae2
388751392009393754nccsign5
417842419162422630
T:
donald1024
420420421630439359
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
503293504440504936
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
583691585646607975
T:
ecdonaldp160
583669586051592149
T:
ecdonaldk163
603780605628612267
T:
ecdonaldb163
617932619881622775
T:
mqdss48
638270640470645087
T:
ecdonaldp521
643374644694647938
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
706962708613713315
T:
ecdonaldp192
756798758910762289
T:
ecdonaldp384
783168790048791529
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
802809807331816104
T:
ecdonaldk233
822430824852829624
T:
ecdonaldb233
448747?1005096?1480338?haetae3
506151?1087407?1580249?haetae5
136269713691671378931
T:
ecdonaldk283
138331713854901390254
T:
donald2048
143280614382351466976
T:
ecdonaldb283
144068014457031451320
T:
mqdss64
988652?1551267?1894743?
T:
qtesla1
165805916773031709866
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
198738719894751993282
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
207551721090532110505
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
219716421993172200262
T:
sphincs256
232574423405042364718
T:
ecdonaldk409
246539024686442474599
T:
ecdonaldb409
2075477?3052413?4058309?
T:
qtesla3f
318698931888903362978
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
362584236274823633698
T:
luov863256
382483538283673831020
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
500614250128365022493
T:
ecdonaldk571
3092897?5044881?7010749?
T:
qtesla3s
513254651400665181101
T:
mqsignlr2567246
4534583?5169690?6379268?
T:
qtesla1p
525461852717905383112
T:
mqsignrr2567246
536619353848215406037
T:
ecdonaldb571
553653455436315556834mqsignlr2567246
582229758377665919390
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
627710162934666317244mqsignrr2567246
673304067351906736995
T:
luov863256pc
687843969055786930404
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
792465679343607950669
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
984436698653739902857
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
102715451028929610319677
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
113131051133685211349410
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
9660707?12168138?18158017?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
136340581365687714164727
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
135467731385895414088180
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
9169962?14470066?19822928?
T:
ronald512
145312091517044216436732
T:
falcon512dyn
148037261600871018103283
T:
falcon512tree
159615601649081916621096
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
172790121728226017289886
T:
luov890351
175406381755731317578735
T:
luov4849242
203233682043113320543310
T:
mqsignlr25611272
203173352049763620609078mqsignlr25611272
212821122135122621429330
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
214653352177992421928500mqsignrr25611272
215342462198475322085413
T:
mqsignrr25611272
19881456?23551187?32855243?
T:
qtesla3p
249495522499730626284483
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
264174802643408026465557
T:
luov890351pc
285188672857155728610744
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
292832592929397629309648
T:
luov8117404
293447332937414029451790
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
348531273490006434918945
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
30697321?42965419?57363971?
T:
ronald768
444290174445074344475044
T:
redgemss128v2
456907474577886145875399
T:
luov8117404pc
461740834779012551276428
T:
falcon1024dyn
32104616?47898730?67136311?
T:
ronald1024
472102644918215655463134
T:
falcon1024tree
521092505220034853276765mqsignlr25614896
521046475230354152954568
T:
mqsignlr25614896
558608965586971055882147
T:
gemss128
557967695590156855973297
T:
luov6468330
566611355666769756683368
T:
gemss128v2
570192475704044357101254
T:
bluegemss128
578341785784814057879290
T:
bluegemss128v2
587385975877120663675420
T:
redgemss128
633873016346209263535812
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
645147276482885767219194
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
651765286528356365347292
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
693619356974942369909910
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
724574847303737874231341
T:
mqsignrr25614896
728143587305798973668563mqsignrr25614896
102852612105060571105409963
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
105295146105485323105604504
T:
luov8086399
120467660122962998124413217
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
127031444127197560127328428
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
167412640167680576168169661
T:
redgemss192
186849841187011959187210933
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
213801541214346406215315866
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
217038558217176205217347048
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
237564982237847737238422423
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
194712241?239207615?391378948?
T:
ronald1536
239606789240221332240531918
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
243396218243598342243931611
T:
redgemss192v2
244158359245166723245609280
T:
gemss192v2
245660174245936109246119872
T:
bluegemss192v2
293248792293332347293419863
T:
bluegemss192
296416974296529506296723212
T:
gemss192
317844865?419335893?567488428?
T:
ronald2048
511105434512714014513444215
T:
bluegemss256v2
676947840677409046677951057
T:
gravitysphincss
698580486699214108699645110
T:
gemss256v2
769330960770289233771377966
T:
redgemss256v2
783180342783497623783938569
T:
redgemss256
800388663800699689800898820
T:
bluegemss256
804081082804128986804242669
T:
gemss256
1079980874?1684010528?2702181045?
T:
ronald3072
315564150432290312173343172276
T:
pqrsa15
3052683120?4045136672?7074759805?
T:
ronald4096
108326128331083874033310841432870
T:
gravitysphincsl
216676105232167983741721693505030
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
103031040310790
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
209932133722015
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
462584631446554ed25519
497124994051291
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
500755042452107
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
654476563365762
T:
mqsignlr2567246
768277811380178mqsignlr2567246
58139?81810?129785?dilithium2aes
964819696397184
T:
mqsignrr2567246
105976106176106501mqsignrr2567246
108315108545108829
T:
ecdonaldp256
108159?141307?230742?dilithium5aes
115714?152827?275304?dilithium2
98762?158901?250030?dilithium3aes
163222163419163709
T:
ed448goldilocks
165854168459170480
T:
mqsignlr25611272
174807182817191233
T:
hector
185280186141186777
T:
ecdonaldp224
185034189253190665mqsignlr25611272
121219?194426?377006?
T:
lattisigns512
213860214907223568
T:
luov863256pc
171155?218175?334972?dilithium3
243414245252247726
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
249577253119258933
T:
mqsignrr25611272
272293276050278020mqsignrr25611272
291812294346298588
T:
ronald512
293003?296694?581542?nccsign1
276501?299583?560299?
T:
pass863
254953?306151?409488?dilithium5
187908?306507?657393?
T:
qtesla3f
319201322903329974
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
321155323154324991
T:
donald1024
322972327217331007
T:
falcon512tree
188631?330045?535980?
T:
qtesla1
235375?332163?363840?nccsign1aes
317554?441874?645143?nccsign3aes
470105475673481576
T:
mqsignlr25614896
506358515439519381mqsignlr25614896
269147?526825?804797?
T:
pass769
544058550212553415
T:
ronald768
386034?569927?757721?nccsign3
589135592948600763
T:
mqsignrr25614896
602317606219608910
T:
falcon512dyn
622069623791626896
T:
ecdonaldk163
623826626217628888
T:
ecdonaldp160
621450631287634712mqsignrr25614896
642816644076645833
T:
ecdonaldb163
647365655507665285
T:
falcon1024tree
668843677993684672
T:
ronald1024
671847684342694138
T:
luov890351pc
512776?713981?1344424?
T:
qtesla1p
730073733803740624
T:
rwb0fuz1024
729745734280739315
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
502198?743548?885534?nccsign5aes
744955746325748172
T:
ecdonaldp192
802560817538825546
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
489428?860885?1388294?
T:
qtesla3s
862156865034867732
T:
ecdonaldk233
873238874631877909
T:
donald2048
883201885580888985
T:
ecdonaldb233
610320?891249?1124187?nccsign5
891903894137896597
T:
ecdonaldp384
891463897072910471
T:
luov8117404pc
896703898739899782aimer128f
101237610139131016519
T:
ecdonaldp521
757595?1064173?2314229?haetae3
121908812235141227145
T:
falcon1024dyn
145058314521951455492
T:
ecdonaldk283
823040?1479020?3143300?haetae5
151864415206601523380
T:
ecdonaldb283
723219?1784410?2653221?haetae2
183838818500211856823
T:
ronald2048
195747519698211978528
T:
ronald1536
244474524464452447945aimer192f
2527489?2561249?3364177?
T:
ecdonaldk409
258681925880622591684picnicl1full
266284226669072677422
T:
ecdonaldb409
307529330772643079068
T:
luov863256
2216437?3347504?4567110?
T:
qtesla3p
359879936007523604017picnicl1fs
365834336608153673633
T:
mqdss48
3368698?4096800?4672312?
T:
redgemss128
434935043616124387642
T:
ronald3072
439375443986104403226picnicl1ur
3239737?4417374?5070321?
T:
redgemss128v2
472230247255504728577aimer256f
476629347703924774866
T:
gravitysphincss
510078051035345110857picnicl3full
538698253950425406864
T:
ecdonaldk571
574627357582135807521
T:
ecdonaldb571
657405665800336593734aimer128s
717450471830907189543picnicl3fs
828217483033998319615
T:
ronald4096
829976583086488317285picnicl5full
852747685431128561907
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
878256588698159002898
T:
mqdss64
914803391657139174873
T:
gravitysphincsm
956411895758659606803picnicl3ur
7953995?9724888?12038226?
T:
redgemss192v2
997352499773089983016
T:
luov890351
110350471104510411052951
T:
gravitysphincsl
10041097?11459070?14056457?
T:
redgemss192
118115271182820911845037picnic3l1
124767931248247912489095picnicl5fs
153093951538541315754660
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
161876751619613016209280picnicl5ur
168805691689672617469125
T:
luov8117404
13800824?17491780?20368397?
T:
redgemss256v2
183751681838530418398189aimer192s
190295721911439619232478
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
188043991927437919336344
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
16621989?20177193?23282212?
T:
redgemss256
240661532420040924584798
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
250420272506982225108216picnic3l3
336779863368782833733199aimer256s
350871733510498335150264
T:
luov4849242
372918303733035337355036
T:
sphincs256
417494314178686341825417picnic3l5
427881504288651243299729
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
529252555314051653224011
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
544351025453157554597555
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
676893756788761668085892
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
930425419319853695008701
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
952963459541660495549434
T:
picnic2l1fs
108585553108718745108751466
T:
luov6468330
115898521115949660116104771
T:
pqrsa15
122579393122962065123171578
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
113967477?136459138?159659324?
T:
bluegemss128v2
115024219?137938832?183696183?
T:
bluegemss128
138963874139226784140492827
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
167253271167586012167741920
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
186010916186291763186647745
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
215094898215167273215590190
T:
luov8086399
259351903260458611262273566
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
277597723277738953279341830
T:
picnic2l3fs
310447786312401466315760176
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
315134907317855075323040756
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
264982050?318213223?370763015?
T:
bluegemss192v2
394394353394644314419832160
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
367113153?440150748?513384747?
T:
bluegemss192
490395277491308910492047691
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
409311276?511833543?614245749?
T:
bluegemss256v2
550267089550761369551671486
T:
picnic2l5fs
568503612575339413578461380
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
638926698?770767139?1021245408?
T:
bluegemss256
779724903783729728786928583
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
717184047?860213273?1003574799?
T:
gemss128v2
717175396?861665196?1006281932?
T:
gemss128
104103661210465733211056196204
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
151005578215139635411514862553
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
179475121218041564501825010615
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
1806672391?2166836871?2527708436?
T:
gemss192v2
233765638523391440092348336547
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
250540614225263881992535891736
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
2448003796?3423932757?3578286627?
T:
gemss192
3065237435?3676526271?4331189915?
T:
gemss256v2
382978412538319987483874443872
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
4472465486?5365629062?6261894658?
T:
gemss256
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
564657495886
T:
rwb0fuz1024
774378227944
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
148971544616536
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
180381841519062
T:
ronald512
206092107221438
T:
ronald768
244092465324849
T:
ronald1024
246852544726322
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
253812563925982
T:
lattisigns512
332653346633714
T:
ronald1536
351723547435602
T:
mqsignlr2567246
357993604036353
T:
mqsignrr2567246
364213657436903mqsignrr2567246
361133680137458mqsignlr2567246
429024310543966dilithium2aes
445334488145065
T:
ronald2048
493515115553119
T:
gravitysphincss
611316129461595dilithium3aes
619956293463543
T:
falcon512tree
685926867468976dilithium2
673296877270235
T:
qtesla1
736897446975344
T:
falcon512dyn
771587746978046
T:
ronald3072
828168416193616
T:
luov863256pc
876558793188238dilithium5aes
9948099835100189haetae2
96120102829110594
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
112868113021113247dilithium3
113505115027116883mqsignlr25611272
115150116906120429
T:
mqsignlr25611272
119700120280120953
T:
ronald4096
120525124473128982mqsignrr25611272
122999124611125890
T:
falcon1024tree
124196127935131851
T:
mqsignrr25611272
140196142935145275
T:
qtesla3f
144201144896145543
T:
qtesla3s
146534148477150065
T:
falcon1024dyn
154120154378154840haetae3
153754158540163012
T:
redgemss128v2
158061158754159515ed25519
160204161269162060nccsign1aes
178864179292181447dilithium5
184198188199194515
T:
redgemss128
190635190955191314haetae5
197641199041200140nccsign1
185509205252219586
T:
bluegemss128
204210?220859?261060?
T:
bluegemss128v2
220636221838223827nccsign3aes
224020226249230493
T:
gravitysphincsm
232214240122246939
T:
mqsignlr25614896
235418243898254408mqsignlr25614896
239354248539256287
T:
gemss128
236691249278262027
T:
mqsignrr25614896
244762252009260603mqsignrr25614896
254336255095256611
T:
ecdonaldp256
260419261610265019
T:
donald1024
244374266595276130
T:
gemss128v2
265114267460268806nccsign3
294513302173306464
T:
gravitysphincsl
315546316937318472
T:
pass769
317402329766340881
T:
luov890351pc
326239330437381794
T:
pass863
338171339916341337
T:
qtesla1p
334392341835348830
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
345094346837348709nccsign5aes
359474360123361002
T:
ecdonaldp224
414110416981418328nccsign5
408527433319452702
T:
redgemss192
448759452089466277
T:
luov8117404pc
454662468896480418
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
461287487928529920
T:
redgemss192v2
503939510650520212
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
520615527653543812
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
536045561925591478
T:
bluegemss192
564576566069567513
T:
ed448goldilocks
567930592454610255
T:
bluegemss192v2
573821596963613295
T:
gemss192
601724604530608725
T:
ecdonaldp160
592741612384623350
T:
gemss192v2
704137708203712043
T:
ecdonaldp192
720988725182731324
T:
hector
716481727947738952
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
774452781338787832
T:
donald2048
789730802701810863
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
824639835763851259
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
901737902819928351aimer128f
107025210759421085092
T:
sphincs256
105439210847871142260
T:
bluegemss256v2
107220210978911117337
T:
bluegemss256
109949911274991193441
T:
gemss256
109667311572271202804
T:
redgemss256v2
114018611596261179589
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
118195211833071187411
T:
ecdonaldk163
112992711834571215001
T:
redgemss256
116193912209281247687
T:
gemss256v2
122570412280251230080
T:
ecdonaldb163
121454012446661253695
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
125138812672421282279
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
138929913995921408696
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
164057816424141644728
T:
ecdonaldk233
168591516894371693284
T:
ecdonaldb233
168825416955971702050
T:
qtesla3p
184491118483231851846
T:
ecdonaldp521
200213020081592012952
T:
ecdonaldp384
205203420649712083194
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
210107221039472124611picnicl1full
223860722491842269382
T:
mqdss48
223164722555252281249
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
245287224558682459304aimer192f
250946725110932512945
T:
luov863256
251787726217392682205
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
280560828092682814671
T:
ecdonaldk283
293928129434352964559picnicl1fs
293983329440772955089
T:
ecdonaldb283
368164137120473719850picnicl1ur
376113138430033895949
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
419862542025034208750picnicl3full
469522147009404714023aimer256f
485162548750364914629
T:
ecdonaldk409
490829849746725045713
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
511084651149045122123
T:
ecdonaldb409
503864651295865325473
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
573780357877565823930
T:
mqdss64
579455458058455810849picnicl3fs
618106562777076371382
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
636351963712206378934
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
641427264846827064864
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
678276667884196793285aimer128s
687143268968836905508picnicl5full
747650275929857717508
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
784843778572037868485picnicl3ur
884620188495298853092
T:
luov890351
933972793554239370169picnic3l1
969500498482089988140
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
9822903994347010075577
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
98462931000547710125750
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
102036921023078510244832picnicl5fs
104096271041871310440361
T:
ecdonaldk571
111318731114991211170772
T:
ecdonaldb571
121393391234358512641128
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
133911331343378713458375picnicl5ur
151848031518813815211872
T:
luov8117404
156935351571246415726912
T:
pqrsa15
182354631824541818258156aimer192s
192417321947814619619602
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
194758931968165219943719
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
202373002026204920287300picnic3l3
248619392487627524897829
T:
luov4849242
323593553241202932453120picnic3l5
329205123293668133093708aimer256s
386243803866486338706139
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
388443903908756239220879
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
455011044551814845551468
T:
picnic2l1fs
664922736653253366857802
T:
luov6468330
868574188733868387906669
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
904031939060686690818983
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
101441926101529858101593112
T:
picnic2l3fs
121785597121931933122094730
T:
luov8086399
174427905174526829174603721
T:
picnic2l5fs