VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Ivy Bridge+AES (306a9); 2012 Intel Core i5-3210M; 2 x 2500MHz; h9ivy, supercop-20250922

[Page version: 20251001 12:36:38]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: old (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
326873274632852
T:
lattisigns512
498665015350567crossrsdpg128fast
499495021450838crossrsdpg128balanced
503995061951456crossrsdpg128small
661516627167244ed25519
104943105346105737crossrsdpg192fast
103267105371128191
T:
ecdonaldp256
105047105390105685crossrsdpg192small
105002105494105961crossrsdpg192balanced
105388105750106084crossrsdp128balanced
105530105773106099crossrsdp128small
106474106540106679aimer128s
106480106572106937aimer128f
106676106827107100crossrsdp128fast
181851182226187639
T:
ecdonaldp224
184311184789186154crossrsdpg256small
184290185331187030crossrsdpg256balanced
184477185684187550crossrsdpg256fast
207383207721208253
T:
ed448goldilocks
241756242272242762crossrsdp192balanced
242142242462242922crossrsdp192small
243316243835244358crossrsdp192fast
261368261587262134aimer192f
263045263488265768aimer192s
278639289493291980
T:
hector
348342348702349304T!!!dilithium2
354966356964360523nccsign1
417720418768420178
T:
pass769
427302427997428756crossrsdp256balanced
427717428317428994crossrsdp256small
434861435268436516crossrsdp256fast
462469463986467236nccsign3
514349516492518368
T:
pass863
553375557075559356nccsign1aes
619657620790621799aimer256f
625886626230627377aimer256s
641580642421643440T!!!dilithium3
717741718699719630
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
717783723343728405nccsign3aes
723569725862729742
T:
donald1024
725938730184733688nccsign5
744262746291749382T!!!dilithium2aes
857658859132866015
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
883778887461891288
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
895931902184905729
T:
ecdonaldp160
919933922417927000
T:
ecdonaldp521
944498946691951857
T:
ecdonaldp384
776716?951199?1819319?haetae2
993048993939995611T!!!dilithium5
101174910155711023063
T:
ecdonaldk163
102136710220831023393
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
104320510457051049174
T:
ecdonaldb163
104813210504441052075
T:
mqdss48
108420010875411092543
T:
ecdonaldp192
110997511172861124394nccsign5aes
129608912964021297383
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
131875713320751351170
T:
donald2048
135932813633021367463T!!!dilithium3aes
137630313810861385972
T:
ecdonaldk233
141676114182381422579
T:
ecdonaldb233
1023129?1644796?2682948?haetae5
1598475?2099060?2654760?
T:
qtesla1
1613260?2187847?4191637?haetae3
225471722587072262531T!!!dilithium5aes
241340124212412433681
T:
ecdonaldk283
244715224488762450876
T:
mqdss64
254809125540782563146
T:
ecdonaldb283
267603226811682684607
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
275224627599722771279
T:
edons128ref
344872334557713458499
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
428925642957884302864
T:
ecdonaldk409
458931045942344601022
T:
ecdonaldb409
3502296?5131717?5171727?
T:
qtesla3f
576995157725685773251
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
5216440?6882642?8572336?
T:
qtesla3s
846224184707938473804
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
847779984783128479447
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
7222907?9134276?10164835?
T:
qtesla1p
927072493125179339465
T:
ecdonaldk571
956525295752069603886
T:
3icp
100491461005628510108568
T:
ecdonaldb571
107126761071462910717660
T:
sphincs256
111827321118554111193599
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
124666981247071112476640
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
129617461299645913042186
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
160646201606624216068278
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
164972961649814716499327
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
194533241949402419506291
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
202943402031195220327400
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
13939847?20815959?30804102?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
211959412120381421250127
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
214287042143506421437525
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
219238252192460021925388
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
21232255?22709732?27081210?
T:
falcon512tree
214315812332203226620732
T:
falcon512dyn
239544732395771123962711
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
20200912?26332444?34944840?
T:
ronald512
273603392742386827449110
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
321322703214578932161317
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
321107073227648532627669
T:
tts6440
327904563279237332795167
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
408257374084890540857853
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
461047554613090046237422
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
37452256?46953049?59619902?
T:
qtesla3p
553542075536677055409190
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
44852599?60724898?85761325?
T:
ronald768
618935436200269562008547
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
622084776221430462220773
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
620642156244149163016720
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
633873886383413363994307
T:
pflash1
686682476947394969695610
T:
rainbow5640
650789327057018477447907
T:
falcon1024tree
69174555?73537153?88160120?
T:
falcon1024dyn
66216745?88305270?120235974?
T:
ronald1024
124166199124280734124844247
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
124303087126445609134646832
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
117615021126857909130049295
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
126591504126955266127094486
T:
rainbow6440
141853933141941712142029323mqsignlr2567246
178145285178365379178611324mqsignrr2567246
185302929185304808185306545
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
211369778211460292211513762
T:
sflashv2
270003667270020595270287553
T:
sphincss192sha256simple
272115564272124410272133202
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
345473161346174412374038455
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
352257988352283308352291125
T:
sphincss256sha256simple
358434403358457011358486680
T:
sphincss128sha256robust
362641557363810419366923996
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
364008844364464058388930495
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
239546127?401373733?516052341?
T:
ronald1536
402535444402587454402871229
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
516199911516862436516970487
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
527034918527077284527098069
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
527624047529171569530659937
T:
sphincss192sha256robust
530271766530685968531003207mqsignlr25611272
668965352669124520669312544mqsignrr25611272
466062714?676824652?1047322976?
T:
ronald2048
770408022770639694770737145
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
992270185992283686992367865
T:
sphincss256sha256robust
100076324310008539241000938092
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
126828469412691529281269814390mqsignlr25614896
158189248715819720331582487615
T:
gravitysphincss
162094982616217650021622398200mqsignrr25614896
1359391183?2544823297?3411725115?
T:
ronald3072
4945436033?7060118265?9329949052?
T:
ronald4096
253096886682531209995625314470804
T:
gravitysphincsl
506313170125065110696150657724270
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
208192096221621
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
346303507735579
T:
tts6440
450004595447360
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
738637407174220ed25519
733537462283381
T:
rainbow5640
96370?98294?170280?
T:
rainbow6440
102510106182111759
T:
sflashv2
138274139735141726
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
139138140338141840
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
164330164938165532
T:
ecdonaldp256
216172216583216712
T:
ed448goldilocks
287657289386293380
T:
ecdonaldp224
304520312466317104
T:
hector
158220?374768?622044?
T:
3icp
254778?491266?824088?
T:
lattisigns512
509124515712520745
T:
ronald512
517175519176521346
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
538970540679543479
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
565889568485573310
T:
donald1024
613781?643870?1253416?
T:
pass863
439640?677053?985308?
T:
qtesla1
702528714170721680
T:
falcon512tree
812125813395816098mqsignlr2567246
840229?843494?1278828?nccsign1
882364890006898684
T:
ronald768
966581972661977750
T:
ecdonaldp160
508642?992454?1510118?
T:
pass769
108162410889621095741
T:
ecdonaldk163
110962211166831126636
T:
rwb0fuz1024
111372411171431121253
T:
ecdonaldb163
114487211466971148304
T:
ecdonaldp384
734933?1151292?1869059?
T:
pflash1
115341611555051158667
T:
ecdonaldp192
116399911669681179773
T:
falcon512dyn
119623211978201200684
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
120260012053671209218
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
655453?1208800?1753172?
T:
qtesla3f
119563712103891231203
T:
ronald1024
132322713345221342767
T:
donald2048
143418214431081454267
T:
falcon1024tree
145037314525051455150
T:
ecdonaldp521
145715514611521470366
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
1026754?1461554?1999840?nccsign3
146071614624941463984mqsignrr2567246
992515?1466511?2051808?T!!!dilithium2
1059238?1477785?1967431?nccsign1aes
148274714864211493172
T:
ecdonaldk233
152421015291181541082
T:
ecdonaldb233
1058281?1745923?2756509?T!!!dilithium2aes
1335155?1839044?2565385?nccsign3aes
1216801?2088773?2583302?
T:
qtesla1p
215406621566322159331mqsignlr25611272
1565169?2210477?3784087?T!!!dilithium5
1137997?2270231?3053678?
T:
qtesla3s
227369522762722277704crossrsdpg128fast
232907623372222341983
T:
falcon1024dyn
254689925512162559023
T:
ecdonaldk283
1352804?2596675?4017114?T!!!dilithium3
1735155?2637153?3377206?nccsign5
268809326909342697420
T:
ecdonaldb283
2204917?3052165?3896523?nccsign5aes
317732331803183182081crossrsdp128fast
325739632747263288114
T:
ronald1536
2246701?3474564?4364413?T!!!dilithium3aes
347140334831693498007
T:
edons128ref
350464235085633511474mqsignrr25611272
2808892?3561024?4814623?T!!!dilithium5aes
448080844853154492504mqsignlr25614896
457912045843804596313
T:
ecdonaldk409
482372748280334831309crossrsdpg128balanced
488379348934304912199
T:
ecdonaldb409
3542471?5140797?13049115?haetae3
525042652514005253159crossrsdpg192fast
527624152926995308432
T:
ronald2048
534003553463975347309aimer128f
2305687?5430768?8572282?haetae2
4998457?5712048?9871891?
T:
qtesla3p
599730959994306001732crossrsdp128balanced
680786468137746819438mqsignrr25614896
720251972044297207218crossrsdpg192balanced
781164078139417817773crossrsdp192fast
931930593264779330517crossrsdpg256fast
956690195709739579524crossrsdpg128small
982647698832129920222
T:
ecdonaldk571
4359286?10197015?19914924?haetae5
105918001060402310650121
T:
ecdonaldb571
119710171197411911977746crossrsdp128small
122236371222800812236365crossrsdpg256balanced
133267001333251213392691
T:
gravitysphincss
134094491341152913413830aimer192f
134723441347417913477685crossrsdp256fast
136171991362029413625221crossrsdpg192small
136632781367124513677394crossrsdp192balanced
142687311429762414315006
T:
ronald3072
164889711651914716564604
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
205114152051773920521936crossrsdp192small
219226792192730321934015crossrsdpg256small
229271322293300322936436crossrsdp256balanced
235990022361113123624379
T:
gravitysphincsm
258870542590367825919270
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
265565782658875326694336aimer256f
273581402736648827374062
T:
mqdss48
280268352805169828692648
T:
gravitysphincsl
300917323013103330180226
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
303547823041237230508542
T:
ronald4096
321042973214274732178295
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
369700253697724836997891crossrsdp256small
396105223965207139694330
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
417990684181718541883362aimer128s
699244557005182870195955
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
790514747906431179068292
T:
mqdss64
932125259330803893480846
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
993669669964589399891503
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
104226779104235311104248773aimer192s
182805647182918043183026559
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
200135842200211869200299418
T:
sphincs256
204024664204154526204239446aimer256s
239864708239988414240106974
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
248561747249568149275573045
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
267804271268014819268241646
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
335917506336247365336468883
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
341068901341274533341428537
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
415888449416046904416236217
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
458242129458510664458793003
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
483936045484195707484488928
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
537118582537388361537601993
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
540216662540534657540828091
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
639543398640008267640330124
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
646855130647429592651692459
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
751320801751601872751799774
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
822328177822448349822677177
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
913229662913482312913784091
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
128412430512848147541285428411
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
137865968913788709051379272388
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
144747677414481385211449605476
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
274854945627488329142749122522
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
404939101240496680114049866106
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
458750408645879020274588503439
T:
sphincss256sha256simple
497280763949732562044973668038
T:
sphincss128sha256robust
630928059663098321596311267688
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
672274976667233569576725357996
T:
sphincss192sha256simple
720092812872052958337205913834
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
856868587585712149108581092066
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
113979727191139883324111400172332
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
122076101961220805991512217023783
T:
sphincss256sha256robust
121958094001220979609012211479118
T:
sphincss192sha256robust
148701910651487274702714873136712
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
908292759438
T:
rwb0fuz1024
185851871818897
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
348123495235205
T:
3icp
369533754738124
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
372633759538009
T:
ronald768
383023859439279
T:
rainbow5640
387463907439300
T:
ronald512
437094409044705
T:
ronald1024
435044455845032
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
496774995850228
T:
lattisigns512
510785124652164
T:
rainbow6440
537785391054510
T:
tts6440
579825844659515
T:
ronald1536
771617762578227
T:
ronald2048
887119057590928
T:
falcon512tree
9901699784100432
T:
sflashv2
107592109618110016
T:
falcon512dyn
114611118034120389
T:
gravitysphincss
132059132695133291
T:
ronald3072
141332142064142573
T:
qtesla1
182334183898184404
T:
falcon1024tree
204564205920208104
T:
ronald4096
200837209582215864
T:
pflash1
214477217198219504ed25519
217712219882221866
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
253335254656255832
T:
falcon1024dyn
260893261506262407haetae2
284442285038285760
T:
qtesla3f
290873291449292350
T:
qtesla3s
397904398159398436T!!!dilithium2
407706408408410274
T:
ecdonaldp256
450151453948457688
T:
donald1024
460299463380466836
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
463669464432465567haetae3
469485471441474843
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
495999502431506182
T:
gravitysphincsm
516909517703519030
T:
ecdonaldp224
519361521561523686nccsign1
533526541879553056
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
573649575167578744haetae5
629227630935633275
T:
pass769
638041638460639603T!!!dilithium3
650627652935655510nccsign3
668460681305688234
T:
gravitysphincsl
688000689495691513
T:
ed448goldilocks
687595690729693877nccsign1aes
702452704818707467
T:
qtesla1p
726868728781731670T!!!dilithium2aes
758846761530763369
T:
pass863
760494762578765809
T:
edons128ref
801764808909819283
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
830721847961861161
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
869806874913879077nccsign3aes
963407970745978003
T:
ecdonaldp160
105978010605981061430T!!!dilithium5
106447110677781071883nccsign5
106017510730221081756
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
111842711231181132073
T:
ecdonaldp192
115415011679781172162
T:
hector
122866512495441265136
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
126817412715181273709T!!!dilithium3aes
130917113266391345375
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
139981914010261402184crossrsdpg128fast
140531014102981418291nccsign5aes
146277914646471468850mqsignlr2567246
147743614789281483531mqsignrr2567246
154660615599051576072
T:
donald2048
168496217135801733630
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
191196619131011914915crossrsdp128fast
193665219615021994702
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
194897619617291977386
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
202527020402382054436
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
205619520583172061907
T:
ecdonaldk163
211972121230192126751
T:
ecdonaldb163
219739622015602203977T!!!dilithium5aes
246739624694482471147
T:
ecdonaldp384
253293525612082584410
T:
sphincs256
270044527027332705390
T:
ecdonaldp521
282566228292642832372
T:
ecdonaldk233
290637329106042915424
T:
ecdonaldb233
300142530035323006258crossrsdpg128balanced
305821831002513169561
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
317958832012123235158
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
320645832290983278951
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
324164732438293247978crossrsdpg192fast
329867633056343317915
T:
qtesla3p
384012438431653845935crossrsdp128balanced
385323138565793858900mqsignrr25611272
385977038635433866798mqsignlr25611272
440685944103634413925crossrsdpg192balanced
449822645799104641796
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
474350247457404749198crossrsdp192fast
483290748881004944820
T:
sphincss192sha256simple
494093449496974956663
T:
ecdonaldk283
496849249697514971525aimer128f
521205252160165220809
T:
ecdonaldb283
567313656787315701818crossrsdpg256fast
598484259886955993232crossrsdpg128small
613694362102356322527
T:
sphincss256sha256simple
603185762563516371894
T:
sphincss128sha256robust
652010067022666729051mqsignrr25614896
653893767026266732219mqsignlr25614896
661264667252106812340
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
718717871921827197083crossrsdpg256balanced
742041774993727631622
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
784140778447837848230crossrsdp128small
810857081106918112972crossrsdp256fast
828849082910828293749crossrsdp192balanced
860417086091568612067crossrsdpg192small
855034887247688840684
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
868792288670499131790
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
886310788733008881518
T:
ecdonaldk409
946117794767879489746
T:
ecdonaldb409
972481698386969952085
T:
sphincss192sha256robust
106402111086355111088250
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
121338391226446712549957
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
121595861227231012400887
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
124657351247468612478497crossrsdp192small
125535251255670712576610aimer192f
125682331258827912600257
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
125962241262723712644076
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
126926901270090912707363crossrsdpg256small
129735461318900413405538
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
139603341396616413976518crossrsdp256balanced
148796301510335915394247
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
168820571705538517329231
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
171512061732755017496643
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
174856691767167217871260
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
182967491861789418838893
T:
sphincss256sha256robust
191088871912844019187291
T:
ecdonaldk571
192964081950868519662791
T:
mqdss48
206437782070208120796189
T:
ecdonaldb571
212843942155041521833261
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
225760382258203922590142crossrsdp256small
245266182482377425062992
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
248553802486061124877162aimer256f
340245583436137634755276
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
340870473459120734752292
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
361611623664274737007074
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
416010604165428541993894aimer128s
562873835693616057706067
T:
mqdss64
760760337645780778032034
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
768495297818350786405538
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
103771367103786977103931397aimer192s
172479537173588907176101752
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
172071117174183669199729550
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
202121718202147899202366463aimer256s