VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Gracemont (906a4-20); 2022 Intel Core i3-1215U, E cores; 4 x 1600MHz; alder2,1f626960,3300000, supercop-20240625

[Page version: 20240726 23:45:48]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Implementation notes

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
357536253877picnicl1full
362136403712picnic3l1
491849765173picnicl3full
504151045171picnic3l3
540354745578
T:
picnic2l1fs
568457175796picnicl1ur
575257985839picnicl1fs
675468036842picnic3l5
654469167595picnicl5full
108291090311029
T:
picnic2l3fs
108501094811122picnicl3ur
108791097111180picnicl3fs
136981382114035picnicl5ur
138391389514027
T:
picnic2l5fs
140041406614324picnicl5fs
561375640556678T!!!dilithium2aes
574685868659035ed25519
872368757988100dilithium3aes
117629117855118131T!!!dilithium2
116718118242121068
T:
ecdonaldp256
134713135002135680dilithium5aes
158087159055160786
T:
donald512
218673219149219915T!!!dilithium3
243276243423243925
T:
ed448goldilocks
251810252975256221
T:
ecdonaldp224
290499291861293506
T:
pass769
341919342559343748T!!!dilithium5
343945347075350850
T:
pass863
487282487966492060
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
494978497418503171
T:
donald1024
650528657340661950
T:
ecdonaldp160
664778665258667247
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
667141668504671116
T:
mqdss48
722535724340731510
T:
ecdonaldp521
736418737116737922
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
735837741346745156
T:
ecdonaldk163
767541777108784532
T:
ecdonaldb163
784295793935799649
T:
ecdonaldp192
424188?955529?2011435?haetae2
100337410146561027926
T:
ecdonaldk233
102904610298291048217
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
105711510659481079434
T:
ecdonaldb233
794394?1392161?1769200?
T:
qtesla1
155158015536731556342
T:
mqdss64
165169516733581683504
T:
donald2048
171508617615111774867
T:
ecdonaldk283
969165?1841878?3253482?haetae3
183025918587111866616
T:
ecdonaldb283
217506221759502177245
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
2419516?2434060?4700801?
T:
qtesla3f
255141525530972557763
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
288058628966012917669
T:
ecdonaldk409
291886629234602938521
T:
ecdonaldp384
1706646?2928173?4454028?haetae5
298440230557203083837
T:
ecdonaldb409
384681938505023853162
T:
sphincs256
513696251405845155943
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
3560026?5832418?6971596?
T:
qtesla3s
616592262584196311117
T:
ecdonaldk571
5106566?6387385?7073776?
T:
qtesla1p
660015666757966742185
T:
ecdonaldb571
756687175750907584724
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
759619576465717674194
T:
mqsignlr2567246
963860796595719689795
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
982512298371129876708
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
984535798522339860795
T:
mqsignrr2567246
983496598672649918455
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
104526361045559810544678
T:
luov863256
109712411099523111042220
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
114352711145613111476362
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
147066321473575914751422
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
10026768?16216263?23604136?
T:
ronald512
167884631679105816799831
T:
luov863256pc
180808821808450518218225
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
184391631845000518534051
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
201714332020214220209949
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
200636442125909322928497
T:
falcon512dyn
201162272172316624665536
T:
falcon512tree
225253592264673723041578
T:
luov4849242
234723342347470123476682
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
23706673?30160570?34586935?
T:
qtesla3p
18277906?30947253?43353358?
T:
ronald768
328705663287199432872854
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
345128813451749534525561
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
354125453545778435499454
T:
luov890351
364871703659409636924805
T:
mqsignlr25611272
377605653785504537981654
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
409225844093431440949935
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
488046304905664850680366
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
490498084912113649848009
T:
bluegemss128
491839954961348349717587
T:
gemss128
497002824979602349881580
T:
gemss128v2
497618994981456549879255
T:
mqsignrr25611272
505197645096138251761248
T:
bluegemss128v2
521007325213701752229682
T:
redgemss128
534184475343796453593532
T:
redgemss128v2
547069045500829855161982
T:
luov890351pc
557164935593871756100114
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
593268525978387960121118
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
606201236120597461816816
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
612797286129260561583035
T:
luov8117404
622721066439459676831207
T:
falcon1024dyn
669869856720042567573217
T:
luov6468330
646167076744010571062399
T:
falcon1024tree
42902427?72850094?99923330?
T:
ronald1024
898325539005807090304462
T:
mqsignlr25614896
928325829288033893343691
T:
luov8117404pc
103955981104116986104543488mqsignlr2567246
119203189119435493119620702
T:
mqsignrr25614896
125974901126145700126406444
T:
luov8086399
138813801139783303140232833mqsignrr2567246
142728729143011449143280753
T:
rainbow1b
163158035163345068163461898
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
166750402166848255168048908
T:
sflashv2
187927842189612121190137606
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
133858532?208531927?358921461?
T:
ronald1536
215169164215450992215904075
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
240745131241415201241648950
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
241959381242591321243345227
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
258944050259299746260938541
T:
gemss192v2
257467911259360060261257940
T:
gemss192
263243954264158472267397109
T:
bluegemss192
268058143268894321276024532
T:
bluegemss192v2
271562919272005089273022813
T:
redgemss192
274282961284832712290921414
T:
redgemss192v2
293899750294034022294111233
T:
rainbow1c
306523953306630144306858902
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
321888549322240440322913392
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
403093629403678903407650440mqsignlr25611272
454979762455189678456126846
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
499094325502521934510036410
T:
gui184
539543365541628590542891175mqsignrr25611272
607841057608311738608625931
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
459640311?669407349?928491179?
T:
ronald2048
842832620847767872886454150
T:
bluegemss256v2
849045532850541331946527882
T:
gemss256
8631066208667398031025984253
T:
gemss256v2
858343643867105787879512555
T:
redgemss256v2
877976183878675284879240182
T:
rainbow3b
873468662884082521898733505
T:
redgemss256
900413286900530727900617215
T:
gravitysphincss
902030367903316373906776686
T:
rainbow1a
925401784953195459993577210
T:
bluegemss256
9939597359959779601001284144mqsignlr25614896
131636737513271744621332633528mqsignrr25614896
847339728?1867642320?2638548317?
T:
ronald3072
260252602826069516012610217396
T:
rainbow3c
375525799838206153873884895911
T:
gui312
446608816445090929874556491107
T:
rainbow6b
3395963320?5684917672?8076262405?
T:
ronald4096
708096043470844349387159078826
T:
rainbow4a
877634781887804795958796779542
T:
rainbow5c
917961203193221744849388847422
T:
rainbow6a
137708706451377476032613776460101
T:
gravitysphincsl
235796268312376017809223959287455
T:
gui448
288111323542882249342828827623168
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
140431442815250
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
332743421037842
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
616416181361934ed25519
624036401065879
T:
rainbow1a
734507370677618
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
759177785486198
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
991199936299665
T:
sflashv2
110265110613111263
T:
mqsignlr2567246
134814135294136271
T:
rainbow1c
148317149259149799
T:
mqsignrr2567246
167289167712168338
T:
ecdonaldp256
119612?226303?432916?T!!!dilithium2aes
250932251801256487
T:
ed448goldilocks
251245253528255598
T:
donald512
260225261029263031
T:
rainbow1b
305446306457308736
T:
ecdonaldp224
345099347669351354
T:
mqsignlr25611272
356617360203367083
T:
ronald512
245106?362493?545491?T!!!dilithium2
273345?385281?548684?dilithium3aes
173396?398071?895403?
T:
qtesla1
435157436428437678
T:
rainbow3c
450194451323452583
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
456950461922468294
T:
falcon512tree
466083466699469038
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
475210476778478380
T:
mqsignrr25611272
365908?522479?639517?dilithium5aes
540026541866544835
T:
luov863256pc
379346?544137?666350?T!!!dilithium3
588710592663596709
T:
donald1024
304971?600304?630277?
T:
pass769
626077627331629348mqsignlr2567246
638036638760641521
T:
mqsignlr25614896
645323646325648575
T:
rainbow6a
666749672830678146
T:
ronald768
685703688023692217
T:
ecdonaldp160
559222?691953?1009068?T!!!dilithium5
715134716749718419
T:
rainbow4a
353075?719858?1068243?
T:
pass863
769416773137779486
T:
ecdonaldk163
799063801751805212
T:
rainbow3b
794512805673808974
T:
ecdonaldb163
829583831751835008
T:
ecdonaldp192
845722847325848732
T:
rainbow5c
848105853463858742
T:
falcon512dyn
887233890065892713
T:
mqsignrr25614896
924754931359940002
T:
falcon1024tree
104158010434381045947
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
105118610603851069158
T:
ecdonaldk233
108197710839521085840
T:
ecdonaldp521
109422210993161107784
T:
ecdonaldb233
111394611157911118209mqsignrr2567246
110685911215561166521
T:
ronald1024
113766711408121146506
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
653492?1229183?2149633?
T:
qtesla3f
969165?1394891?2654929?haetae2
160767316097911611456
T:
luov890351pc
164156216480591663269
T:
donald2048
171085417147391718710mqsignlr25611272
172502017340371739542
T:
falcon1024dyn
1113120?1755072?2979941?
T:
qtesla1p
181848618405641846103
T:
ecdonaldk283
191064519173091924738
T:
rainbow6b
191844519329131942207
T:
ecdonaldb283
1543682?2203146?4800935?haetae5
1007389?2261381?4090920?
T:
qtesla3s
232795423292122330373
T:
luov8117404pc
1268470?2336074?3404544?haetae3
279559328006682803872mqsignrr25611272
304545130512943057130
T:
ecdonaldp384
2565444?3061969?3657077?
T:
redgemss128
303984330620313078910
T:
ecdonaldk409
317845232403133261701
T:
ecdonaldb409
326720932789843292544
T:
ronald1536
3136669?3561205?4052359?
T:
redgemss128v2
361167136377033649033mqsignlr25614896
502238050326975039540picnicl1full
548079754845015522613
T:
mqdss48
558326856016315614993mqsignrr25614896
596503259775265997159picnicl1fs
598270059921086003323
T:
ronald2048
612465461496016357156
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
655656266096926676736
T:
ecdonaldk571
5625745?6628343?7836303?
T:
redgemss192
688427568917786899914
T:
luov863256
680458669407737004072
T:
ecdonaldb571
730404373254707340013
T:
gravitysphincss
4248881?7445674?11237843?
T:
qtesla3p
7065951?7940086?10175594?
T:
redgemss192v2
824109882578358282071picnicl1ur
988903899192879948940picnicl3full
9352235?11223945?12634827?
T:
redgemss256
131768161322477613243476
T:
gravitysphincsm
12143040?13969844?17109468?
T:
redgemss256v2
145371391456240114604333
T:
mqdss64
145381911461446814675958picnicl3fs
154472151560166315618303
T:
gravitysphincsl
163887331663030616671757picnicl5full
7300820?17041835?29174560?
T:
gui184
174575181748025417538277
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
175066231752183517566658
T:
ronald3072
207083392083994520871266picnicl3ur
215864612160821321620184
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
230022432303375223103243picnic3l1
231203442312890923135587
T:
luov890351
242402152435576324376767picnicl5fs
243866372445163524625340
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
308015653085264131053452
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
334850303364109933740154picnicl5ur
364044133699727737071788
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
387809613883389738868403
T:
ronald4096
401339384014323940165765
T:
luov8117404
437211724379916044965360
T:
luov4849242
512287225160150151636360picnic3l3
548676245491957754950687
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
672195816724929567292410
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
709360967103395871248061
T:
sphincs256
839695288407502484889260picnic3l5
101611192101979858102666978
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
86298730?103569106?120805731?
T:
bluegemss128
87134799?104139631?138357305?
T:
bluegemss128v2
127150936127547003127777071
T:
luov6468330
162664066162815347163003252
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
180295887180396967180772076
T:
picnic2l1fs
206499913206690852206887561
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
186298885?223512243?261763925?
T:
bluegemss192v2
187577578?224367638?297382408?
T:
bluegemss192
263363946279682812281350713
T:
luov8086399
297607066297944463298582928
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
198318539?332657521?661114368?
T:
gui312
345701538345891927346032544
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
358509868358680190358828149
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
315108194?377959744?503580236?
T:
bluegemss256
324935764?388512738?518673570?
T:
bluegemss256v2
394609457394902304395294880
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
460454759461078966461587703
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
480307350480528101482180677
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
539064208539280790539699646
T:
picnic2l3fs
590476365590624767590900333
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
531086871?635447088?743190918?
T:
gemss128v2
531016205?637454127?743420162?
T:
gemss128
671686520671977680672791126
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
840220544840769232841582379
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
974357781974482480974845717
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
111206774711124423941116487847
T:
picnic2l5fs
1303287052?1563915994?1839548213?
T:
gemss192
1328411547?1593624749?1858982608?
T:
gemss192v2
243644742124416403512445276351
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
2435969255?2981452348?3858725630?
T:
gemss256v2
2458687652?3397676134?3456867649?
T:
gemss256
382837597938401250553851382021
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
2277277766?3948193192?10646916111?
T:
gui448
430566668443103577894320271719
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
513170097251330710635135051174
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
693796789669416085166951556101
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
890605763089111916428914421153
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
113841162812526
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
234642376024222
T:
ronald512
277852826028700
T:
ronald768
273842835729706
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
339673454538124
T:
ronald1024
383423984644356
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
474805009453734
T:
rainbow1a
495735011350781
T:
ronald1536
584755960162178
T:
gravitysphincss
663326919872866
T:
rainbow1c
724817318373855
T:
ronald2048
755727578776112T!!!dilithium2aes
813048250783116
T:
falcon512tree
952459577896380
T:
qtesla1
101689102945103749
T:
falcon512dyn
108267108664109289dilithium3aes
108712109254109543
T:
mqsignlr2567246
108385110403116701
T:
luov863256pc
122697123145123543
T:
mqsignrr2567246
130715130959131280T!!!dilithium2
136710137390138111
T:
ronald3072
141244141407141820haetae2
159924160440161207dilithium5aes
157604162508172479
T:
gui184
163982165124167068
T:
falcon1024tree
170140172404178778
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
122368?180938?185614?
T:
sflashv2
180314181996183647
T:
donald512
200749201488202962
T:
qtesla3s
199829201934203479
T:
qtesla3f
208102209391210375
T:
rainbow1b
208442209562210916
T:
falcon1024dyn
221291221567221864T!!!dilithium3
222045222873223908ed25519
223375223836224028haetae3
225404226220227180
T:
ronald4096
250956253831257896
T:
gravitysphincsm
267052267603268004haetae5
267428271963307475
T:
rainbow3c
279099286582293180
T:
gemss128
285538287322294775
T:
luov890351pc
298682307421319061
T:
gemss128v2
295400308527316742
T:
bluegemss128
299465310691315953
T:
redgemss128
308783314183320846
T:
redgemss128v2
312819318373326937
T:
bluegemss128v2
342627346173350498
T:
gravitysphincsl
355254355793356217T!!!dilithium5
352179357545365421
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
360093362604365000
T:
mqsignrr25611272
363265365936367560
T:
mqsignlr25611272
392393394419397137
T:
luov8117404pc
402569403774404594
T:
ecdonaldp256
411983415644419122
T:
pass769
445272449058454197
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
476432479116482014
T:
qtesla1p
477345484782488555
T:
pass863
502058503774511507
T:
donald1024
500962509342528383
T:
rainbow4a
532853537569550441
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
567586576743588221
T:
gemss192
592036600640608357
T:
gemss192v2
596922612346630952
T:
redgemss192
605652616332631262
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
669012670057672006
T:
mqsignrr25614896
653341674474687048
T:
bluegemss192
671600674891677297
T:
mqsignlr25614896
665217679503711654
T:
redgemss192v2
666901683021694958
T:
bluegemss192v2
679235684575690083
T:
ecdonaldp160
691629695060698806
T:
rainbow3b
704822710814859749
T:
rainbow5c
719264724049734481
T:
ecdonaldp224
717699727697737766
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
769990782748851817
T:
gui312
799928806025812500
T:
ecdonaldp192
823363835264842800
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
904184924480927824
T:
ed448goldilocks
947606957469978079
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
973803982865991180mqsignrr2567246
9663189842311012854
T:
rainbow6a
100015810065211016265mqsignlr2567246
118364912058981230599
T:
gemss256
118768112145771246041
T:
bluegemss256v2
120572112230101241596
T:
redgemss256v2
124509112654011295459
T:
bluegemss256
130113613153151334504
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
129388813257921352142
T:
gemss256v2
131087113268111334816
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
136573613844811392565
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
140961914235451450673
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
145112514964321500982
T:
ecdonaldk163
145973415395141561707
T:
redgemss256
154674615539961574812
T:
ecdonaldb163
178249617955371808700
T:
sphincs256
179192417985591807853
T:
rainbow6b
192593519400141951270
T:
donald2048
202627520438562053906
T:
ecdonaldk233
208650620894542097083
T:
ecdonaldp521
211819521498272152861
T:
ecdonaldb233
224702322554812262347
T:
qtesla3p
228531323117912328703
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
237007623718132378535mqsignrr25611272
238449224015362478402mqsignlr25611272
245848324921522512468
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
253802125551042564898
T:
ecdonaldp384
265029927285022794057
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
317031032025273669611
T:
gui448
323023832612083466536
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
315681933946843464314
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
353456135799953591204
T:
ecdonaldk283
365526236811883702431
T:
mqdss48
372429037482273783308
T:
ecdonaldb283
383811838482963890553picnicl1full
398438640466314114564
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
486175448675604913679picnicl1fs
489806149004934902709mqsignrr25614896
495594349678984975908mqsignlr25614896
511601052427155418879
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
525263153214535421387
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
580265358051645806961
T:
luov863256
587857659340815991027
T:
ecdonaldk409
622192863482066357662
T:
ecdonaldb409
651108366325756687808
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
672941967922756818077picnicl1ur
771091077303087738525picnicl3full
774965278534217983449
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
100788691013505710205407
T:
mqdss64
100391501024266910422941
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
104313091061995910718285
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
106951371089613411061073
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
118030581182841211853404picnicl3fs
127214931278434012983125
T:
ecdonaldk571
128018011302996313272024
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
129249691306887213146949picnicl5full
135469391375295313938072
T:
ecdonaldb571
168863541691046016963382picnicl3ur
188011141881534418831051picnic3l1
196264871972280619854352
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
197869671985706219898399picnicl5fs
196949432003159820461183
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
205892132060363620611917
T:
luov890351
204778022068623320911601
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
208920142114361821448299
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
274789002751553827658830picnicl5ur
314988953152143331552567
T:
luov4849242
354615143546602735473758
T:
luov8117404
415838844174113641834944picnic3l3
428421494351844043786102
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
437881024433661144679663
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
657464176598362066033303picnic3l5
832279528347021983508144
T:
luov6468330
911550519122770591530490
T:
picnic2l1fs
154049755154270541154355912
T:
luov8086399
208085071208240525208440095
T:
picnic2l3fs
367108187367912286368645892
T:
picnic2l5fs