Measurements of key-encapsulation mechanisms on one machine: armeabi; Cortex-A9+NEON (412fc09a); 2011 Freescale i.MX6 Quad; 4 x 1200MHz; unstable; novena, supercop-20220506
[Page version: 20241107 11:34:56]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for key-encapsulation mechanisms:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time for "encapsulation":
time to compute a ciphertext and corresponding session key, given a user's public key.
- Time for "decapsulation":
time to compute the session key from the ciphertext, given the user's secret key.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Space for a ciphertext.
- Space for a session key.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this key-encapsulation mechanism.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each key-encapsulation mechanism and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new key-encapsulation mechanisms
and new implementations of existing systems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(kcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(kcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
Cycles to generate a key pair |
25% | 50% | 75% | system |
257421 | 258478 | 260852 | T: C:r5nd1kem0d |
265871 | 267281 | 270600 | T: C:r5nd0kem2iot |
305471 | 307457 | 309449 | T: C:r5nd1kem5d |
312426 | 312769 | 313763 | threebears624r2cca |
318081 | 319731 | 324219 | T: C:r5nd1kem4longkey |
320737 | 321400 | 321734 | C:threebears624r2cpax |
325225 | 325388 | 326049 | threebears624r2ccax |
329039 | 329701 | 330365 | C:threebears624r2cpa |
479445 | 480110 | 486750 | kyber512 |
591675 | 594311 | 658468 | T: newhope512cca |
627648 | 628850 | 630517 | threebears936r2cca |
634502 | 635833 | 638485 | C:threebears936r2cpa |
632509? | 638485? | 795533? | T: C:r5nd3kem5d |
645790 | 646457 | 649113 | threebears936r2ccax |
680655 | 683309 | 686453 | C:threebears936r2cpax |
756154 | 758678 | 767508 | kyber90s512 |
824089 | 837038 | 888500 | kyber768 |
899127 | 908756 | 919712 | T: C:hila5 |
1007239 | 1014900 | 1026512 | T: C:r5nd3kem0d |
1062819 | 1066471 | 1076765 | threebears1248r2cca |
1074434 | 1076758 | 1094484 | C:threebears1248r2cpa |
1081738 | 1083068 | 1094029 | threebears1248r2ccax |
1202266 | 1205584 | 1216541 | C:threebears1248r2cpax |
1209479 | 1212647 | 1240642 | T: newhope1024cca |
1265194 | 1289587 | 1325919 | T: C:r5nd5kem5d |
1292243 | 1296342 | 1315351 | kyber1024 |
1386115 | 1405465 | 1438128 | T: C:r5nd5kem0d |
1356323 | 1423061 | 1500091 | kyber90s768 |
1645851 | 1671749 | 1777000 | T: kindi256342 |
1731195 | 1750456 | 1762613 | T: ntrulpr653 |
1805890 | 1896987 | 1983849 | T: kindi512241 |
1844737 | 1968008 | 2084705 | T: kindi512222 |
2227276 | 2241005 | 2265312 | T: ntrulpr761 |
2289652 | 2326502 | 2507458 | kyber90s1024 |
2424455 | 2438727 | 2461309 | T: hqc1281 |
2406856 | 2506129 | 2581497 | T: lima2p1024cca |
2798353 | 2807351 | 2826624 | T: ntrulpr857 |
3188071 | 3422232 | 3461835 | T: ntrulpr953 |
3123096 | 3826741 | 3860508 | T: ntrulpr1013 |
3611780 | 3954759 | 4071192 | T: kindi512321 |
4382081 | 4405645 | 4423243 | T: kindi256522 |
4774550 | 4969096 | 5099249 | T: lima2p2048cca |
5136442 | 5422975 | 5505351 | T: limasp1018cca |
5444885 | 5472422 | 5540177 | T: hqc1921 |
5704733 | 5734832 | 5778924 | T: ntrukem443 |
5917029 | 5947240 | 5970152 | T: hqc1922 |
6084877 | 6100023 | 6150618 | T: ntrulpr1277 |
8560078? | 9116359? | 10721597? | T: limasp1822cca |
9847893 | 9888714 | 9937208 | T: hqc2561 |
9601517? | 10210447? | 12076768? | T: limasp1306cca |
10462475 | 10598272 | 12533361 | T: hqc2562 |
10900396 | 10930947 | 11007645 | T: hqc2563 |
14858284? | 14887433? | 18703667? | T: ntrulpr4591761 |
15799104 | 15867222 | 19240233 | T: ntrukem743 |
24455347 | 26107174 | 26379089 | T: limasp2062cca |
26020502 | 26312367 | 26439909 | T: frodokem640 |
27183919 | 27213196 | 27462504 | T: frodokem640aes |
29315424 | 29564661 | 30254091 | T: C:r5n11kem0d |
52104421 | 52166626 | 52250724 | ntruhps2048509 |
60393103 | 61536729 | 72249175 | T: frodokem976 |
61551208 | 61602799 | 63615113 | T: frodokem976aes |
63342485 | 63755330 | 76485504 | T: frodokem640shake |
69963327 | 70048614 | 70183744 | ntruhps2048677 |
73156869? | 74018668? | 91842522? | T: C:r5n13kem0d |
74876491? | 74987644? | 94082859? | ntruhrss701 |
84376958 | 84417899 | 84492890 | T: sntrup653 |
84444463 | 84478613 | 84635937 | sntrup653 |
99388358 | 99568223 | 99671928 | T: ntruhps2048677 |
101828698? | 101971815? | 127907642? | T: ntruhps4096821 |
101807312? | 102035186? | 127955455? | ntruhps4096821 |
111509080 | 114692612 | 114850657 | T: sntrup761 |
114762596 | 115002393 | 138202492 | sntrup761 |
99051218 | 115610651 | 119289935 | T: sntrup4591761 |
116710663 | 116865386 | 127699957 | T: frodokem1344aes |
142947987 | 143355382 | 172255944 | T: frodokem976shake |
146649748 | 147056469 | 147269307 | T: sntrup857 |
147118807 | 147347667 | 172336077 | sntrup857 |
135142310? | 155592170? | 172004963? | T: C:r5n15kem0d |
162366154? | 162925949? | 204274852? | T: sikep434 |
147924310 | 174087915 | 181556118 | T: lotus128 |
179601188 | 181682577 | 181841144 | T: sntrup953 |
161362935? | 202447628? | 202672079? | T: sntrup1013 |
202557900 | 202699010 | 203144436 | sntrup1013 |
181938315 | 212818432 | 219236129 | sntrup953 |
248257849 | 248486804 | 249356720 | T: sikep503 |
249775609 | 262235503 | 278121933 | T: frodokem1344shake |
279592515 | 311865985 | 325539179 | T: sikep434comp |
330679912 | 366499833 | 410947105 | T: ntskem1264 |
375321898 | 414770712 | 454116186 | T: lotus192 |
396463282 | 429962026 | 464330263 | T: sikep503comp |
460787613 | 461239345 | 476776594 | T: sikep610 |
678986457 | 740897880 | 808337366 | T: lotus256 |
780002664 | 800819044 | 881627516 | T: sikep610comp |
850951866 | 852204103 | 860453005 | T: sikep751 |
985117991 | 1006802767 | 1103159066 | mceliece348864f |
824778674? | 1126340223? | 1447593035? | mceliece348864 |
1152801084 | 1256604646 | 1275485295 | T: ntskem1380 |
1320166627 | 1427610961 | 1497209799 | T: sikep751comp |
2601615985? | 2697238295? | 3264416840? | T: ntskem13136 |
3638829980 | 4058572616 | 4090279409 | mceliece460896f |
4881980352 | 4941832384 | 5940500829 | T: sntrup1277 |
4009800515? | 5215429159? | 7372312504? | mceliece460896 |
8216314477 | 8346013490 | 8631391178 | mceliece6960119f |
9268473747 | 9830005378 | 11415319869 | mceliece6688128f |
7823584866? | 10031182755? | 15657815319? | mceliece6960119 |
10988587124 | 11164634437 | 13652682936 | mceliece8192128f |
11749119516? | 15358583188? | 27534568790? | mceliece6688128 |
14945631231? | 20291992079? | 26746455489? | mceliece8192128 |
|
Cycles for encapsulation |
25% | 50% | 75% | system |
406857 | 408703 | 412136 | T: C:r5nd1kem0d |
416360 | 418476 | 424992 | T: C:r5nd0kem2iot |
426655 | 427232 | 427652 | threebears624r2ccax |
427980 | 428313 | 430969 | threebears624r2cca |
431635 | 432300 | 433625 | C:threebears624r2cpax |
456535 | 456868 | 457863 | C:threebears624r2cpa |
486089 | 488174 | 513520 | T: C:r5nd1kem5d |
504810 | 507004 | 513522 | T: C:r5nd1kem4longkey |
466260? | 573188? | 597646? | mceliece348864 |
570088 | 578721 | 607938 | mceliece348864f |
640146 | 641807 | 654091 | kyber512 |
785241 | 785907 | 792877 | threebears936r2ccax |
784909 | 787237 | 793874 | threebears936r2cca |
767772? | 788366? | 1270993? | T: ntskem1264 |
777805 | 789949 | 814504 | T: ntrukem443 |
797857 | 799185 | 807818 | C:threebears936r2cpa |
710867 | 847265 | 849325 | C:threebears936r2cpax |
906429 | 917718 | 968163 | kyber90s512 |
942025? | 954170? | 1184677? | T: newhope512cca |
942953? | 970809? | 1181348? | T: C:r5nd3kem5d |
934896 | 979143 | 1060041 | mceliece460896 |
927348? | 988107? | 1183671? | mceliece460896f |
1080743 | 1094025 | 1163750 | kyber768 |
1039241 | 1233477 | 1250408 | T: C:hila5 |
1260707 | 1262699 | 1272328 | threebears1248r2ccax |
1262360 | 1267342 | 1272328 | threebears1248r2cca |
1280505 | 1284499 | 1290099 | C:threebears1248r2cpa |
1339112 | 1347032 | 1357594 | ntruhps2048509 |
1420737 | 1426381 | 1431702 | C:threebears1248r2cpax |
1440658 | 1446635 | 1731521 | sntrup653 |
1301357? | 1611984? | 1627258? | kyber1024 |
1574089 | 1627256 | 1698443 | kyber90s768 |
1656806 | 1663780 | 1672744 | T: sntrup653 |
1495940 | 1695657 | 1778993 | T: lima2p1024cca |
1511519? | 1700819? | 2201929? | mceliece6960119 |
1787682? | 1834165? | 2247483? | T: ntrukem743 |
1869000 | 1892234 | 1901210 | T: C:r5nd3kem0d |
1863995 | 1901180 | 1939361 | T: C:r5nd5kem5d |
1909147 | 1933965 | 2384607 | T: newhope1024cca |
1911771 | 2081271 | 2229221 | mceliece6960119f |
2031995 | 2160743 | 2261334 | mceliece6688128f |
2162815 | 2172110 | 2175430 | T: sntrup761 |
2159498 | 2175432 | 2306914 | T: kindi256342 |
2261756 | 2270721 | 2273712 | sntrup761 |
2265823 | 2282986 | 2292771 | T: ntruhps2048677 |
1939029? | 2300602? | 2508121? | mceliece6688128 |
1857649? | 2319155? | 2329715? | ntruhps2048677 |
2336582? | 2342126? | 2943430? | ntruhrss701 |
2370904? | 2418162? | 2966288? | T: ntskem1380 |
2514268 | 2600358 | 3056295 | mceliece8192128f |
2547304 | 2612044 | 2746848 | kyber90s1024 |
2646029 | 2692481 | 2736223 | T: C:r5nd5kem0d |
2703683 | 2711334 | 2718293 | T: sntrup857 |
2360039 | 2813829 | 2828525 | sntrup857 |
2631307 | 2886797 | 2961253 | T: kindi512241 |
2730582 | 2949382 | 3074517 | T: kindi512222 |
3227649? | 3238236? | 4037102? | T: ntruhps4096821 |
2744856 | 3297029 | 3310958 | T: sntrup953 |
3338829? | 3357283? | 4186846? | ntruhps4096821 |
3376822 | 3383712 | 3389256 | T: ntrulpr653 |
3375505? | 3585212? | 4452793? | T: lima2p2048cca |
2858302? | 3665563? | 3779449? | mceliece8192128 |
2977622? | 3716048? | 3723686? | T: sntrup1013 |
3121041 | 3737948 | 3788078 | T: lotus128 |
3829271 | 3841204 | 3872745 | sntrup1013 |
3434470 | 4125537 | 4136739 | sntrup953 |
4377989 | 4393037 | 4424752 | T: ntrulpr761 |
4317666 | 4541446 | 4600547 | T: limasp1018cca |
4379833? | 4600850? | 5983768? | T: ntskem13136 |
4753615 | 4805407 | 5894779 | T: lotus192 |
4755935 | 5195126 | 5450532 | T: kindi512321 |
5473674 | 5485291 | 5495323 | T: ntrulpr857 |
5560109 | 5586660 | 5627834 | T: hqc1281 |
5684942 | 5867553 | 6091006 | T: kindi256522 |
6480430 | 6706122 | 6768215 | T: ntrulpr953 |
6871131 | 6885886 | 6907457 | T: lotus256 |
6940574 | 7388347 | 7458840 | T: limasp1822cca |
7470197 | 7510647 | 7555794 | T: ntrulpr1013 |
8186433? | 10895421? | 11013953? | T: limasp1306cca |
12043562? | 12077347? | 15063124? | T: ntrulpr1277 |
13697710 | 13740879 | 13795657 | T: hqc1922 |
12629584 | 15143969 | 15319581 | T: hqc1921 |
14733528 | 17746158 | 17756160 | T: sntrup4591761 |
19261791 | 21263941 | 22481785 | T: limasp2062cca |
21658909 | 21769675 | 22226562 | T: C:r5n11kem0d |
22363906 | 22438612 | 22523984 | T: hqc2561 |
24879662 | 25052994 | 25835232 | T: hqc2563 |
23887946 | 25094829 | 28646595 | T: hqc2562 |
29426937? | 29488401? | 36998943? | T: ntrulpr4591761 |
29743519? | 29773717? | 37517297? | T: frodokem640 |
30129334 | 30173825 | 30513470 | T: frodokem640aes |
54631618? | 55083118? | 69454555? | T: C:r5n13kem0d |
68506809 | 69274597 | 83476443 | T: frodokem976 |
69280428 | 69505019 | 69680890 | T: frodokem976aes |
70082088 | 70381907 | 84477320 | T: frodokem640shake |
105354727 | 115066455 | 128421009 | T: C:r5n15kem0d |
130367463 | 130637732 | 137655432 | T: frodokem1344aes |
157934210 | 158223404 | 190194153 | T: frodokem976shake |
265723725 | 266296801 | 301673269 | T: sikep434 |
252001294 | 291600513 | 292565541 | T: frodokem1344shake |
409340721 | 409824333 | 430484732 | T: sikep503 |
405794028 | 413981780 | 482295600 | T: sikep434comp |
480001812 | 559261392 | 578707939 | T: sntrup1277 |
618941162 | 622970891 | 657067936 | T: sikep503comp |
848482739 | 848911957 | 869106978 | T: sikep610 |
1152479800 | 1158975189 | 1178108384 | T: sikep610comp |
1382367992 | 1401156469 | 1477636855 | T: sikep751 |
2086473951 | 2121708792 | 2177909703 | T: sikep751comp |
|
Cycles for decapsulation |
25% | 50% | 75% | system |
117869 | 117870 | 118201 | C:threebears624r2cpax |
159704 | 159705 | 160037 | C:threebears624r2cpa |
162109 | 162902 | 164221 | T: C:r5nd1kem0d |
140779 | 168812 | 169665 | C:threebears936r2cpax |
182614 | 183278 | 183943 | T: C:r5nd0kem2iot |
211216? | 212495? | 268610? | T: C:r5nd1kem5d |
216812 | 217144 | 217476 | C:threebears936r2cpa |
218345 | 219139 | 220134 | T: C:r5nd1kem4longkey |
228765 | 229097 | 229762 | C:threebears1248r2cpax |
277223 | 277623 | 278901 | C:threebears1248r2cpa |
298823 | 355932 | 357261 | T: C:hila5 |
396439? | 406857? | 500030? | T: C:r5nd3kem5d |
574404 | 574739 | 576045 | threebears624r2ccax |
684305 | 685965 | 725808 | kyber512 |
732781 | 733444 | 735105 | threebears624r2cca |
783249 | 802364 | 837369 | T: C:r5nd5kem5d |
788106 | 954697 | 970012 | T: C:r5nd3kem0d |
993093 | 994089 | 1000725 | threebears936r2ccax |
990869? | 1003805? | 1245106? | T: newhope512cca |
994419 | 1008363 | 1069282 | kyber90s512 |
912191? | 1122358? | 1150072? | T: C:r5n11kem0d |
1135861 | 1192967 | 1244433 | kyber768 |
1215884 | 1223187 | 1459711 | threebears936r2cca |
1027304? | 1285525? | 1295294? | T: ntrukem443 |
1335407 | 1359705 | 1395612 | T: C:r5nd5kem0d |
1522677 | 1524661 | 1534298 | threebears1248r2ccax |
1334361 | 1650498 | 1663780 | kyber1024 |
1678725 | 1759168 | 1805886 | kyber90s768 |
1775802? | 1830718? | 2792999? | mceliece348864 |
1826141 | 1832449 | 1839090 | threebears1248r2cca |
1870056? | 1887217? | 2353413? | T: C:r5n13kem0d |
1652505? | 2071257? | 2556265? | T: newhope1024cca |
1753624? | 2184399? | 2291640? | T: lima2p1024cca |
2215940 | 2229219 | 2244161 | mceliece348864f |
2684430 | 2703353 | 2714640 | T: kindi256342 |
2687418 | 2864051 | 2983249 | kyber90s1024 |
2567862? | 3226619? | 4047062? | T: ntrukem743 |
2937761 | 3533101 | 3536753 | sntrup653 |
3522144 | 3534762 | 3538728 | T: sntrup653 |
3666980? | 3674225? | 4757928? | T: ntskem1264 |
3421860 | 3699716 | 3830143 | T: kindi512241 |
3706585 | 3721134 | 3737767 | ntruhps2048509 |
3733958 | 3810325 | 4592916 | T: lotus128 |
3603810 | 3852822 | 3955817 | T: kindi512222 |
4183408? | 4490978? | 5556446? | T: lima2p2048cca |
4536154 | 4538458 | 4545096 | T: sntrup761 |
4538371 | 4547087 | 4660312 | sntrup761 |
4889921 | 4902896 | 4919492 | T: ntrulpr653 |
5828378 | 5838339 | 5857597 | T: sntrup857 |
5829703 | 5838666 | 5896112 | sntrup857 |
4713026? | 5885486? | 6060131? | mceliece460896 |
5897769 | 5911381 | 5950895 | mceliece460896f |
6024936 | 6050499 | 6137823 | T: lotus192 |
6371344 | 6406982 | 6440034 | T: ntrulpr761 |
4780615? | 6469519? | 7390899? | T: kindi512321 |
6489885 | 6499179 | 6506517 | ntruhps2048677 |
6037128 | 6507045 | 6592060 | T: ntskem1380 |
5115668? | 6521037? | 6730670? | mceliece6960119 |
6369489? | 6530381? | 8004812? | mceliece6960119f |
6549079 | 6560166 | 6570200 | T: ntruhps2048677 |
6653367? | 6679984? | 8623702? | mceliece8192128f |
5692545 | 6825825 | 7088746 | T: C:r5n15kem0d |
5525950? | 6951662? | 8738983? | ntruhrss701 |
4765829? | 6987155? | 7013709? | T: limasp1018cca |
6853341 | 7005408 | 7727906 | T: kindi256522 |
6658767? | 7072807? | 8455364? | mceliece6688128 |
5931000 | 7138251 | 7154820 | T: sntrup953 |
7142198 | 7149503 | 7194156 | sntrup953 |
7991104 | 8011760 | 8028073 | T: ntrulpr857 |
6414640? | 8035723? | 8058964? | T: sntrup1013 |
8031031 | 8055606 | 8102129 | sntrup1013 |
6901756 | 8368087 | 8393936 | mceliece6688128f |
7347996 | 8448059 | 8479270 | mceliece8192128 |
8851816 | 8873047 | 8928169 | T: hqc1281 |
7124589? | 8955735? | 8987609? | T: lotus256 |
9070430 | 9144874 | 9682150 | T: limasp1822cca |
9446725? | 9472523? | 11867267? | ntruhps4096821 |
9440915? | 9473655? | 11840706? | T: ntruhps4096821 |
9108445 | 9854637 | 9895747 | T: ntrulpr953 |
9481310 | 10989848 | 11040803 | T: ntrulpr1013 |
10839309? | 13524084? | 14359775? | T: limasp1306cca |
15250711? | 15284138? | 19111404? | T: ntskem13136 |
17760914 | 17787317 | 19265937 | T: ntrulpr1277 |
20747286 | 20808035 | 20907311 | T: hqc1922 |
19226266? | 23483412? | 24313605? | T: hqc1921 |
22015315 | 24170787 | 25679192 | T: limasp2062cca |
29784675 | 29931779 | 30143991 | T: frodokem640aes |
29994846 | 30054296 | 30177194 | T: frodokem640 |
33435295 | 33637848 | 35796678 | T: hqc2561 |
35680515 | 36048685 | 42851285 | T: hqc2562 |
39200936 | 39830437 | 46516186 | T: hqc2563 |
44025477 | 44141119 | 44774715 | T: ntrulpr4591761 |
43438915 | 48970151 | 52337608 | T: sntrup4591761 |
68932835 | 69116446 | 69319608 | T: frodokem976aes |
69661742 | 70369140 | 83981681 | T: frodokem640shake |
69468832 | 73765095 | 83567249 | T: frodokem976 |
130214476 | 131808110 | 150713739 | T: frodokem1344aes |
157680211 | 158048511 | 189271674 | T: frodokem976shake |
283313904 | 283933464 | 304642767 | T: sikep434 |
233595854 | 291494594 | 291965407 | T: frodokem1344shake |
299532696 | 299937805 | 320176546 | T: sikep434comp |
435354117 | 435745386 | 455946818 | T: sikep503 |
462375190 | 462982488 | 463753927 | T: sikep503comp |
853374922 | 853819885 | 866078585 | T: sikep610 |
905690263 | 906033552 | 925276885 | T: sikep610comp |
1484107273 | 1487995574 | 1505993209 | T: sikep751 |
1522817762 | 1535294521 | 1538269524 | T: sikep751comp |
1581408242 | 1757689755 | 1894546782 | T: sntrup1277 |
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