VAMPIRE	eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems	ECRYPT II

Measurements of hash functions on one machine: amd64; Coffee Lake (906ea); 2018 Intel Xeon E-2124; 4 x 3300MHz; r24000, supercop-20260330

[Page version: 20260403 18:07:40]

eBASH (ECRYPT Benchmarking of All Submitted Hashes) is a project to measure the performance of hash functions. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBASH:

• Speed (cycles/byte) of hashing an 8-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 64-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 576-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 1536-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 4096-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a long message.

Graphs show timings for all message lengths between 0 and 4096 bytes. The stair-step shape of a typical curve on the graphs reflects the fact that these hash functions handle messages in blocks, such as 64-byte blocks.

Long-message speed is computed as 1/2048 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 4096-byte messages and hashing 2048-byte messages, or (starting with supercop-20200409) 1/16384 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 18208-byte messages and hashing 1824-byte messages. Slightly different computations are used for some hash functions with non-power-of-2 block sizes.

There is a separate page with more information about each hash function and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new hash functions and new implementations should read the call for submissions.

Test results

Graphs: (bytes,cycles)

NISTLWC graphs: (bytes,cycles)

Cycles/byte for long messages 25% 50% 75% hash -0.00 0.00 0.00 T:floppsy 0.16 0.16 0.16 komihash 0.53 0.53 0.53 prh42s1024 0.53 0.53 0.53 prh42s512 0.53 0.53 0.53 prh42s256 0.53 0.53 0.54 prh64s256 0.53 0.53 0.54 prh64s512 0.53 0.54 0.54 prh64s1024 0.67 0.67 0.68 T:bebb4185 0.95 0.95 0.96 T:blake3 1.90 1.91 1.91 T:edonr512 2.11 2.12 2.12 lsh512 2.98 2.98 2.98 lsh256 2.99 2.99 3.00 T:bmw512 3.00 3.00 3.01 T:md4 3.03 3.04 3.04 T:echo256 3.14 3.15 3.15 T:blake2b 3.47 3.48 3.48 sha1 3.64 3.64 3.65 T:edonr256 3.95 3.96 3.96 T:k12 4.03 4.03 4.03 T:cubehash832 4.70 4.72 4.73 T:shabal512 4.71 4.72 4.73 T:shabal256 4.72 4.72 4.73 T:bmw256 4.73 4.74 4.75 T:keccakc256treed2 4.85 4.85 4.86 T:blake2s 4.97 4.98 4.98 md5 5.10 5.12 5.13 sha384 5.11 5.12 5.12 T:bblake256 5.20 5.21 5.23 T:skein512512 5.21 5.22 5.22 T:skein512256 5.21 5.22 5.25 T:bash256 5.24 5.24 5.25 sha512 5.33 5.34 5.35 T:sarmal256 5.42 5.43 5.44 T:tiger 5.48 5.50 5.55 T:beamsplitter 5.50 5.50 5.51 blake512 5.61 5.62 5.62 T:blake64 5.76 5.77 5.79 T:keccakc512treed2 6.19 6.19 6.20 T:blake32 6.58 6.58 6.59 T:sarmal512 6.69 6.71 6.74 T:cheetah256 6.76 6.76 6.77 blake256 6.91 6.92 6.93 T:bash384 6.94 6.94 6.95 shake128 7.04 7.04 7.04 T:keccakc256 7.05 7.06 7.07 T:cubehash512 7.06 7.07 7.08 T:cubehash1632 7.17 7.17 7.19 T:skein10241024 7.57 7.57 7.58 sha3224 7.57 7.62 7.65 T:skein256256 7.67 7.68 7.69 sha224 7.67 7.68 7.69 sha256 7.91 7.92 7.94 T:simd512 8.03 8.03 8.03 T:cubehash816 8.13 8.13 8.14 T:keccakc448 8.20 8.20 8.21 T:groestl256 8.47 8.48 8.48 sha3256 8.47 8.48 8.49 shake256 8.53 8.56 8.78 T:keccakc512 8.89 8.90 8.92 T:rfsb509 9.11 9.11 9.12 T:keccak 10.22 10.23 10.24 T:cheetah512 10.25 10.30 10.33 T:groestl512 10.39 10.39 10.40 sha3384 10.40 10.41 10.42 T:bash512 10.87 10.88 10.89 T:luffa256 11.27 11.27 11.28 T:keccakc768 10.82 11.32 11.54 T:luffa384 12.00 12.04 12.05 T:fugue2 12.34 12.35 12.35 T:ripemd160 13.06 13.07 13.09 T:jh384 13.06 13.07 13.09 T:jh512 13.07 13.08 13.09 T:jh224 13.07 13.10 13.13 T:jh256 13.40 13.40 13.41 T:fugue256 13.81 13.81 13.82 T:gimli24v1 14.04 14.04 14.06 T:shavite3256 14.51 14.52 14.53 asconxofav12 14.47 14.52 14.53 asconhashav12 14.67 14.68 14.69 T:round3jh256 14.68 14.69 14.74 T:round3jh512 14.78 14.81 15.15 sha3512 15.01 15.03 15.04 T:xoodyakv1 15.11 15.15 15.23 T:nasha256 15.41 15.43 15.44 T:nasha512 16.03 16.03 16.03 T:cubehash1616 16.06 16.06 16.06 T:cubehash88 16.09 16.10 16.12 T:keccakc1024 17.95 17.96 17.97 T:luffa512 19.63 19.63 19.64 T:fugue384 19.71 19.72 19.73 T:lane256 19.84 19.85 19.86 T:hamsi 21.36 21.38 21.39 T:whirlpool 21.73 21.75 21.76 asconxofv12 21.73 21.75 21.76 asconhashv12 22.08 22.10 22.26 T:echosp256 22.39 22.41 22.43 T:md6d224 23.19 23.20 23.21 T:shavite3512 24.12 24.15 24.29 T:md6d256 25.12 25.13 25.14 T:shamashashv1 25.14 25.16 25.19 T:simd256 25.62 25.66 25.67 T:fugue512 26.96 26.99 27.11 asconhashabi32v12 27.84 27.85 27.86 T:lane512 31.11 31.13 31.24 T:md6d384 32.06 32.06 32.07 T:cubehash168 32.11 32.11 32.12 T:cubehash84 32.43 32.50 32.75 T:essence512 32.50 32.71 32.77 T:essence384 32.83 32.84 32.85 T:echosp512 32.66 32.99 33.40 T:fsb256 33.49 33.56 33.64 T:atelopus64 34.01 34.03 34.05 T:esch256v1 34.05 34.10 34.18 T:atelopus32 34.14 34.19 34.23 T:esch256v2 34.63 34.64 34.66 T:mgrostl256 35.96 35.98 36.00 T:sneikha256 40.07 40.14 40.86 asconhashbi32v12 41.02 41.04 41.18 T:mcssha4 41.01 41.07 41.18 T:mcssha5 41.01 41.11 41.22 T:mcssha6 41.12 41.25 41.41 T:echo512 42.06 42.09 42.36 T:essence256 42.13 42.34 42.37 T:essence224 43.20 43.23 43.25 T:saturninhashv2 44.49 44.51 44.53 T:romulush 47.44 47.53 48.30 T:esch384v1 47.78 48.19 48.25 T:esch384v2 51.89 51.92 51.95 T:drygascon128 62.32 62.35 62.37 T:drygascon256 64.12 64.12 64.13 T:cubehash164 64.51 64.53 64.56 T:cubehash82 65.46 65.55 66.08 T:coral256v1 70.42 70.43 70.44 T:knot256v2 71.92 71.96 72.02 T:sneikha384 74.91 74.92 74.93 T:triadhashv1 112.24 112.30 112.40 T:knot256v1 124.87 124.89 125.06 T:cubehash162 129.01 129.04 129.22 T:cubehash81 144.71 144.75 145.03 T:clxhash 206.58 206.64 207.01 T:syconhash256v1 229.89 230.92 231.53 T:knot512 225.21 231.63 232.46 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 244.02 244.11 244.49 T:cubehash161 251.07 251.13 251.57 T:knot384 317.16 320.54 328.76 T:fsb512 813.49 818.75 824.92 T:subterraneanv1 889.44 889.94 922.34 T:heron256v1 970.89 971.77 972.39 T:skinnyhashtk3 1073.88 1074.22 1074.62 T:acehash256v1 1215.79 1217.44 1217.89 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1988.28 1990.67 2008.40 T:skinnyhashtk2 2135.93 2141.25 2177.16 T:gage1h256c256r128 2696.58 2697.37 2697.68 T:orangishv1 3187.32 3191.88 3218.87 T:gage1h256c224r064 3578.98 3585.23 3647.83 T:gage1h256c256r064 4713.65 4714.01 4715.04 T:gage1h256c224r032 5636.61 5642.54 5649.36 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 6371.11 6381.98 6440.32 T:gage1h256c256r032 6442.68 6442.82 6443.39 T:gage1h256c512r064 10386.96 10453.19 10547.41 T:gage1h256c224r016 11911.78 11913.49 11923.40 T:gage1h256c512r032 12321.42 12328.93 12334.41 T:gage1h256c256r016 19859.11 19886.00 20099.51 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 4096 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.01 0.01 0.01 T:floppsy 0.17 0.17 0.17 komihash 0.61 0.61 0.62 prh42s256 0.62 0.63 0.63 prh64s256 0.64 0.65 0.65 prh42s512 0.69 0.69 0.70 prh64s512 0.69 0.70 0.71 T:bebb4185 0.71 0.71 0.72 prh42s1024 0.81 0.82 0.83 prh64s1024 1.57 1.57 1.58 T:blake3 2.04 2.05 2.06 T:edonr512 2.28 2.28 2.29 lsh512 3.08 3.08 3.09 T:md4 3.15 3.15 3.15 lsh256 3.15 3.16 3.16 T:blake2b 3.24 3.25 3.26 T:echo256 3.25 3.26 3.26 T:bmw512 3.74 3.74 3.75 T:edonr256 3.96 3.97 3.98 sha1 4.04 4.04 4.05 T:k12 4.43 4.44 4.44 T:cubehash832 4.86 4.86 4.87 T:blake2s 4.93 4.93 4.94 T:bmw256 5.05 5.06 5.07 T:shabal256 5.06 5.07 5.07 T:shabal512 5.07 5.07 5.08 md5 5.32 5.33 5.36 T:skein512512 5.32 5.33 5.35 T:skein512256 5.40 5.41 5.43 T:bash256 5.45 5.45 5.46 sha512 5.50 5.50 5.51 T:keccakc256treed2 5.56 5.56 5.57 T:sarmal256 5.60 5.61 5.62 T:tiger 5.62 5.64 5.65 T:beamsplitter 5.64 5.65 5.66 T:bblake256 5.73 5.75 5.75 blake512 5.79 5.80 5.81 sha384 5.84 5.84 5.86 T:blake64 6.32 6.33 6.34 T:blake32 6.61 6.61 6.62 T:keccakc512treed2 6.85 6.86 6.87 T:sarmal512 6.92 6.92 6.93 blake256 7.03 7.03 7.04 T:bash384 7.03 7.05 7.09 T:cheetah256 7.08 7.09 7.09 shake128 7.22 7.22 7.23 T:keccakc256 7.24 7.26 7.27 T:cubehash512 7.51 7.51 7.52 T:skein10241024 7.69 7.70 7.71 T:cubehash1632 7.73 7.73 7.74 sha3224 7.72 7.77 7.78 T:skein256256 8.24 8.25 8.27 sha224 8.24 8.26 8.27 sha256 8.29 8.31 8.32 T:simd512 8.31 8.31 8.32 T:keccakc448 8.45 8.45 8.45 T:cubehash816 8.55 8.56 8.57 T:groestl256 8.77 8.78 8.79 shake256 8.77 8.78 8.79 sha3256 8.87 8.88 9.10 T:keccakc512 9.42 9.43 9.44 T:rfsb509 9.43 9.43 9.44 T:keccak 10.55 10.56 10.57 sha3384 10.59 10.61 10.62 T:bash512 10.82 10.83 10.83 T:cheetah512 11.12 11.13 11.15 T:luffa256 11.22 11.27 11.29 T:groestl512 11.48 11.49 11.50 T:keccakc768 11.22 11.61 12.04 T:luffa384 12.57 12.58 12.60 T:ripemd160 13.10 13.12 13.14 T:fugue2 13.28 13.29 13.32 T:jh512 13.28 13.29 13.31 T:jh224 13.28 13.29 13.31 T:jh384 13.30 13.32 13.34 T:jh256 13.79 13.79 13.81 T:fugue256 13.97 13.98 13.98 T:gimli24v1 14.27 14.28 14.29 T:shavite3256 14.66 14.68 14.69 asconxofav12 14.63 14.68 14.70 asconhashav12 14.91 14.92 15.22 sha3512 14.94 14.95 14.97 T:round3jh256 14.95 14.97 15.01 T:round3jh512 15.14 15.16 15.18 T:xoodyakv1 15.40 15.44 15.51 T:nasha256 15.99 16.01 16.03 T:nasha512 16.24 16.25 16.27 T:keccakc1024 16.47 16.47 16.48 T:cubehash88 16.79 16.80 16.80 T:cubehash1616 18.44 18.46 18.47 T:luffa512 19.94 19.95 19.98 T:hamsi 20.31 20.32 20.33 T:fugue384 20.39 20.40 20.41 T:lane256 21.78 21.80 21.82 T:whirlpool 21.93 21.95 21.97 asconxofv12 21.93 21.95 21.97 asconhashv12 22.63 22.69 22.71 T:md6d224 23.09 23.15 23.25 T:echosp256 23.94 23.94 23.96 T:shavite3512 24.38 24.45 24.56 T:md6d256 25.38 25.40 25.42 T:shamashashv1 25.56 25.59 25.62 T:simd256 26.61 26.65 26.66 T:fugue512 27.35 27.37 27.81 asconhashabi32v12 29.67 29.68 29.70 T:lane512 31.42 31.47 31.50 T:md6d384 32.54 32.54 32.55 T:cubehash84 32.84 32.84 32.85 T:cubehash168 33.64 33.72 33.89 T:essence512 33.70 33.88 33.95 T:essence384 34.08 34.09 34.10 T:echosp512 33.89 34.11 34.17 T:fsb256 34.32 34.39 34.44 T:esch256v1 34.44 34.47 34.51 T:esch256v2 35.29 35.35 35.44 T:atelopus64 35.75 35.88 35.99 T:atelopus32 36.27 36.28 36.30 T:sneikha256 36.51 36.53 36.55 T:mgrostl256 40.57 40.59 41.18 asconhashbi32v12 41.76 41.77 41.79 T:mcssha4 41.79 41.88 42.01 T:mcssha6 42.42 42.44 42.55 T:mcssha5 42.75 42.84 42.94 T:echo512 42.89 42.90 43.12 T:essence256 42.95 43.15 43.18 T:essence224 43.60 43.62 43.65 T:saturninhashv2 44.91 44.93 44.95 T:romulush 47.99 48.02 48.65 T:esch384v1 48.27 48.67 48.70 T:esch384v2 52.00 52.02 52.04 T:drygascon128 62.75 62.77 62.80 T:drygascon256 64.90 64.90 64.91 T:cubehash164 64.93 64.95 64.98 T:cubehash82 66.01 66.15 66.69 T:coral256v1 71.03 71.04 71.05 T:knot256v2 72.80 72.84 72.88 T:sneikha384 75.12 75.13 75.14 T:triadhashv1 112.51 112.57 112.63 T:knot256v1 126.16 126.19 126.23 T:cubehash162 129.44 129.47 129.49 T:cubehash81 144.91 144.94 144.98 T:clxhash 208.66 208.69 208.72 T:syconhash256v1 225.47 231.16 231.22 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 230.96 231.76 232.34 T:knot512 245.27 245.37 245.46 T:cubehash161 251.64 251.68 251.72 T:knot384 825.01 833.87 835.12 T:subterraneanv1 903.35 903.64 925.20 T:heron256v1 977.78 979.60 981.39 T:skinnyhashtk3 1083.67 1084.21 1085.83 T:acehash256v1 1214.62 1215.34 1216.64 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1993.62 1994.86 2009.40 T:skinnyhashtk2 2164.53 2166.45 2196.29 T:gage1h256c256r128 2718.18 2718.59 2718.71 T:orangishv1 3221.41 3223.22 3247.92 T:gage1h256c224r064 3620.44 3621.66 3677.28 T:gage1h256c256r064 4754.92 4756.27 4756.98 T:gage1h256c224r032 5638.22 5641.59 5644.84 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 6433.44 6438.26 6491.81 T:gage1h256c256r032 6505.62 6505.73 6505.96 T:gage1h256c512r064 9676.08 9678.29 9689.48 T:fsb512 10483.97 10539.81 10618.76 T:gage1h256c224r016 12019.31 12020.67 12026.16 T:gage1h256c512r032 12424.78 12431.42 12435.38 T:gage1h256c256r016 20041.93 20047.31 20220.16 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 1536 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.03 0.03 0.03 T:floppsy 0.19 0.20 0.20 komihash 0.75 0.76 0.77 prh42s256 0.76 0.77 0.80 T:bebb4185 0.79 0.81 0.82 prh64s256 0.83 0.84 0.86 prh42s512 0.96 0.97 0.98 prh64s512 0.99 1.00 1.03 prh42s1024 1.28 1.29 1.32 prh64s1024 2.18 2.19 2.22 T:edonr512 2.55 2.56 2.57 lsh512 3.16 3.17 3.18 T:blake2b 3.21 3.23 3.24 T:md4 3.31 3.32 3.33 lsh256 3.36 3.37 3.37 T:blake3 3.59 3.60 3.62 T:bmw512 3.68 3.70 3.73 T:echo256 3.91 3.93 3.97 T:edonr256 4.48 4.49 4.50 T:k12 4.79 4.80 4.83 sha1 4.87 4.88 4.89 T:blake2s 5.11 5.12 5.13 T:cubehash832 5.23 5.23 5.24 md5 5.28 5.29 5.31 T:bmw256 5.49 5.51 5.53 T:skein512256 5.50 5.52 5.54 T:skein512512 5.60 5.62 5.65 T:shabal256 5.62 5.65 5.74 T:shabal512 5.71 5.73 5.75 T:bash256 5.77 5.78 5.80 sha512 5.86 5.88 5.92 T:beamsplitter 5.91 5.92 5.94 T:tiger 5.97 5.98 6.00 T:sarmal256 6.13 6.15 6.16 blake512 6.22 6.24 6.26 T:blake64 6.40 6.41 6.42 T:keccakc256treed2 6.51 6.53 6.55 T:bblake256 6.53 6.54 6.55 T:blake32 6.97 7.01 7.05 sha384 7.18 7.18 7.20 blake256 7.33 7.34 7.37 T:sarmal512 7.37 7.38 7.40 T:keccakc512treed2 7.44 7.47 7.49 T:bash384 7.53 7.58 7.60 T:cubehash512 7.57 7.58 7.59 shake128 7.65 7.67 7.72 T:cheetah256 7.73 7.74 7.76 T:keccakc256 7.86 7.87 7.88 sha3224 7.95 7.98 8.01 T:skein256256 8.02 8.04 8.08 T:skein10241024 8.43 8.44 8.44 T:keccakc448 8.74 8.76 8.77 T:cubehash1632 8.91 8.93 8.95 T:simd512 9.08 9.08 9.09 sha3256 9.08 9.09 9.11 shake256 9.12 9.12 9.14 T:cubehash816 9.11 9.13 9.17 T:groestl256 9.18 9.20 9.24 sha256 9.17 9.20 9.23 sha224 9.19 9.21 9.41 T:keccakc512 9.94 9.95 9.97 T:keccak 10.35 10.37 10.40 T:rfsb509 10.59 10.60 10.62 sha3384 10.90 10.91 10.94 T:bash512 11.51 11.54 11.56 T:luffa256 11.58 11.60 11.61 T:keccakc768 11.67 11.68 11.70 T:cheetah512 11.77 12.18 12.37 T:luffa384 12.84 12.87 12.93 T:groestl512 12.96 12.97 13.00 T:ripemd160 13.64 13.68 13.71 T:jh384 13.65 13.68 13.72 T:jh512 13.66 13.69 13.72 T:jh224 13.67 13.69 13.72 T:jh256 14.20 14.22 14.23 T:gimli24v1 14.42 14.43 14.44 T:fugue256 14.66 14.68 14.70 T:shavite3256 14.85 14.89 14.93 asconhashav12 14.88 14.92 14.96 asconxofav12 15.02 15.06 15.11 T:fugue2 15.33 15.35 15.39 T:xoodyakv1 15.38 15.41 15.71 sha3512 15.39 15.41 15.44 T:round3jh256 15.41 15.44 15.48 T:round3jh512 15.88 15.92 15.97 T:nasha256 16.82 16.84 16.85 T:keccakc1024 16.90 16.93 16.97 T:nasha512 17.15 17.15 17.16 T:cubehash88 18.07 18.08 18.08 T:cubehash1616 19.25 19.27 19.30 T:luffa512 20.10 20.14 20.17 T:hamsi 21.45 21.47 21.48 T:fugue384 21.51 21.53 21.55 T:lane256 22.24 22.28 22.31 asconxofv12 22.25 22.29 22.31 asconhashv12 22.47 22.48 22.50 T:whirlpool 22.32 22.49 22.52 T:md6d224 22.97 22.98 23.02 T:echosp256 24.09 24.23 24.33 T:md6d256 25.19 25.20 25.22 T:shavite3512 25.85 25.87 25.90 T:shamashashv1 26.25 26.28 26.32 T:simd256 27.85 27.88 27.91 asconhashabi32v12 28.26 28.29 28.32 T:fugue512 30.93 31.00 31.09 T:md6d384 32.67 32.68 32.71 T:lane512 33.21 33.22 33.23 T:cubehash84 34.09 34.10 34.11 T:cubehash168 34.71 34.79 34.85 T:esch256v1 34.90 34.95 35.02 T:esch256v2 35.65 35.82 35.95 T:essence512 35.72 35.85 35.99 T:essence384 36.77 36.80 36.83 T:sneikha256 37.32 37.34 37.36 T:echosp512 38.12 38.23 38.46 T:atelopus64 38.15 38.44 38.57 T:fsb256 38.46 38.62 38.83 T:atelopus32 39.54 39.60 39.64 T:mgrostl256 41.23 41.31 42.11 asconhashbi32v12 42.94 42.96 42.98 T:mcssha4 43.02 43.09 43.15 T:mcssha6 44.18 44.23 44.44 T:essence256 44.25 44.28 44.32 T:saturninhashv2 44.23 44.41 44.45 T:essence224 44.69 44.71 44.83 T:mcssha5 45.38 45.52 45.63 T:echo512 45.58 45.62 45.67 T:romulush 48.77 48.81 49.41 T:esch384v1 49.09 49.45 49.51 T:esch384v2 52.23 52.30 52.37 T:drygascon128 63.50 63.54 63.58 T:drygascon256 65.62 65.63 65.65 T:cubehash82 66.19 66.20 66.21 T:cubehash164 66.95 67.14 67.67 T:coral256v1 72.06 72.08 72.08 T:knot256v2 74.25 74.31 74.37 T:sneikha384 75.49 75.50 75.51 T:triadhashv1 112.91 112.98 113.05 T:knot256v1 128.22 128.30 128.38 T:cubehash162 130.15 130.17 130.21 T:cubehash81 145.25 145.30 145.38 T:clxhash 212.14 212.17 212.23 T:syconhash256v1 225.07 230.46 230.52 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 232.62 233.45 234.10 T:knot512 247.33 247.42 247.53 T:cubehash161 253.12 253.16 253.21 T:knot384 831.89 837.08 838.17 T:subterraneanv1 927.15 927.32 956.40 T:heron256v1 989.82 991.48 992.09 T:skinnyhashtk3 1101.34 1101.61 1102.35 T:acehash256v1 1212.18 1213.13 1214.14 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1999.06 2001.93 2015.29 T:skinnyhashtk2 2205.55 2209.29 2237.66 T:gage1h256c256r128 2751.50 2751.82 2756.10 T:orangishv1 3272.29 3276.76 3299.46 T:gage1h256c224r064 3679.42 3685.22 3737.56 T:gage1h256c256r064 4821.49 4825.38 4827.31 T:gage1h256c224r032 5624.40 5629.67 5633.19 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 6527.28 6532.35 6584.12 T:gage1h256c256r032 6610.46 6611.99 6612.77 T:gage1h256c512r064 10627.14 10685.27 10764.63 T:gage1h256c224r016 12190.13 12196.52 12201.06 T:gage1h256c512r032 12595.80 12601.61 12606.45 T:gage1h256c256r016 20308.54 20317.03 20506.37 T:gage1h256c224r008 25255.56 25269.51 25286.53 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 576 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.07? 0.07? 0.08? T:floppsy 0.26 0.26 0.27 komihash 0.91? 0.97? 1.03? T:bebb4185 1.06 1.07 1.10 prh42s256 1.25 1.27 1.32 prh64s256 1.30 1.31 1.38 prh42s512 1.67 1.69 1.74 prh64s512 1.87 1.90 1.93 prh42s1024 2.48 2.49 2.50 T:edonr512 2.55 2.59 2.64 prh64s1024 3.03 3.05 3.09 lsh512 3.29 3.30 3.31 T:blake3 3.50 3.51 3.52 lsh256 3.55 3.58 3.59 T:blake2b 3.58 3.60 3.64 T:md4 4.30 4.32 4.36 T:bmw512 4.37 4.40 4.46 T:edonr256 4.47 4.52 4.66 T:echo256 4.88 4.90 4.93 T:k12 4.91 4.92 4.93 T:blake2s 5.66 5.67 5.69 md5 5.94 5.96 5.98 T:bmw256 5.96 5.98 6.01 T:bash256 5.97 6.01 6.06 T:skein512256 6.00 6.03 6.09 T:skein512512 6.03 6.10 6.39 T:beamsplitter 6.10 6.11 6.12 sha512 6.29 6.31 6.33 blake512 6.30 6.32 6.34 T:sarmal256 6.47 6.49 6.54 T:tiger 6.63 6.65 6.70 T:blake64 6.66 6.66 6.67 T:cubehash832 6.96 6.98 7.02 sha1 7.03 7.09 7.14 T:shabal256 7.10 7.12 7.14 T:blake32 7.10 7.15 7.24 T:shabal512 7.66 7.70 7.75 T:sarmal512 7.87 7.88 7.89 blake256 8.14 8.15 8.17 shake128 8.25 8.29 8.32 T:skein256256 8.28 8.30 8.34 T:cheetah256 8.28 8.32 8.35 T:bash384 8.32 8.32 8.34 T:keccakc256 8.38 8.45 8.49 T:cubehash512 8.55 8.57 8.60 T:keccakc256treed2 9.07 9.08 9.10 T:bblake256 9.49 9.59 9.61 sha384 9.56 9.60 9.65 sha3224 9.93 9.98 10.05 T:skein10241024 10.06 10.10 10.16 sha3256 10.14 10.17 10.20 shake256 10.25 10.28 10.30 T:keccak 10.33 10.33 10.37 T:keccakc448 10.27 10.36 10.55 T:keccakc512 10.40 10.41 10.47 T:groestl256 10.92 10.93 10.95 T:cubehash816 11.16 11.18 11.24 T:simd512 11.17 11.20 11.26 T:keccakc512treed2 11.41 11.42 11.45 sha3384 11.58 11.63 11.66 T:cubehash1632 11.69 11.73 11.78 T:bash512 11.82 11.85 11.91 sha224 11.84 11.88 11.92 sha256 12.34 12.37 12.41 T:keccakc768 12.56 12.59 12.62 T:luffa256 12.64 12.64 12.68 T:cheetah512 12.88 12.91 13.00 T:rfsb509 13.54 13.78 13.87 T:luffa384 13.98 14.02 14.12 T:ripemd160 14.63 14.68 14.74 T:jh512 14.65 14.69 14.72 T:jh384 14.66 14.69 14.74 T:jh256 14.67 14.71 14.76 T:jh224 14.80 14.85 14.89 T:gimli24v1 15.52 15.56 15.60 asconhashav12 15.54 15.58 15.62 asconxofav12 15.68 15.71 15.76 T:shavite3256 15.84 15.90 15.94 T:xoodyakv1 15.91 15.95 16.03 T:groestl512 16.13 16.14 16.16 T:fugue256 16.52 16.56 16.64 T:round3jh256 16.63 16.66 16.69 T:round3jh512 16.90 16.93 17.19 sha3512 17.12 17.23 17.32 T:nasha256 17.66 17.70 17.75 T:nasha512 18.63 18.65 18.70 T:keccakc1024 18.98 18.99 19.00 T:cubehash88 19.95 20.01 20.32 T:fugue2 20.44 20.51 20.59 T:hamsi 21.39 21.42 21.46 T:luffa512 21.41 21.43 21.45 T:cubehash1616 23.06 23.11 23.17 asconhashv12 23.08 23.13 23.19 asconxofv12 24.22 24.23 24.27 T:whirlpool 24.46 24.50 24.55 T:fugue384 24.46 24.51 24.56 T:lane256 25.92 25.93 25.97 T:shavite3512 26.28 26.33 26.41 T:echosp256 26.96 27.01 27.06 T:shamashashv1 28.12 28.17 28.22 T:simd256 29.18 29.26 29.81 asconhashabi32v12 32.57 32.63 32.68 T:fugue512 35.03 35.05 35.09 T:cubehash84 35.89 35.95 36.07 T:esch256v1 36.02 36.15 36.32 T:esch256v2 37.48 37.49 37.52 T:cubehash168 38.09 38.15 38.22 T:sneikha256 40.85 41.01 41.33 T:essence512 40.93 41.13 41.38 T:essence384 42.90 42.98 43.67 asconhashbi32v12 43.59 43.71 43.82 T:mgrostl256 43.78 43.82 43.87 T:lane512 44.47 44.55 44.62 T:echosp512 44.83 45.25 45.31 T:md6d224 45.76 45.98 46.39 T:fsb256 45.98 46.05 46.15 T:saturninhashv2 46.10 46.15 46.22 T:mcssha4 46.25 46.36 46.46 T:mcssha6 47.38 47.45 47.59 T:romulush 47.31 47.56 47.75 T:echo512 47.64 47.70 47.88 T:essence256 47.72 47.90 47.96 T:essence224 48.21 48.68 48.91 T:md6d256 49.83 50.09 50.37 T:atelopus32 50.76 50.83 50.94 T:mcssha5 50.89 51.00 51.57 T:esch384v1 51.23 51.58 51.70 T:esch384v2 52.72 52.85 52.98 T:drygascon128 57.32 57.48 57.72 T:atelopus64 62.02 62.19 62.44 T:md6d384 65.44 65.53 65.59 T:drygascon256 67.46 67.48 67.50 T:cubehash82 69.31 69.48 69.87 T:coral256v1 69.54 69.56 69.58 T:cubehash164 74.46 74.47 74.49 T:knot256v2 76.11 76.15 76.18 T:triadhashv1 78.09 78.17 78.27 T:sneikha384 114.02 114.17 114.99 T:knot256v1 132.01 132.06 132.13 T:cubehash81 133.79 133.85 133.96 T:cubehash162 146.16 146.27 146.33 T:clxhash 221.25 221.35 221.74 T:syconhash256v1 223.30 228.41 228.53 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 237.86 238.30 238.71 T:knot512 252.72 252.93 253.17 T:cubehash161 256.50 256.54 256.58 T:knot384 845.56 846.36 847.08 T:subterraneanv1 990.71 990.94 992.81 T:heron256v1 1023.59 1025.20 1025.56 T:skinnyhashtk3 1148.12 1148.48 1148.63 T:acehash256v1 1207.11 1208.06 1209.09 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 2016.51 2019.47 2034.91 T:skinnyhashtk2 2316.84 2320.42 2350.50 T:gage1h256c256r128 2844.89 2845.19 2845.58 T:orangishv1 3411.10 3415.77 3443.81 T:gage1h256c224r064 3836.55 3843.38 3892.55 T:gage1h256c256r064 5005.36 5005.43 5010.47 T:gage1h256c224r032 5598.39 5604.37 5609.39 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 6774.37 6784.21 6834.51 T:gage1h256c256r032 6886.18 6886.27 6896.89 T:gage1h256c512r064 11013.48 11071.81 11153.69 T:gage1h256c224r016 12653.84 12663.58 12669.64 T:gage1h256c512r032 13049.83 13057.85 13070.54 T:gage1h256c256r016 21021.69 21031.05 21226.05 T:gage1h256c224r008 66858.46 66884.77 66913.42 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 64 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.66 0.67 0.67 T:floppsy 1.10 1.12 1.22 komihash 2.99 3.03 3.23 T:bebb4185 3.97 4.06 4.14 T:blake3 5.47 5.48 5.51 T:blake2s 6.29 6.53 6.84 prh42s256 7.04 7.06 7.12 T:blake2b 7.14 7.16 7.20 T:edonr512 7.25 7.32 7.64 prh64s256 7.63 7.71 7.83 lsh256 7.79 7.96 8.26 prh42s512 8.33 8.39 8.78 T:md4 9.69 9.75 9.97 T:edonr256 10.14? 10.37? 11.32? T:beamsplitter 10.47 10.53 10.62 lsh512 11.20 11.26 11.39 md5 11.84 11.96 12.34 T:skein512256 11.87 11.99 12.40 prh64s512 11.91 12.04 12.15 T:bash256 12.02 12.12 12.23 T:bash384 11.95 12.18 12.85 T:skein512512 12.07 12.36 13.20 T:echo256 12.49 12.53 12.65 sha512 12.39 12.83 13.18 prh42s1024 12.85 12.96 13.15 blake512 13.36 13.46 13.59 T:skein256256 13.39 13.52 13.77 T:k12 14.39 14.45 14.63 T:sarmal256 14.44 14.51 14.73 T:blake32 14.42 14.52 14.63 T:bmw512 14.64 14.76 15.11 T:tiger 14.90 15.02 15.17 T:blake64 15.59 15.74 15.96 T:bmw256 16.94 16.98 17.10 blake256 16.96 17.06 17.34 T:sarmal512 18.01 18.14 18.33 sha3224 18.00 18.15 18.58 sha3384 18.10 18.37 18.59 sha3256 18.24 18.53 18.73 sha3512 18.43 18.55 18.77 shake256 18.67 18.74 18.80 shake128 19.33 19.35 19.47 T:keccakc1024 19.33 19.39 19.58 T:keccakc448 19.40 19.42 19.44 T:keccakc768 19.43 19.47 19.69 T:keccak 19.33 19.50 19.84 T:keccakc512 19.51 19.61 19.85 T:cubehash512 19.17 19.65 19.79 T:cheetah256 19.73 19.77 19.95 T:keccakc256 20.40 20.61 20.77 T:xoodyakv1 20.44 20.66 21.02 T:gimli24v1 21.13 21.34 21.73 prh64s1024 22.21 22.34 22.50 T:bash512 23.39 23.54 23.69 T:luffa256 23.75 24.23 24.72 asconxofav12 23.74 24.32 24.71 asconhashav12 25.45 25.64 26.46 T:shabal256 25.62 26.27 27.03 T:shabal512 26.37 26.60 26.90 T:hamsi 26.97 26.98 27.21 T:cheetah512 27.18 27.29 27.60 T:ripemd160 27.50 27.51 27.61 T:cubehash832 27.45 27.53 27.69 T:jh256 27.38 27.57 27.88 T:jh384 27.34 27.60 28.05 T:jh512 27.42 27.67 28.08 T:jh224 28.01 28.10 28.32 T:groestl256 28.97 29.00 29.09 T:shavite3256 29.26 29.56 29.86 T:luffa384 31.39 31.51 31.75 T:round3jh256 31.56 31.63 31.73 T:cubehash816 31.62 31.73 32.09 T:skein10241024 31.73 32.36 32.58 T:round3jh512 33.41 33.79 34.49 T:nasha256 33.57 33.86 34.14 asconhashv12 33.65 34.24 34.76 asconxofv12 34.65 34.85 35.11 sha1 35.76 36.02 36.36 T:nasha512 36.98 37.14 37.50 T:simd512 37.92 38.02 38.15 T:fugue256 38.73 38.86 39.20 T:shamashashv1 39.90 40.08 40.52 T:rfsb509 40.28 40.42 40.75 T:bblake256 42.12 42.19 42.37 T:cubehash88 42.05 42.65 43.74 sha384 43.29 43.83 44.11 asconhashabi32v12 45.32 45.46 45.68 sha224 45.38 45.78 46.55 sha256 45.97 46.13 46.35 T:luffa512 46.74 46.79 46.94 T:whirlpool 47.62 47.65 47.87 T:cubehash1632 47.83 47.91 48.02 T:shavite3512 48.40 48.95 49.59 T:esch256v1 48.85 49.30 49.73 T:esch256v2 51.38 51.53 51.72 T:simd256 51.74 51.93 52.22 T:keccakc512treed2 51.88 52.03 52.31 T:keccakc256treed2 55.15 55.38 55.68 T:sneikha256 55.80 55.89 56.04 T:cubehash84 56.24 56.43 56.81 T:drygascon128 60.54 60.69 60.97 T:fugue384 60.65 60.96 61.71 T:groestl512 61.17 61.37 61.79 asconhashbi32v12 61.79 61.85 62.10 T:cubehash1616 62.38 62.55 63.06 T:lane256 67.39 68.32 69.04 T:saturninhashv2 70.18 70.59 70.95 T:romulush 77.96 78.08 78.33 T:cubehash168 77.64 78.15 78.77 T:esch384v1 78.44 78.96 79.50 T:esch384v2 81.20 81.51 81.71 T:echosp256 81.86 82.23 82.94 T:fugue2 85.33 85.45 85.62 T:triadhashv1 86.51 86.80 87.15 T:mcssha4 87.70 88.09 88.53 T:mcssha6 88.17 88.38 88.93 T:fugue512 89.29 89.52 89.92 T:drygascon256 90.47 90.52 90.72 T:cubehash82 90.73 91.08 91.60 T:echo512 91.95 92.20 92.72 T:essence256 91.95 92.26 92.69 T:essence224 99.31 99.85 100.57 T:coral256v1 102.90 103.25 103.67 T:echosp512 105.06 105.71 106.52 T:essence384 105.02 105.78 107.00 T:essence512 106.72 106.80 107.32 T:knot256v2 112.54 112.73 112.93 T:cubehash164 113.90 114.62 115.85 T:mgrostl256 126.92 127.33 127.70 T:sneikha384 127.34 127.67 128.43 T:fsb256 127.81 128.48 129.22 T:knot256v1 128.31 128.62 129.10 T:mcssha5 144.46 148.11 148.62 T:md6d224 154.84 154.94 155.35 T:cubehash81 158.06 158.36 158.73 T:clxhash 154.93 158.85 160.18 T:md6d256 171.29 171.35 171.61 T:lane512 178.32 179.24 180.37 T:atelopus32 198.17 198.85 201.93 T:md6d384 198.30 202.85 203.20 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 205.37 205.70 206.00 T:cubehash162 250.53 251.98 253.40 T:atelopus64 283.48 283.68 284.05 T:knot384 290.62 291.90 293.75 T:knot512 322.82 323.18 323.93 T:cubehash161 337.51 337.81 338.20 T:syconhash256v1 954.49 955.85 957.20 T:subterraneanv1 1153.08 1154.09 1155.66 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1455.82 1457.75 1458.76 T:skinnyhashtk3 1748.45 1748.95 1749.50 T:acehash256v1 1804.17 1805.26 1807.35 T:heron256v1 2238.30 2239.49 2256.16 T:skinnyhashtk2 3744.01 3748.82 3775.48 T:gage1h256c256r128 4042.93 4043.84 4044.97 T:orangishv1 5183.90 5185.63 5255.08 T:gage1h256c224r064 5287.86 5292.98 5296.51 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 5859.85 5890.16 5898.56 T:gage1h256c256r064 7363.55 7364.26 7365.18 T:gage1h256c224r032 9961.49 9968.31 10056.84 T:gage1h256c256r032 10465.61 10465.91 10466.49 T:gage1h256c512r064 15894.04 16012.89 16142.23 T:gage1h256c224r016 18608.83 18611.74 18622.08 T:gage1h256c512r032 18858.91 18868.50 18876.02 T:gage1h256c256r016 30122.43 30168.97 30438.58 T:gage1h256c224r008 599188.57 599372.01 599772.92 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 8 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 5.25 5.38 5.38 T:floppsy 6.61 6.65 6.92 komihash 18.91 19.00 19.09 T:bebb4185 35.80 36.11 36.77 T:blake3 41.17? 42.06? 45.80? T:beamsplitter 42.10 42.45 44.38 T:md4 42.96 43.93 46.86 prh42s256 46.79 46.88 47.99 T:edonr256 47.12 47.25 47.73 T:blake2s 51.03 51.36 52.58 md5 53.91 54.46 55.94 prh64s256 57.08 57.39 57.77 T:edonr512 59.07 59.25 59.93 T:blake2b 59.81 61.11 63.04 prh42s512 61.03 63.22 66.62 T:gimli24v1 63.69 64.25 64.92 lsh256 69.03 70.15 71.27 T:tiger 71.21 71.57 74.07 T:blake32 72.07 72.47 74.01 T:xoodyakv1 71.23 72.86 74.98 T:hamsi 76.06 76.70 78.68 T:skein256256 84.16 84.74 85.80 lsh512 85.88 86.99 88.50 T:bmw256 86.64 87.10 87.51 blake256 90.03 91.79 95.65 asconhashav12 91.07 92.42 95.10 asconxofav12 91.12 92.42 94.50 prh64s512 94.92 95.81 100.64 T:skein512256 95.64 96.61 97.67 T:bash512 95.17 97.20 101.20 T:skein512512 97.20 97.82 98.56 T:bash256 97.34 97.97 98.97 T:bash384 96.98 99.03 103.06 prh42s1024 99.70 100.14 102.27 sha512 97.54 100.70 105.98 T:echo256 102.46 103.18 105.34 T:luffa256 102.90 104.39 105.34 T:cubehash512 103.24 105.47 109.56 blake512 106.02 106.85 109.19 T:k12 114.97 115.67 116.54 T:bmw512 117.92 118.82 122.44 T:ripemd160 118.06 119.10 120.75 T:blake64 120.43 121.00 123.41 asconhashv12 120.45 121.57 124.29 asconxofv12 121.65 122.01 123.90 T:shavite3256 125.86 126.82 129.65 T:shamashashv1 130.06 130.79 131.54 T:sarmal256 141.15 143.45 146.94 T:drygascon128 142.83 143.51 144.54 sha3224 143.55 143.88 144.70 T:cheetah256 143.27 143.94 145.28 sha3384 144.72 146.45 148.62 sha3512 144.39 146.55 148.78 sha3256 146.05 146.73 148.44 shake256 146.77 147.31 149.10 shake128 146.96 148.12 150.68 T:nasha256 148.67 149.73 150.67 T:luffa384 150.12 150.85 152.61 T:sarmal512 151.78 152.84 154.29 T:sneikha256 154.62 154.79 155.12 T:keccakc1024 155.00 155.31 156.55 T:shabal256 155.46 155.50 156.68 T:keccakc768 154.51 156.22 158.97 T:keccakc512 155.95 156.41 159.21 T:keccak 156.09 156.74 158.34 asconhashabi32v12 157.01 157.21 158.65 T:triadhashv1 157.00 158.40 160.54 T:keccakc448 155.99 158.62 161.92 T:shabal512 158.44 158.66 160.35 T:keccakc256 161.71 162.25 164.42 T:groestl256 164.71 166.32 169.28 prh64s1024 179.81 181.62 185.15 T:esch256v1 181.84 183.62 186.02 T:esch256v2 190.51 193.96 198.44 T:saturninhashv2 194.89 195.47 199.33 T:cubehash832 194.81 195.50 196.30 T:cubehash816 198.98 199.47 200.99 T:whirlpool 208.18 208.62 209.32 asconhashbi32v12 207.94 209.55 212.28 T:romulush 210.06 210.94 212.12 T:fugue256 214.93 215.35 216.78 T:cheetah512 220.23 220.80 222.02 T:cubehash84 220.11 221.91 222.88 T:jh256 221.04 222.59 225.66 T:jh384 220.39 222.90 226.53 T:jh512 222.62 224.02 225.90 T:jh224 224.55 225.05 226.21 T:cubehash88 228.26 229.94 231.54 T:luffa512 229.17 233.58 235.16 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 235.88 237.25 238.92 T:knot256v1 244.75 245.69 247.43 sha1 252.40 252.83 253.92 T:cubehash82 251.96 253.64 255.41 T:clxhash 253.86 254.75 257.61 T:skein10241024 258.05 258.44 258.76 T:round3jh256 258.72 259.97 261.82 T:round3jh512 264.33 265.69 269.07 T:rfsb509 269.97 271.52 274.26 T:bblake256 285.83 287.60 290.07 T:nasha512 289.50 289.69 291.16 T:knot256v2 290.96 292.66 295.67 sha224 292.78 297.00 302.53 sha256 296.28 297.79 301.25 T:simd512 315.88 316.51 316.96 T:cubehash81 326.17 327.75 329.02 T:cubehash1632 334.02 336.80 341.34 T:esch384v1 337.32 339.41 341.67 T:esch384v2 339.79 340.65 342.51 T:drygascon256 337.94 341.10 343.43 T:coral256v1 340.68 345.95 353.88 sha384 346.74 348.23 350.23 T:fugue384 372.59 373.89 375.10 T:cubehash1616 383.44 384.32 385.78 T:shavite3512 388.88 392.12 396.20 T:mcssha4 399.06 399.73 401.42 T:cubehash168 399.25 400.32 402.46 T:mcssha6 411.81 412.43 413.58 T:simd256 414.02 415.48 417.36 T:keccakc512treed2 414.66 415.79 417.54 T:keccakc256treed2 431.93 433.17 435.17 T:cubehash164 439.91 442.18 444.30 T:sneikha384 486.70 489.85 499.74 T:groestl512 507.32 508.78 511.45 T:lane256 526.74 528.27 530.15 T:fugue512 549.85 551.45 553.94 T:essence224 550.44 551.79 553.72 T:essence256 553.88 557.12 564.17 T:fugue2 571.83 572.78 575.76 T:knot384 649.41 652.71 655.20 T:echosp256 717.03 720.36 727.27 T:knot512 727.06 729.69 734.29 T:echo512 738.05 740.93 745.55 T:mcssha5 767.73 769.00 772.22 T:cubehash162 824.38 827.43 829.67 T:echosp512 843.03 849.35 852.88 T:essence384 848.48 853.09 859.68 T:essence512 877.84 880.78 883.00 T:cubehash161 920.36 935.51 940.73 T:mgrostl256 1005.00 1008.20 1012.20 T:fsb256 1159.04 1188.01 1192.20 T:md6d224 1254.02 1256.27 1258.00 T:syconhash256v1 1241.61 1273.80 1282.71 T:md6d256 1362.99 1366.61 1370.29 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1370.35 1371.23 1375.72 T:lane512 1404.36 1414.70 1425.77 T:atelopus32 1588.00 1594.24 1615.79 T:md6d384 1822.06 1833.34 1844.09 T:subterraneanv1 1980.80 1993.12 2008.44 T:atelopus64 3890.89 3895.79 3899.29 T:skinnyhashtk3 3989.42 3996.75 4024.15 T:skinnyhashtk2 5669.97 5675.65 5683.41 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 6462.36 6466.68 6471.50 T:acehash256v1 8214.04 8223.42 8237.42 T:heron256v1 12808.00 12816.36 12874.26 T:gage1h256c256r128 16170.98 16177.08 16182.17 T:orangishv1 19148.95 19156.66 19497.39 T:gage1h256c224r064 21663.43 21722.50 22029.89 T:gage1h256c256r064 25933.82 25937.94 25942.10 T:gage1h256c224r032 35074.98 35102.44 35410.88 T:gage1h256c256r032 38651.66 38653.31 38656.69 T:gage1h256c512r064 54382.55 55013.39 55455.04 T:gage1h256c224r016 64660.05 64697.05 64715.20 T:gage1h256c256r016 65513.10 65524.21 65560.26 T:gage1h256c512r032 101902.93 101933.33 102989.60 T:gage1h256c224r008 4835584.20 4838300.43 4894778.82 T:fsb512