VAMPIRE	eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems	ECRYPT II

Measurements of hash functions on one machine: amd64; Golden Cove (906a4-40); 2022 Intel Core i3-1215U, P cores; 2 x 1600MHz; alder2,big, supercop-20251222

[Page version: 20260126 20:11:15]

eBASH (ECRYPT Benchmarking of All Submitted Hashes) is a project to measure the performance of hash functions. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBASH:

• Speed (cycles/byte) of hashing an 8-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 64-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 576-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 1536-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 4096-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a long message.

Graphs show timings for all message lengths between 0 and 4096 bytes. The stair-step shape of a typical curve on the graphs reflects the fact that these hash functions handle messages in blocks, such as 64-byte blocks.

Long-message speed is computed as 1/2048 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 4096-byte messages and hashing 2048-byte messages, or (starting with supercop-20200409) 1/16384 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 18208-byte messages and hashing 1824-byte messages. Slightly different computations are used for some hash functions with non-power-of-2 block sizes.

There is a separate page with more information about each hash function and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new hash functions and new implementations should read the call for submissions.

Test results

Graphs: (bytes,cycles)

NISTLWC graphs: (bytes,cycles)

Cycles/byte for long messages 25% 50% 75% hash -0.00 0.00 0.00 T:floppsy 0.14 0.14 0.15 komihash 0.36 0.37 0.37 prh64s256 0.36 0.37 0.37 prh64s1024 0.37 0.37 0.37 prh64s512 0.53 0.53 0.54 prh42s256 0.54 0.54 0.55 prh42s512 0.54 0.55 0.56 prh42s1024 0.61 0.62 0.62 T:bebb4185 0.92 0.93 0.97 T:blake3 1.23 1.24 1.25 T:edonr512 1.82 1.83 1.84 sha1 2.05 2.05 2.05 sha224 2.05 2.05 2.05 sha256 1.99 2.05 2.06 T:bmw512 2.13 2.13 2.14 lsh512 2.41 2.42 2.42 T:edonr256 2.67 2.70 2.74 T:k12 2.71 2.71 2.71 T:echo256 2.81 2.81 2.82 T:md4 3.19 3.19 3.20 lsh256 3.29 3.30 3.30 T:blake2b 3.96 3.96 3.97 T:beamsplitter 4.09 4.10 4.11 T:blake64 4.19 4.19 4.20 T:cubehash832 4.20 4.31 4.32 T:bmw256 4.39 4.41 4.42 blake512 4.49 4.51 4.53 T:skein512256 4.55 4.56 4.56 T:skein512512 4.55 4.56 4.57 T:skein10241024 4.56 4.57 4.58 T:cheetah256 4.63 4.64 4.64 T:keccakc256treed2 4.63 4.64 4.65 sha384 4.77 4.77 4.77 md5 4.78 4.78 4.79 T:sarmal256 4.81 4.82 4.83 T:bblake256 4.90 4.92 5.00 shake128 4.86 5.02 5.05 T:keccakc256 5.02 5.02 5.03 sha512 5.03 5.03 5.04 T:tiger 5.10 5.11 5.12 T:bash256 5.24 5.24 5.24 T:blake2s 5.41 5.41 5.41 T:shabal256 5.41 5.41 5.41 T:shabal512 5.60 5.61 5.61 T:blake32 5.66 5.66 5.66 T:keccakc512treed2 5.60 5.68 5.77 T:keccakc448 5.61 5.69 5.81 sha3224 5.74 5.80 5.91 T:keccakc512 5.94 5.96 5.97 T:sarmal512 5.94 6.06 6.10 shake256 6.02 6.18 6.26 sha3256 6.14 6.19 6.39 T:keccak 6.23 6.24 6.25 T:skein256256 6.48 6.49 6.50 T:cheetah512 6.77 6.79 6.80 T:bash384 7.08 7.09 7.10 T:simd512 7.12 7.13 7.13 T:rfsb509 7.34 7.35 7.35 blake256 7.58 7.73 8.03 T:keccakc768 7.74 7.87 7.90 sha3384 8.13 8.13 8.13 T:groestl256 8.31 8.34 8.35 T:cubehash816 8.34 8.38 8.41 T:cubehash512 8.33 8.38 8.42 T:cubehash1632 8.54 8.67 8.85 T:fugue2 10.22 10.23 10.24 T:bash512 10.38 10.38 10.40 T:groestl512 10.63 10.64 10.65 T:luffa256 10.83 10.84 10.84 T:luffa384 11.02 11.17 11.48 sha3512 11.05 11.21 11.39 T:keccakc1024 11.55 11.56 11.56 T:ripemd160 11.58 11.59 11.65 T:md6d224 11.59 11.69 11.72 T:shavite3256 12.43 12.44 12.45 T:gimli24v1 12.58 12.65 12.71 T:md6d256 12.65 12.66 12.68 T:jh256 12.65 12.67 12.68 T:jh384 12.66 12.67 12.67 T:jh512 12.58 12.67 13.41 T:jh224 13.18 13.19 13.20 asconxofav12 13.19 13.20 13.21 asconhashav12 13.21 13.22 13.24 T:nasha256 13.27 13.29 13.30 T:nasha512 13.55 13.59 13.62 T:fugue256 14.88 14.89 14.90 T:round3jh512 14.88 14.89 14.90 T:round3jh256 15.31 15.33 15.66 T:xoodyakv1 15.66 15.74 15.84 T:lane256 16.65 16.66 16.66 T:cubehash1616 16.68 16.69 16.72 T:md6d384 16.73 16.74 16.74 T:cubehash88 16.76 16.77 16.77 T:whirlpool 16.80 16.92 17.01 T:echosp256 17.16 17.17 17.18 T:luffa512 17.82 17.95 18.10 T:shavite3512 17.83 18.00 18.14 T:simd256 19.74 19.75 19.77 asconhashv12 19.73 19.75 19.77 asconxofv12 20.30 20.32 20.34 T:hamsi 20.93 20.95 20.97 T:fugue384 23.77 24.00 24.03 T:mgrostl256 24.35 24.47 24.55 T:shamashashv1 24.41 24.51 24.70 T:echosp512 24.73 24.78 24.81 T:esch256v1 24.84 24.87 24.92 T:esch256v2 25.74 25.77 25.80 asconhashabi32v12 27.15 27.17 27.19 T:fugue512 27.58 27.59 27.60 T:lane512 29.57 29.71 30.03 T:atelopus64 29.84 30.00 30.15 T:atelopus32 30.68 30.69 30.70 T:essence512 30.68 30.69 30.70 T:essence384 33.37 33.38 33.40 T:cubehash168 33.43 33.45 33.46 T:cubehash84 34.11 34.16 34.23 T:esch384v1 33.32 34.24 35.96 T:echo512 34.58 34.71 34.82 T:esch384v2 34.99 35.00 35.02 T:sneikha256 36.58 36.71 36.84 T:fsb256 38.53 38.57 38.74 asconhashbi32v12 38.85 38.86 38.89 T:saturninhashv2 39.81 39.83 39.85 T:drygascon128 43.14 43.16 43.18 T:romulush 43.27 43.34 43.36 T:essence224 43.30 43.35 43.38 T:essence256 46.01 46.02 46.02 T:mcssha4 46.01 46.02 46.02 T:mcssha6 46.01 46.02 46.02 T:mcssha5 51.52 51.79 52.13 T:drygascon256 59.90 59.94 59.97 T:coral256v1 60.80 60.84 60.88 T:knot256v2 66.68 66.69 66.71 T:cubehash82 66.71 66.73 66.77 T:cubehash164 69.87 69.89 69.92 T:sneikha384 78.93 79.00 79.03 T:triadhashv1 78.20 80.35 82.92 T:fsb512 111.73 111.76 111.79 T:knot256v1 115.91 119.80 125.36 T:clxhash 133.32 133.37 133.40 T:cubehash162 133.36 133.38 133.41 T:cubehash81 158.55 158.71 158.91 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 167.55 167.59 167.63 T:syconhash256v1 207.43 209.23 215.26 T:knot512 213.83 217.08 225.20 T:knot384 260.39 261.29 261.39 T:cubehash161 602.35 634.75 668.82 T:subterraneanv1 634.90? 665.17? 827.90? T:heron256v1 732.17 732.52 732.87 T:acehash256v1 826.82 893.20 900.43 T:skinnyhashtk3 924.70 926.08 928.67 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1602.09 1664.73 1774.54 T:skinnyhashtk2 1696.99 1709.43 1716.96 T:gage1h256c256r128 2321.24 2340.61 2368.78 T:gage1h256c224r064 2622.43 2623.92 2625.29 T:orangishv1 2607.52 2629.92 2651.72 T:gage1h256c256r064 3586.58 3646.80 3702.75 T:gage1h256c224r032 4669.14 4681.10 4702.10 T:gage1h256c256r032 4707.16 4722.83 4744.95 T:gage1h256c512r064 7866.65 7868.29 7869.88 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 8679.09 8700.76 8724.44 T:gage1h256c256r016 9041.17 9086.85 9163.08 T:gage1h256c512r032 9151.71 9166.49 9172.93 T:gage1h256c224r016 19986.78 20010.61 20031.70 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 4096 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.00 0.00 0.00 T:floppsy 0.15 0.16 0.16 komihash 0.44 0.44 0.45 prh64s256 0.49 0.49 0.49 prh64s512 0.58 0.59 0.59 prh64s1024 0.58 0.59 0.60 prh42s256 0.62 0.63 0.63 T:bebb4185 0.63 0.64 0.65 prh42s512 0.70 0.71 0.72 prh42s1024 1.26 1.27 1.27 T:blake3 1.29 1.30 1.34 T:edonr512 2.09 2.09 2.09 sha256 2.12 2.13 2.13 sha1 2.12 2.16 2.20 T:bmw512 2.27 2.28 2.29 lsh512 2.35 2.36 2.37 sha224 2.47 2.48 2.50 T:edonr256 2.71 2.73 2.76 T:k12 2.83 2.83 2.83 T:echo256 2.87 2.87 2.87 T:md4 3.28 3.29 3.30 T:blake2b 3.29 3.30 3.31 lsh256 4.01 4.01 4.02 T:beamsplitter 4.24 4.25 4.27 T:blake64 4.33 4.45 4.56 T:bmw256 4.56 4.57 4.57 T:cubehash832 4.56 4.58 4.59 blake512 4.57 4.60 4.62 T:skein512256 4.64 4.64 4.66 T:skein512512 4.74 4.75 4.76 T:skein10241024 4.76 4.77 4.79 T:cheetah256 4.85 4.85 4.85 md5 4.97 4.97 4.99 T:sarmal256 5.00 5.02 5.05 shake128 4.94 5.03 5.13 T:keccakc256 5.12 5.12 5.14 sha384 5.15 5.16 5.17 T:tiger 5.19 5.20 5.21 sha512 5.23 5.23 5.24 T:blake2s 5.28 5.29 5.31 T:bash256 5.32 5.33 5.34 T:keccakc256treed2 5.33 5.34 5.36 T:bblake256 5.71 5.71 5.72 T:blake32 5.69 5.75 5.84 T:keccakc448 5.76 5.77 5.77 T:shabal256 5.77 5.78 5.79 T:shabal512 5.77 5.80 5.86 sha3224 6.04 6.13 6.24 T:keccakc512 6.18 6.19 6.20 T:sarmal512 6.17 6.23 6.29 shake256 6.17 6.24 6.45 sha3256 6.28 6.30 6.32 T:skein256256 6.45 6.49 6.51 T:keccakc512treed2 6.47 6.59 6.77 T:keccak 6.87 6.88 6.90 T:bash384 6.99 7.01 7.03 T:cheetah512 7.27 7.27 7.28 T:rfsb509 7.37 7.38 7.39 T:simd512 7.46 7.46 7.47 blake256 7.82 7.86 8.09 T:keccakc768 8.01 8.09 8.16 sha3384 8.43 8.43 8.45 T:groestl256 8.59 8.61 8.65 T:cubehash512 8.71 8.72 8.74 T:cubehash816 9.11 9.13 9.18 T:cubehash1632 9.37 9.57 9.75 T:fugue2 10.40 10.42 10.44 T:bash512 10.81 10.82 10.83 T:luffa256 11.10 11.11 11.13 T:luffa384 11.11 11.13 11.14 T:groestl512 11.09 11.28 11.43 T:keccakc1024 11.22 11.33 11.63 sha3512 11.70 11.72 11.79 T:md6d224 11.75 11.76 11.77 T:ripemd160 11.91 11.94 11.94 T:shavite3256 12.53 12.55 12.56 T:gimli24v1 12.72 12.77 12.85 T:md6d256 12.85 12.87 12.88 T:jh512 12.86 12.87 12.88 T:jh256 12.86 12.88 12.89 T:jh384 12.87 12.89 13.54 T:jh224 13.30 13.33 13.35 asconxofav12 13.31 13.34 13.35 asconhashav12 13.46 13.47 13.50 T:nasha256 13.75 13.77 13.79 T:nasha512 14.12 14.14 14.15 T:fugue256 15.12 15.12 15.14 T:round3jh256 15.11 15.13 15.15 T:round3jh512 15.38 15.40 15.67 T:xoodyakv1 16.35 16.37 16.38 T:lane256 16.79 16.80 16.82 T:md6d384 17.09 17.09 17.11 T:whirlpool 17.11 17.11 17.12 T:cubehash88 17.39 17.41 17.42 T:cubehash1616 17.59 17.61 17.62 T:luffa512 17.69 17.85 18.08 T:echosp256 18.03 18.41 18.60 T:simd256 18.45 18.67 18.70 T:shavite3512 19.90 19.92 19.95 asconhashv12 19.90 19.93 19.96 asconxofv12 20.39 20.42 20.46 T:hamsi 21.45 21.46 21.49 T:fugue384 24.09 24.27 24.79 T:fsb256 24.61 24.66 24.72 T:shamashashv1 24.86 24.93 24.98 T:esch256v1 24.92 24.95 25.03 T:esch256v2 25.14 25.26 25.39 T:mgrostl256 25.20 25.37 25.56 T:echosp512 26.00 26.04 26.07 asconhashabi32v12 27.92 27.96 28.00 T:fugue512 29.34 29.35 29.36 T:lane512 30.73 30.93 31.13 T:atelopus64 31.26 31.53 31.98 T:atelopus32 31.70 31.71 31.73 T:essence384 31.71 31.72 31.73 T:essence512 33.82 33.83 33.85 T:cubehash84 34.12 34.14 34.16 T:cubehash168 34.44 34.51 34.58 T:esch384v1 34.80 34.95 35.00 T:esch384v2 35.27 35.28 35.29 T:sneikha256 36.30 36.54 36.97 T:echo512 38.91 38.96 39.00 asconhashbi32v12 39.19 39.22 39.25 T:saturninhashv2 39.94 39.97 40.00 T:drygascon128 43.51 43.54 43.57 T:romulush 44.01 44.05 44.09 T:essence224 44.03 44.08 44.11 T:essence256 46.73 46.74 46.74 T:mcssha6 46.78 46.79 46.79 T:mcssha4 47.53 47.54 47.55 T:mcssha5 51.48 51.63 51.93 T:drygascon256 60.36 60.41 60.43 T:coral256v1 61.28 61.33 61.37 T:knot256v2 67.07 67.08 67.11 T:cubehash82 67.47 67.49 67.52 T:cubehash164 70.68 70.70 70.73 T:sneikha384 79.14 79.20 79.23 T:triadhashv1 111.94 111.98 112.02 T:knot256v1 112.77 113.02 117.19 T:clxhash 133.75 133.79 133.82 T:cubehash81 134.09 134.16 134.18 T:cubehash162 157.30 158.21 158.58 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 169.21 169.25 169.28 T:syconhash256v1 210.05 215.67 216.24 T:knot512 216.15 217.22 218.06 T:knot384 261.86 262.49 262.85 T:cubehash161 608.29? 672.29? 693.93? T:subterraneanv1 664.19? 676.03? 823.11? T:heron256v1 739.85 740.03 740.48 T:acehash256v1 840.67 899.88 900.78 T:skinnyhashtk3 923.27 925.08 927.46 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1625.38 1666.63 1762.55 T:skinnyhashtk2 1716.72 1725.75 1750.07 T:gage1h256c256r128 2335.27 2357.61 2377.26 T:gage1h256c224r064 2643.21 2644.31 2645.55 T:orangishv1 2635.77 2657.65 2677.98 T:gage1h256c256r064 3616.34 3704.57 3751.46 T:gage1h256c224r032 4677.40 4717.96 4741.51 T:gage1h256c256r032 4753.32 4772.09 4806.79 T:gage1h256c512r064 6122.11 6127.83 6135.09 T:fsb512 7859.64 7861.57 7864.78 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 8739.64 8760.84 8802.41 T:gage1h256c256r016 9115.05 9193.08 9260.13 T:gage1h256c512r032 9230.61 9244.13 9249.41 T:gage1h256c224r016 20144.76 20155.26 20183.03 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 1536 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.01 0.01 0.01 T:floppsy 0.15 0.15 0.16 komihash 0.56 0.57 0.59 prh64s256 0.66 0.66 0.68 T:bebb4185 0.69 0.70 0.72 prh64s512 0.71 0.72 0.73 prh42s256 0.76 0.77 0.77 prh42s512 0.95 0.96 0.98 prh64s1024 0.96 0.97 1.00 prh42s1024 1.37 1.39 1.48 T:edonr512 2.15 2.15 2.15 sha256 2.36 2.43 2.47 T:bmw512 2.50 2.51 2.53 lsh512 2.54 2.55 2.58 T:edonr256 2.60 2.61 2.64 sha1 2.83 2.84 2.86 sha224 2.93 2.96 3.01 T:k12 2.96 2.96 2.97 T:md4 3.13 3.13 3.14 T:echo256 3.27 3.28 3.29 T:blake2b 3.46 3.48 3.49 lsh256 3.56 3.57 3.57 T:blake3 4.08 4.10 4.11 T:beamsplitter 4.47 4.48 4.50 T:blake64 4.53 4.67 4.81 T:bmw256 4.73 4.75 4.77 T:skein512256 4.76 4.79 4.82 T:skein512512 4.80 4.81 4.84 blake512 4.98 4.98 4.99 md5 4.99 5.00 5.04 T:skein10241024 5.04 5.06 5.08 T:cheetah256 5.17 5.19 5.20 T:cubehash832 5.21 5.22 5.23 T:blake2s 5.26 5.28 5.30 T:sarmal256 5.34 5.37 5.40 T:tiger 5.36 5.39 5.52 shake128 5.33 5.42 5.49 T:keccakc256 5.48 5.49 5.51 sha512 5.56 5.58 5.61 T:bash256 5.77 5.86 6.00 T:keccakc448 5.83 5.86 5.90 sha384 5.88 5.89 5.90 T:blake32 5.83 5.96 6.04 sha3224 6.11 6.13 6.17 T:keccakc256treed2 6.20 6.21 6.22 T:bblake256 6.26 6.34 6.39 T:keccakc512 6.36 6.36 6.37 T:shabal256 6.37 6.37 6.38 T:shabal512 6.39 6.41 6.46 T:skein256256 6.45 6.51 6.63 shake256 6.52 6.54 6.57 T:sarmal512 6.38 6.63 6.70 sha3256 6.75 6.83 6.93 T:keccak 7.11 7.13 7.16 T:keccakc512treed2 7.28 7.29 7.32 T:bash384 7.52 7.53 7.54 T:rfsb509 7.65 7.66 7.68 blake256 7.79 7.82 7.83 T:simd512 7.83 7.86 7.89 T:cheetah512 7.85 7.97 8.16 T:keccakc768 7.99 8.03 8.13 sha3384 8.87 8.88 8.90 T:groestl256 8.96 8.97 9.00 T:cubehash512 9.30 9.32 9.34 T:cubehash816 10.36 10.41 10.44 T:cubehash1632 10.57 10.61 10.68 T:fugue2 10.66 10.69 10.72 T:bash512 11.10 11.13 11.15 T:luffa256 11.50 11.54 11.60 T:md6d224 11.55 11.57 11.60 T:luffa384 11.50 11.62 11.85 T:keccakc1024 11.66 11.74 11.96 sha3512 12.07 12.08 12.09 T:ripemd160 12.23 12.25 12.28 T:shavite3256 12.29 12.31 12.33 T:groestl512 12.53 12.58 12.63 T:md6d256 12.70 12.72 12.75 T:gimli24v1 13.18 13.20 13.23 T:jh256 13.19 13.21 13.23 T:jh512 13.19 13.22 13.23 T:jh384 13.20 13.25 13.88 T:jh224 13.48 13.50 13.53 asconxofav12 13.49 13.53 13.57 asconhashav12 13.92 13.94 13.96 T:nasha256 14.55 14.60 14.62 T:nasha512 14.97 15.01 15.05 T:fugue256 15.49 15.52 15.55 T:round3jh512 15.49 15.53 15.55 T:round3jh256 15.53 15.54 15.59 T:xoodyakv1 16.54 16.57 16.60 T:md6d384 17.20 17.25 17.28 T:lane256 17.27 17.42 17.61 T:echosp256 17.62 17.64 17.67 T:whirlpool 17.72 17.74 17.76 T:cubehash88 18.26 18.29 18.31 T:luffa512 18.59 18.62 18.64 T:cubehash1616 18.68 19.09 19.32 T:simd256 19.52 19.65 19.77 T:shavite3512 20.11 20.18 20.22 asconhashv12 20.14 20.18 20.20 asconxofv12 20.54 20.57 20.62 T:hamsi 22.33 22.38 22.43 T:fugue384 22.48 22.58 22.72 T:fsb256 24.75 24.93 25.06 T:shamashashv1 25.16 25.21 25.27 T:esch256v1 25.20 25.26 25.34 T:esch256v2 26.50 26.56 26.60 asconhashabi32v12 27.23 27.48 27.67 T:mgrostl256 27.66 27.75 27.99 T:echosp512 29.22 29.25 29.29 T:fugue512 32.26 32.27 32.28 T:lane512 33.41 33.43 33.46 T:essence384 33.42 33.45 33.48 T:essence512 32.97 33.57 34.00 T:atelopus32 33.27 33.62 33.90 T:atelopus64 34.44 34.46 34.50 T:cubehash84 35.04 35.11 35.23 T:esch384v1 35.32 35.35 35.39 T:cubehash168 35.49 35.54 35.65 T:esch384v2 35.70 35.74 35.76 T:sneikha256 37.37 37.90 38.42 T:echo512 39.49 39.54 39.60 asconhashbi32v12 39.80 39.83 39.88 T:saturninhashv2 40.13 40.18 40.22 T:drygascon128 44.14 44.19 44.22 T:romulush 45.23 45.27 45.34 T:essence224 45.29 45.33 45.37 T:essence256 47.92 47.94 47.96 T:mcssha6 48.07 48.08 48.09 T:mcssha4 50.08 50.08 50.10 T:mcssha5 52.30 52.36 52.45 T:drygascon256 61.16 61.23 61.31 T:coral256v1 62.01 62.10 62.19 T:knot256v2 67.71 67.74 67.77 T:cubehash82 68.68 68.73 68.80 T:cubehash164 71.97 72.01 72.06 T:sneikha384 79.42 79.50 79.55 T:triadhashv1 112.28 112.36 112.42 T:knot256v1 113.16 113.22 113.28 T:clxhash 134.42 134.47 134.50 T:cubehash81 135.26 135.39 135.45 T:cubehash162 156.76 156.97 157.58 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 171.95 172.02 172.07 T:syconhash256v1 209.24 209.62 210.31 T:knot512 217.63 219.61 233.58 T:knot384 264.35 264.70 265.59 T:cubehash161 611.73? 689.44? 711.00? T:subterraneanv1 681.49? 693.60? 844.70? T:heron256v1 751.48 751.90 752.17 T:acehash256v1 853.50 911.11 912.18 T:skinnyhashtk3 919.47 921.78 924.57 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1630.29 1667.25 1765.23 T:skinnyhashtk2 1748.23 1760.72 1806.81 T:gage1h256c256r128 2372.53 2395.63 2443.38 T:gage1h256c224r064 2676.73 2678.56 2680.05 T:orangishv1 2671.43 2731.16 2779.27 T:gage1h256c256r064 3641.58 3754.01 3803.70 T:gage1h256c224r032 4764.58 4802.79 4837.31 T:gage1h256c256r032 4827.53 4861.79 4902.51 T:gage1h256c512r064 7851.53 7853.76 7856.27 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 8857.36 8904.72 8985.09 T:gage1h256c256r016 9216.60 9335.16 9412.19 T:gage1h256c512r032 9356.93 9367.62 9376.68 T:gage1h256c224r016 16181.70 16197.67 16214.53 T:fsb512 20413.13 20468.03 20516.77 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 576 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.03 0.03 0.03 T:floppsy 0.17? 0.20? 0.21? komihash 0.76 0.76 0.77 T:bebb4185 0.90 0.91 0.94 prh42s256 0.89 0.94 0.98 prh64s256 1.14? 1.15? 1.33? prh42s512 1.23 1.30 1.32 prh64s512 1.49 1.55 1.57 T:edonr512 1.67 1.69 1.75 prh42s1024 1.99 2.01 2.04 prh64s1024 2.32 2.32 2.33 sha256 2.77 2.81 2.88 T:bmw512 2.90 2.91 2.93 lsh512 2.78 2.95 3.07 T:edonr256 3.22 3.22 3.23 T:md4 3.23 3.26 3.39 T:k12 3.45 3.46 3.47 T:blake3 3.55 3.57 3.59 lsh256 3.61 3.62 3.64 T:blake2b 3.83 3.84 3.86 T:echo256 3.90 3.92 3.96 sha1 4.14 4.18 4.25 sha224 4.29 4.31 4.33 T:beamsplitter 4.67 4.70 4.75 T:blake64 5.00 5.05 5.18 blake512 5.00 5.16 5.32 T:bmw256 5.15 5.17 5.23 T:skein512256 5.16 5.18 5.23 T:skein512512 5.18 5.19 5.20 T:blake2s 5.33 5.34 5.34 md5 5.43 5.45 5.49 T:cheetah256 5.43 5.47 5.49 T:sarmal256 5.69 5.71 5.72 sha512 5.76 5.79 5.83 T:bash256 5.74 5.80 5.91 T:keccakc256 5.66 5.82 5.96 shake128 5.85 5.89 5.98 T:tiger 6.24 6.26 6.32 T:skein10241024 6.34 6.36 6.38 T:blake32 6.67 6.71 6.76 T:skein256256 6.74 6.77 6.81 T:sarmal512 6.78 6.82 6.87 T:cubehash832 7.05 7.10 7.31 shake256 7.02 7.12 7.25 sha3224 7.06 7.15 7.26 T:keccakc512 7.05 7.17 7.32 T:keccak 7.07 7.20 7.36 sha3256 7.15 7.21 7.29 T:keccakc448 7.38 7.44 7.50 sha384 7.96 7.96 7.99 T:shabal256 7.97 7.99 8.16 T:shabal512 8.03 8.08 8.13 T:bash384 8.17 8.19 8.21 T:rfsb509 8.19 8.20 8.21 blake256 8.26 8.31 8.37 T:keccakc256treed2 8.39 8.48 8.53 T:keccakc768 8.44 8.55 8.76 sha3384 8.84 8.87 8.90 T:bblake256 9.33 9.37 9.43 T:cheetah512 9.72 9.75 9.80 T:simd512 9.91 9.95 10.00 T:cubehash512 10.14 10.16 10.18 T:groestl256 10.93 10.98 11.04 T:cubehash816 10.96 10.98 10.99 T:keccakc512treed2 11.43 11.46 11.53 T:bash512 11.89 11.92 11.96 T:luffa256 12.66 12.70 12.76 T:luffa384 12.69 12.84 12.97 T:keccakc1024 12.77 12.89 12.95 sha3512 12.95 12.99 13.04 T:ripemd160 13.11 13.12 13.19 T:shavite3256 13.12 13.19 13.22 T:gimli24v1 13.61 13.67 13.72 T:cubehash1632 13.84 14.01 14.15 T:fugue2 13.97 14.03 14.08 asconhashav12 14.00 14.05 14.10 asconxofav12 14.08 14.11 14.18 T:jh512 14.10 14.14 14.17 T:jh256 14.11 14.14 14.19 T:jh384 14.13 14.21 14.83 T:jh224 14.53 14.58 14.64 T:groestl512 14.98 14.99 15.12 T:nasha256 15.12 15.20 15.26 T:nasha512 15.82 15.85 15.90 T:xoodyakv1 16.51 16.55 16.61 T:round3jh256 16.52 16.57 16.62 T:round3jh512 17.07 17.14 17.24 T:fugue256 18.93 18.96 19.05 T:whirlpool 19.31 19.36 19.42 T:cubehash88 19.12 19.43 19.59 T:lane256 19.77 19.98 20.12 T:echosp256 20.10 20.16 20.20 T:luffa512 20.04 20.16 20.35 T:shavite3512 20.09 20.26 20.36 T:simd256 20.84 20.90 20.98 asconhashv12 20.82 20.91 20.96 asconxofv12 20.91 20.99 21.05 T:hamsi 21.78 21.87 21.91 T:cubehash1616 23.17 23.23 23.35 T:md6d224 24.58 24.65 24.73 T:fugue384 25.11 25.28 25.33 T:md6d256 25.17 25.44 25.78 T:shamashashv1 25.82 25.96 26.04 T:esch256v1 25.96 26.09 26.19 T:esch256v2 27.90 27.94 27.98 asconhashabi32v12 28.92 29.07 29.21 T:fsb256 30.76 31.03 31.30 T:mgrostl256 32.67 32.72 32.81 T:fugue512 32.76 33.19 33.31 T:echosp512 33.19 33.24 33.31 T:md6d384 36.04 36.09 36.14 T:cubehash84 36.59 36.70 36.91 T:esch384v1 36.90 36.96 37.00 T:sneikha256 37.05 37.23 37.37 T:esch384v2 37.91 37.95 38.02 T:essence384 38.01 38.08 38.13 T:essence512 38.49 38.58 38.66 T:cubehash168 38.40 39.71 39.96 T:echo512 40.65 40.77 40.83 T:drygascon128 41.35 41.41 41.49 T:saturninhashv2 41.35 41.43 41.50 asconhashbi32v12 41.12 41.52 42.44 T:atelopus32 43.21 43.22 43.24 T:lane512 45.74 45.82 45.88 T:romulush 47.20 47.99 48.77 T:atelopus64 48.53 48.60 48.67 T:essence224 48.57 48.61 48.68 T:essence256 51.12 51.14 51.17 T:mcssha6 51.52 51.53 51.55 T:mcssha4 53.90 54.04 54.36 T:drygascon256 56.86 56.87 56.88 T:mcssha5 63.25 63.35 63.48 T:coral256v1 64.12 64.30 64.43 T:knot256v2 69.36 69.42 69.50 T:cubehash82 71.98 72.02 72.10 T:cubehash164 75.58 75.64 75.70 T:sneikha384 80.19 80.22 80.30 T:triadhashv1 113.21 113.33 113.46 T:knot256v1 118.29 118.32 131.43 T:clxhash 136.28 136.35 136.40 T:cubehash81 138.80 138.88 138.95 T:cubehash162 155.25 155.33 155.40 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 179.25 179.35 179.44 T:syconhash256v1 212.60 213.04 213.48 T:knot512 221.00 223.41 236.82 T:knot384 270.14 270.50 270.92 T:cubehash161 686.07 697.51 714.22 T:subterraneanv1 729.32? 740.61? 902.69? T:heron256v1 783.36 784.39 784.95 T:acehash256v1 916.56 917.22 920.12 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 880.32 941.45 943.08 T:skinnyhashtk3 1632.16 1697.40 1797.51 T:skinnyhashtk2 1838.10 1875.06 1893.01 T:gage1h256c256r128 2470.28 2503.66 2545.91 T:gage1h256c224r064 2767.93 2768.43 2769.64 T:orangishv1 2791.67 2880.58 2945.22 T:gage1h256c256r064 3745.79 3805.36 3954.61 T:gage1h256c224r032 4891.16 4939.00 5091.71 T:gage1h256c256r032 5064.78 5111.55 5139.06 T:gage1h256c512r064 7811.26 7817.02 7819.20 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 9134.44 9185.82 9275.06 T:gage1h256c256r016 9529.86 9641.07 9687.57 T:gage1h256c512r032 9685.37 9700.20 9720.25 T:gage1h256c224r016 21085.02 21117.11 21174.63 T:gage1h256c224r008 43019.69 43060.73 43102.02 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 64 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.27? 0.30? 0.31? T:floppsy 0.59? 0.66? 0.73? komihash 1.72? 1.78? 1.98? T:bebb4185 3.11 3.16 3.22 T:blake3 3.95 4.00 4.20 prh42s256 4.03 4.11 4.20 T:edonr512 4.56 4.69 4.75 sha256 4.80 4.86 4.94 T:blake2s 5.42 5.45 5.53 prh64s256 5.97? 6.03? 7.67? prh42s512 6.00 6.17 6.42 T:beamsplitter 6.23 6.33 6.44 T:blake2b 6.28 6.39 6.52 T:md4 6.14? 6.70? 7.27? T:edonr256 6.97 7.20 7.44 lsh256 8.66 8.88 9.30 T:k12 9.14 9.17 9.22 prh64s512 9.38 9.58 9.72 T:bmw512 9.36 9.59 9.78 T:blake64 9.53 9.61 9.70 lsh512 9.64 9.75 9.88 T:echo256 9.73 9.89 10.08 T:skein512256 9.86 9.92 10.05 md5 9.84 9.98 10.09 T:skein512512 10.42 10.55 10.69 T:skein256256 10.36 10.78 11.25 blake512 10.70 10.78 10.91 sha512 11.06 11.20 11.39 T:sarmal256 11.06 11.25 11.62 T:bash256 11.28 11.44 11.66 T:bash384 11.91 12.31 12.53 prh42s1024 12.31 12.39 12.53 T:blake32 12.22 12.41 12.69 T:cheetah256 12.34 12.58 13.58 T:tiger 13.06 13.20 13.58 sha3384 13.06 13.22 13.66 shake256 13.11 13.23 13.62 sha3512 13.09 13.28 13.66 sha3224 13.19 13.33 13.64 shake128 13.09 13.34 13.64 sha3256 13.28 13.44 13.62 T:sarmal512 13.73 14.00 14.64 T:keccak 13.81 14.05 14.33 T:keccakc512 13.77 14.11 14.53 T:keccakc768 13.80 14.12 14.59 T:keccakc1024 13.91 14.12 14.53 T:keccakc448 14.03 14.39 14.73 T:keccakc256 14.20 14.44 14.89 T:bmw256 15.03 15.12 15.20 blake256 15.25 15.33 15.58 T:rfsb509 15.77 15.86 15.94 T:cheetah512 16.69 16.75 16.89 prh64s1024 18.70 18.92 19.16 T:gimli24v1 19.66 19.78 19.97 T:skein10241024 20.17 20.28 20.39 T:xoodyakv1 20.56 20.73 20.91 asconxofav12 20.52 20.83 21.05 asconhashav12 21.08 21.20 21.42 sha1 20.97 21.28 21.69 T:bash512 21.80 21.91 22.08 T:luffa256 21.75 21.94 22.16 sha224 22.53 22.64 22.97 T:cubehash512 24.03 24.20 24.34 T:ripemd160 23.88 24.34 24.66 T:shavite3256 25.66 25.77 26.12 T:jh512 25.70 25.83 26.09 T:jh256 25.64 25.92 26.16 T:hamsi 25.70 25.95 26.36 T:jh384 25.75 26.14 27.23 T:jh224 26.28 26.42 26.64 T:groestl256 27.08 27.27 28.55 T:nasha256 27.53 27.58 27.70 T:luffa384 27.56 27.84 28.11 T:cubehash832 28.33 28.38 28.47 T:shabal256 28.45 28.50 28.64 T:shabal512 29.39 29.48 29.67 sha384 29.47 29.62 29.92 T:nasha512 29.56 29.81 30.28 asconhashv12 29.62 29.86 30.19 asconxofv12 29.92 30.11 30.41 T:round3jh256 29.94 30.17 30.36 T:round3jh512 31.14 31.31 31.58 T:simd512 31.73 32.12 32.39 T:cubehash816 34.27 34.92 35.33 T:esch256v1 34.28 34.94 35.52 T:esch256v2 35.58 36.00 36.56 T:shamashashv1 36.11 36.25 36.44 T:whirlpool 36.12 36.86 37.83 T:shavite3512 36.45 37.12 37.97 T:simd256 39.94 40.11 40.22 T:cubehash88 41.44 41.72 41.95 asconhashabi32v12 41.97 42.12 42.36 T:bblake256 43.45 43.62 43.84 T:luffa512 45.17 45.58 46.05 T:drygascon128 45.31 45.98 46.97 T:fugue256 47.50 47.69 48.06 T:groestl512 49.31 49.38 49.64 T:lane256 50.27 50.48 50.69 T:keccakc256treed2 50.45 50.64 51.08 T:keccakc512treed2 51.80 51.92 52.16 T:sneikha256 54.27 54.42 54.66 T:fugue384 55.77 56.03 56.33 T:fugue2 55.45 56.17 57.19 T:esch384v1 56.05 56.28 56.41 T:cubehash1632 56.66 56.84 57.06 T:cubehash84 56.48 57.20 57.88 T:esch384v2 58.91 59.25 59.62 asconhashbi32v12 59.22 59.59 60.05 T:saturninhashv2 61.48 62.23 62.88 T:echosp256 62.73 62.86 63.31 T:cubehash1616 66.00 66.20 66.45 T:romulush 67.80 69.62 70.75 T:echo512 70.58 70.98 71.27 T:drygascon256 73.64 74.42 75.09 T:md6d224 74.77 75.69 76.67 T:echosp512 77.16 77.52 77.78 T:fugue512 79.31 79.62 80.31 T:cubehash168 79.89 81.27 82.62 T:md6d256 77.88? 82.94? 89.05? T:mgrostl256 86.36 86.67 87.27 T:fsb256 89.22 89.38 89.70 T:triadhashv1 90.11 90.34 90.67 T:cubehash82 89.98 90.38 90.73 T:coral256v1 90.42 90.62 90.91 T:essence224 90.48 90.83 91.06 T:essence256 91.20 91.69 91.88 T:knot256v2 91.78 91.86 92.19 T:mcssha6 95.47 95.59 95.73 T:mcssha4 95.88 96.19 96.45 T:essence384 96.45 96.70 96.98 T:essence512 105.34 105.91 106.64 T:md6d384 112.97 113.52 113.73 T:cubehash164 121.06 121.38 121.58 T:sneikha384 125.75 126.06 126.33 T:knot256v1 123.61 127.39 130.25 T:clxhash 131.28 136.22 141.38 T:atelopus32 139.20 139.78 141.52 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 143.50 143.62 143.80 T:mcssha5 159.22 159.53 159.78 T:cubehash81 166.94 168.17 170.53 T:lane512 181.62 182.11 182.59 T:cubehash162 192.58 194.62 205.45 T:atelopus64 242.81 244.75 245.81 T:knot384 259.22 260.58 261.64 T:knot512 271.92 272.28 272.64 T:syconhash256v1 345.45 346.53 347.42 T:cubehash161 787.66 799.53 805.67 T:subterraneanv1 877.72 879.70 881.73 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1189.22 1191.05 1192.22 T:acehash256v1 1248.22 1342.03 1344.75 T:skinnyhashtk3 1343.78? 1364.23? 1652.91? T:heron256v1 1820.58 1874.81 1995.62 T:skinnyhashtk2 2968.75 2971.88 2998.52 T:gage1h256c256r128 3780.67 3835.59 3905.09 T:gage1h256c224r064 3932.14 3933.02 3934.03 T:orangishv1 4231.59 4235.61 4321.86 T:gage1h256c256r064 5637.84 5693.20 5708.98 T:gage1h256c224r032 7378.28 7385.00 7389.30 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 7301.86 7468.05 7549.30 T:gage1h256c256r032 7761.84 7767.34 7847.98 T:gage1h256c512r064 13225.95 13364.86 13530.30 T:gage1h256c256r016 14013.28 14039.14 14049.89 T:gage1h256c224r016 14265.81 14821.34 15086.72 T:gage1h256c512r032 30248.59 30281.56 30342.34 T:gage1h256c224r008 386581.64 386862.88 387438.97 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 8 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 2.00? 2.50? 2.50? T:floppsy 3.62? 4.00? 4.38? komihash 8.62? 9.00? 9.62? T:bebb4185 17.62 18.12 18.75 T:beamsplitter 24.38 25.00 25.38 sha256 30.38 30.75 31.00 T:md4 30.38 31.38 32.25 T:edonr256 31.75 32.25 32.75 prh42s256 32.38 32.75 33.25 T:blake3 32.12 33.50 34.00 T:edonr512 41.50 41.88 42.88 prh64s256 45.12 45.75 45.88 md5 46.00 46.25 46.62 T:blake2s 48.00? 48.62? 54.00? prh42s512 56.38 57.00 57.50 T:blake32 56.50 57.12 60.75 T:tiger 56.62 57.12 57.88 T:blake2b 56.25 57.62 59.38 T:gimli24v1 58.50 59.12 59.88 lsh256 63.12 63.88 64.75 T:skein256256 63.62 64.38 65.25 T:hamsi 67.00 67.50 68.12 blake256 68.75 69.25 69.88 T:xoodyakv1 70.12 71.88 74.12 T:k12 71.38 72.00 72.88 prh64s512 72.50 74.12 75.12 asconxofav12 72.38 74.38 76.00 asconhashav12 73.88 76.62 77.88 T:bmw512 76.38 77.38 79.25 lsh512 76.50 78.12 79.50 T:blake64 77.62 78.12 79.62 T:echo256 78.12 79.62 81.12 T:bmw256 79.75 80.38 81.50 T:skein512512 79.12 80.50 81.75 T:skein512256 79.25 80.88 82.50 T:rfsb509 82.75 87.62 89.25 blake512 88.88 90.12 91.75 T:bash512 90.12 90.88 92.12 T:cheetah256 90.25 91.12 95.38 sha512 90.75 92.12 93.62 T:bash256 91.25 92.50 93.62 T:luffa256 90.38 92.62 95.25 T:bash384 96.50 97.25 98.62 T:sarmal256 86.25? 98.62? 99.25? prh42s1024 99.12 100.38 101.38 asconxofv12 99.00 101.00 102.88 asconhashv12 101.12 101.50 102.12 T:ripemd160 102.12 102.88 103.62 T:shavite3256 104.12 105.75 108.38 sha3512 104.62 105.88 108.62 shake256 104.25 106.12 108.75 sha3224 104.50 106.25 109.75 sha3256 104.75 106.25 109.38 shake128 104.62 106.38 108.38 sha3384 109.00 111.38 115.38 T:keccak 110.00 112.62 116.00 T:keccakc1024 110.62 113.38 116.25 T:keccakc512 110.88 113.38 116.62 T:keccakc768 111.62 113.38 114.25 T:cubehash512 112.75 114.25 116.50 T:keccakc448 113.50 114.88 116.12 T:shamashashv1 114.00 114.88 115.25 T:nasha256 112.25 115.25 118.50 T:keccakc256 114.50 115.50 116.25 T:drygascon128 114.50 115.62 117.00 T:sarmal512 126.75 127.50 128.62 T:cheetah512 127.50 131.12 134.12 T:esch256v1 130.50 133.12 138.88 T:esch256v2 132.50 133.38 135.12 prh64s1024 135.38 136.50 137.38 T:luffa384 142.50 143.12 144.38 T:sneikha256 146.25 148.00 150.25 asconhashabi32v12 149.25 150.62 151.25 T:groestl256 153.00 154.88 155.50 T:whirlpool 155.75 157.00 158.25 sha1 158.62 159.75 165.88 T:skein10241024 158.62 160.62 161.88 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 159.88 160.75 161.38 T:triadhashv1 162.88 164.38 166.88 T:saturninhashv2 164.12 165.12 166.75 sha224 181.50 182.00 182.75 T:shabal256 182.25 183.00 183.75 T:shabal512 184.50 186.00 187.88 T:romulush 192.88 194.12 197.12 T:cubehash832 193.38 197.38 200.62 T:cubehash816 197.62 200.00 202.12 asconhashbi32v12 203.38 204.75 208.12 T:cubehash88 209.88 212.12 213.88 T:jh256 210.00 212.25 214.00 T:jh512 211.12 212.50 214.00 T:luffa512 210.62 212.62 214.50 T:jh384 211.38 218.62 221.75 T:clxhash 212.50 219.25 221.62 T:jh224 220.62 223.12 226.12 T:cubehash84 223.50 225.00 226.62 T:knot256v1 236.12 237.75 240.00 T:nasha512 239.12 240.62 244.25 sha384 238.00 241.62 245.50 T:esch384v1 245.12 246.25 248.00 T:round3jh256 242.75 246.50 251.25 T:esch384v2 245.75 246.88 249.25 T:round3jh512 251.12 252.25 253.75 T:simd512 252.38 254.50 256.38 T:knot256v2 253.75 255.25 257.00 T:cubehash82 257.75 259.50 263.12 T:drygascon256 263.62 266.00 270.38 T:fugue256 277.50 280.50 286.00 T:bblake256 289.88 291.38 292.88 T:fugue384 289.25 293.12 299.62 T:simd256 292.25 296.50 302.12 T:shavite3512 300.62 303.50 305.62 T:coral256v1 336.25 338.38 340.12 T:cubehash81 365.62 366.25 368.50 T:groestl512 379.75 382.00 384.00 T:cubehash1632 378.75 382.25 385.62 T:cubehash1616 381.50 383.50 389.25 T:fugue2 398.62 399.12 400.25 T:lane256 403.38 405.75 407.62 T:keccakc256treed2 404.00 405.75 407.75 T:keccakc512treed2 404.12 407.75 410.00 T:cubehash168 412.25 413.12 414.50 T:mcssha6 416.50 418.00 419.38 T:sneikha384 426.50 428.75 433.12 T:fugue512 435.50 437.62 439.25 T:cubehash164 440.88 441.62 442.38 T:mcssha4 489.38 497.50 507.62 T:echosp256 493.88 499.75 502.88 T:knot384 519.62 523.25 526.12 T:cubehash162 550.88 552.38 553.88 T:essence224 551.12 552.62 555.00 T:essence256 549.62 570.00 584.25 T:echo512 591.62 594.50 599.50 T:md6d224 609.00 614.50 619.62 T:echosp512 628.88 634.75 640.88 T:knot512 636.75 650.88 657.75 T:md6d256 675.12 690.75 709.12 T:mgrostl256 689.25 692.75 697.88 T:fsb256 770.12 772.00 774.62 T:essence384 775.38 777.25 780.00 T:essence512 825.25 826.38 827.62 T:mcssha5 842.62 847.25 851.00 T:md6d384 935.62 939.00 941.50 T:cubehash161 1001.88 1003.38 1006.88 T:syconhash256v1 1019.00 1022.62 1025.75 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1065.62? 1149.38? 1245.62? T:atelopus32 1335.00 1346.00 1348.50 T:lane512 1544.25 1550.75 1559.62 T:subterraneanv1 1560.25 1619.62 1706.75 T:atelopus64 3237.12 3358.50 3554.62 T:skinnyhashtk2 3353.38 3584.88 3589.50 T:skinnyhashtk3 4401.00 4403.88 4410.88 T:acehash256v1 6163.00? 6256.62? 7545.38? T:heron256v1 7885.50 7896.12 7905.75 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 10191.12 10291.62 10381.88 T:gage1h256c256r128 14346.25 14796.38 15156.88 T:gage1h256c224r064 15712.62 15723.25 15734.50 T:orangishv1 15574.50 16372.62 16526.62 T:gage1h256c256r064 18874.50 19166.00 19396.75 T:gage1h256c224r032 25537.50 26181.25 26765.38 T:gage1h256c256r032 28655.88 28829.38 29716.88 T:gage1h256c512r064 45527.62 45770.12 46139.12 T:gage1h256c256r016 48053.00 48165.88 48226.50 T:gage1h256c224r016 49426.88 50612.75 51860.62 T:gage1h256c512r032 102331.50 102369.25 103311.00 T:gage1h256c224r008 3092208.75 3096004.12 3100040.50 T:fsb512