VAMPIRE	eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems	ECRYPT II

Measurements of hash functions on one machine: amd64; Golden Cove (906a4-40); 2022 Intel Core i3-1215U, P cores; 2 x 1600MHz; alder2,big, supercop-20250922

[Page version: 20251103 11:56:29]

eBASH (ECRYPT Benchmarking of All Submitted Hashes) is a project to measure the performance of hash functions. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBASH:

• Speed (cycles/byte) of hashing an 8-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 64-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 576-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 1536-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 4096-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a long message.

Graphs show timings for all message lengths between 0 and 4096 bytes. The stair-step shape of a typical curve on the graphs reflects the fact that these hash functions handle messages in blocks, such as 64-byte blocks.

Long-message speed is computed as 1/2048 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 4096-byte messages and hashing 2048-byte messages, or (starting with supercop-20200409) 1/16384 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 18208-byte messages and hashing 1824-byte messages. Slightly different computations are used for some hash functions with non-power-of-2 block sizes.

There is a separate page with more information about each hash function and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new hash functions and new implementations should read the call for submissions.

Test results

Graphs: (bytes,cycles)

NISTLWC graphs: (bytes,cycles)

Cycles/byte for long messages 25% 50% 75% hash -0.00 -0.00 0.00 T:floppsy 0.14 0.15 0.15 komihash 0.36 0.37 0.37 prh64s1024 0.36? 0.37? 0.42? prh64s256 0.37 0.37 0.38 prh64s512 0.53 0.53 0.53 prh42s256 0.54 0.55 0.55 prh42s512 0.54 0.55 0.56 prh42s1024 0.61 0.62 0.62 T:bebb4185 0.93 0.93 0.97 T:blake3 1.23 1.24 1.24 T:edonr512 1.82 1.83 1.83 sha1 2.04 2.05 2.05 sha224 2.05 2.05 2.05 sha256 1.96 2.05 2.06 T:bmw512 2.13 2.13 2.14 lsh512 2.41 2.42 2.43 T:edonr256 2.65 2.69 2.71 T:k12 2.71 2.71 2.72 T:echo256 2.81 2.82 2.82 T:md4 3.19 3.19 3.20 lsh256 3.29 3.30 3.30 T:blake2b 3.96 3.96 3.96 T:beamsplitter 4.09 4.10 4.11 T:blake64 4.19 4.19 4.20 T:cubehash832 4.15 4.29 4.32 T:bmw256 4.38 4.39 4.41 blake512 4.50 4.52 4.54 T:skein512256 4.55 4.56 4.57 T:skein10241024 4.56 4.57 4.58 T:cheetah256 4.56 4.58 4.59 T:skein512512 4.63 4.64 4.64 T:keccakc256treed2 4.63 4.64 4.65 sha384 4.77 4.77 4.78 md5 4.78 4.78 4.79 T:sarmal256 4.81 4.82 4.82 T:bblake256 4.72 4.83 4.93 T:keccakc256 4.86 4.95 5.03 shake128 5.01 5.02 5.02 sha512 5.03 5.03 5.04 T:tiger 5.10 5.11 5.12 T:bash256 5.23 5.24 5.24 T:blake2s 5.41 5.41 5.41 T:shabal256 5.41 5.41 5.42 T:shabal512 5.45 5.51 5.63 T:keccakc448 5.61 5.61 5.62 T:blake32 5.66 5.67 5.67 T:keccakc512treed2 5.69 5.74 5.95 sha3224 5.90 5.93 6.11 sha3256 5.94 5.95 5.97 T:sarmal512 5.84 5.98 6.14 T:keccakc512 5.99 6.01 6.08 shake256 6.23 6.24 6.25 T:skein256256 6.13 6.28 6.45 T:keccak 6.47 6.49 6.51 T:cheetah512 6.78 6.78 6.80 T:bash384 7.08 7.09 7.11 T:simd512 7.12 7.13 7.13 T:rfsb509 7.33 7.34 7.34 blake256 7.76 7.96 8.15 T:keccakc768 7.94 8.02 8.23 sha3384 8.13 8.13 8.14 T:groestl256 8.31 8.31 8.34 T:cubehash816 8.35 8.36 8.36 T:cubehash1632 8.49 8.49 8.50 T:cubehash512 8.60 8.66 8.86 T:fugue2 10.22 10.23 10.25 T:bash512 10.38 10.39 10.39 T:groestl512 10.63 10.63 10.65 T:luffa256 10.83 10.84 10.85 T:luffa384 10.85 11.09 11.41 T:keccakc1024 11.04 11.11 11.34 sha3512 11.55 11.56 11.56 T:ripemd160 11.69 11.72 11.73 T:shavite3256 11.55 11.97 12.03 T:md6d224 12.43 12.44 12.46 T:gimli24v1 12.65 12.66 12.67 T:jh256 12.65 12.66 12.68 T:jh512 12.65 12.66 12.67 T:jh384 12.65 12.66 12.67 T:jh224 12.47 12.79 13.02 T:md6d256 13.18 13.20 13.21 asconhashav12 13.00 13.21 13.26 asconxofav12 13.21 13.22 13.25 T:nasha256 13.22 13.28 13.84 T:nasha512 13.53 13.58 13.66 T:fugue256 14.87 14.88 14.90 T:round3jh512 14.88 14.88 14.90 T:round3jh256 15.31 15.34 15.38 T:xoodyakv1 15.65 15.70 15.77 T:lane256 16.21 16.27 16.52 T:md6d384 16.65 16.66 16.67 T:cubehash1616 16.73 16.74 16.74 T:cubehash88 16.76 16.77 16.77 T:whirlpool 17.16 17.18 17.19 T:luffa512 17.10 17.58 18.38 T:echosp256 17.63 17.75 18.06 T:simd256 18.21 18.27 18.33 T:shavite3512 19.75 19.77 19.78 asconxofv12 19.71 19.80 19.87 asconhashv12 20.30 20.32 20.33 T:hamsi 20.93 20.95 20.96 T:fugue384 23.32 23.64 24.13 T:mgrostl256 23.71 23.76 23.84 T:shamashashv1 24.34 24.57 25.00 T:echosp512 24.70 24.74 24.77 T:esch256v1 24.84 24.87 25.32 T:esch256v2 25.75 25.80 25.82 asconhashabi32v12 27.15 27.17 27.18 T:fugue512 27.58 27.59 27.66 T:lane512 29.41 29.60 29.73 T:atelopus64 29.85 30.03 30.17 T:atelopus32 29.85? 30.16? 36.48? T:fsb256 30.68 30.69 30.70 T:essence512 30.68 30.70 31.41 T:essence384 32.59 33.15 34.00 T:echo512 33.37 33.39 33.40 T:cubehash168 33.43 33.45 33.46 T:cubehash84 34.13 34.16 34.21 T:esch384v1 34.08? 34.83? 39.01? T:esch384v2 34.99 35.00 35.01 T:sneikha256 38.54 38.59 38.65 asconhashbi32v12 38.86 38.87 38.89 T:saturninhashv2 39.82 39.84 39.87 T:drygascon128 43.15 43.17 43.19 T:romulush 43.30 43.33 43.38 T:essence224 43.28 43.34 43.37 T:essence256 46.01 46.02 46.02 T:mcssha6 46.01 46.02 46.02 T:mcssha5 46.01 46.02 46.02 T:mcssha4 51.30 51.77 51.99 T:drygascon256 59.90 59.94 59.96 T:coral256v1 60.19 60.43 61.40 T:knot256v2 66.68 66.69 66.70 T:cubehash82 66.73 66.75 66.77 T:cubehash164 69.87 69.89 69.92 T:sneikha384 79.00 79.02 79.03 T:triadhashv1 75.26? 80.45? 83.87? T:fsb512 110.62 110.64 110.67 T:knot256v1 111.35? 125.26? 131.92? T:clxhash 133.26 133.37 133.41 T:cubehash162 133.37 133.39 133.41 T:cubehash81 158.46 158.66 159.00 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 167.54 167.59 167.66 T:syconhash256v1 208.41 208.58 208.70 T:knot512 218.88 219.53 219.72 T:knot384 260.36 260.47 261.36 T:cubehash161 651.39 653.07 664.27 T:heron256v1 693.90 694.38 695.00 T:subterraneanv1 731.99 732.42 732.91 T:acehash256v1 893.66 894.24 894.58 T:skinnyhashtk3 924.86 926.42 929.47 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1613.75 1662.08 1670.25 T:skinnyhashtk2 1707.39 1725.88 1770.37 T:gage1h256c256r128 2345.62 2405.42 2435.71 T:gage1h256c224r064 2623.11 2624.39 2626.81 T:orangishv1 2666.34 2675.78 2808.67 T:gage1h256c256r064 3587.08 3658.28 3713.49 T:gage1h256c224r032 4656.98 4690.81 4812.04 T:gage1h256c256r032 4743.67 4784.95 5083.76 T:gage1h256c512r064 7860.16 7867.81 7923.13 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 8721.48 8919.13 8995.44 T:gage1h256c256r016 8883.03 9123.73 9198.23 T:gage1h256c512r032 9147.54 9154.19 9162.86 T:gage1h256c224r016 19980.47 19992.62 20007.04 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 4096 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.00 0.00 0.00 T:floppsy 0.16 0.16 0.17 komihash 0.44 0.44 0.45 prh64s256 0.51 0.53 0.54 prh64s512 0.58 0.59 0.59 prh42s256 0.58 0.59 0.59 prh64s1024 0.63 0.63 0.64 T:bebb4185 0.63 0.63 0.65 prh42s512 0.70 0.71 0.72 prh42s1024 1.25 1.26 1.27 T:blake3 1.28 1.30 1.36 T:edonr512 2.09 2.09 2.09 sha256 2.12 2.13 2.14 sha1 2.18 2.19 2.21 T:bmw512 2.27 2.28 2.28 lsh512 2.35 2.36 2.36 sha224 2.46 2.47 2.50 T:edonr256 2.70 2.71 2.73 T:k12 2.83 2.83 2.84 T:echo256 2.87 2.87 2.88 T:md4 3.28 3.29 3.29 T:blake2b 3.29 3.30 3.30 lsh256 4.01 4.02 4.03 T:beamsplitter 4.25 4.26 4.27 T:blake64 4.19 4.33 4.56 T:bmw256 4.56 4.57 4.58 T:cubehash832 4.57 4.57 4.59 blake512 4.60 4.62 4.63 T:skein512256 4.64 4.65 4.66 T:skein512512 4.74 4.74 4.75 T:skein10241024 4.76 4.77 4.78 T:cheetah256 4.85 4.85 4.86 md5 4.96 4.97 4.98 T:sarmal256 4.94 5.04 5.10 T:keccakc256 5.01 5.06 5.15 shake128 5.11 5.12 5.14 sha384 5.15 5.16 5.17 T:tiger 5.19 5.20 5.21 sha512 5.23 5.23 5.24 T:blake2s 5.27 5.28 5.30 T:bash256 5.32 5.33 5.34 T:keccakc256treed2 5.33 5.34 5.35 T:bblake256 5.71 5.72 5.73 T:blake32 5.62 5.74 5.85 T:keccakc448 5.76 5.77 5.77 T:shabal256 5.77 5.77 5.78 T:shabal512 5.84 5.91 5.96 sha3224 6.17 6.18 6.20 T:sarmal512 6.09 6.25 6.34 T:keccakc512 6.18 6.26 6.32 shake256 6.22 6.30 6.33 sha3256 6.29 6.31 6.32 T:skein256256 6.44 6.45 6.46 T:keccakc512treed2 6.44 6.48 6.71 T:keccak 6.88 6.88 6.90 T:bash384 6.98 7.00 7.01 T:cheetah512 7.27 7.28 7.28 T:rfsb509 7.37 7.38 7.39 T:simd512 7.45 7.46 7.47 blake256 8.03 8.07 8.15 sha3384 8.00 8.18 8.28 T:keccakc768 8.43 8.44 8.45 T:groestl256 8.69 8.71 8.72 T:cubehash816 8.71 8.72 8.73 T:cubehash512 9.10 9.11 9.12 T:cubehash1632 9.40 9.57 9.73 T:fugue2 10.38 10.41 10.43 T:bash512 10.81 10.82 10.84 T:luffa256 11.10 11.11 11.12 T:luffa384 11.11 11.12 11.13 T:groestl512 11.02 11.13 11.35 T:keccakc1024 11.20 11.24 11.55 sha3512 11.75 11.76 11.77 T:ripemd160 11.92 11.93 11.94 T:shavite3256 11.70 12.06 12.11 T:md6d224 12.52 12.55 12.57 T:gimli24v1 12.85 12.86 12.88 T:jh512 12.85 12.87 12.88 T:jh256 12.86 12.88 12.89 T:jh384 12.67 12.88 13.03 T:md6d256 12.87 12.89 12.90 T:jh224 13.31 13.33 13.36 asconhashav12 13.19 13.34 13.39 asconxofav12 13.47 13.49 13.50 T:nasha256 13.76 13.80 14.27 T:nasha512 14.07 14.10 14.18 T:fugue256 15.11 15.13 15.14 T:round3jh512 15.11 15.13 15.15 T:round3jh256 15.39 15.42 15.47 T:xoodyakv1 16.19 16.27 16.36 T:lane256 16.28 16.49 16.59 T:md6d384 17.09 17.10 17.11 T:whirlpool 17.11 17.12 17.13 T:cubehash88 17.39 17.40 17.41 T:cubehash1616 17.59 17.60 17.62 T:luffa512 17.72 18.01 18.55 T:echosp256 18.23 18.45 18.54 T:simd256 18.78 18.92 19.04 T:shavite3512 19.91 19.93 19.96 asconxofv12 19.77 19.95 20.01 asconhashv12 20.40 20.42 20.45 T:hamsi 21.46 21.49 21.51 T:fugue384 23.09 23.48 24.40 T:fsb256 24.35 24.48 24.52 T:shamashashv1 24.76 24.81 25.01 T:mgrostl256 24.85 24.87 24.91 T:esch256v1 25.00 25.06 25.08 T:esch256v2 25.14 25.35 25.56 T:echosp512 26.07 26.10 26.14 asconhashabi32v12 27.92 27.96 27.98 T:fugue512 29.34 29.35 29.36 T:lane512 30.67 30.79 30.97 T:atelopus64 30.94 31.03 31.28 T:atelopus32 31.71 31.72 31.74 T:essence512 31.71 31.75 32.42 T:essence384 33.82 33.83 33.85 T:cubehash84 34.12 34.13 34.14 T:cubehash168 34.43 34.49 34.56 T:esch384v1 34.88? 34.91? 38.88? T:esch384v2 34.25 35.05 35.75 T:echo512 35.27 35.28 35.29 T:sneikha256 38.94 38.96 38.99 asconhashbi32v12 39.20 39.22 39.24 T:saturninhashv2 39.92 39.94 39.97 T:drygascon128 43.52 43.54 43.57 T:romulush 44.04 44.06 44.11 T:essence224 44.08 44.10 44.13 T:essence256 46.73 46.74 46.74 T:mcssha6 46.78 46.78 46.79 T:mcssha4 47.53 47.54 47.54 T:mcssha5 51.73 51.80 51.85 T:drygascon256 60.36 60.40 60.44 T:coral256v1 60.91 60.95 61.01 T:knot256v2 67.06 67.08 67.10 T:cubehash82 67.46 67.48 67.52 T:cubehash164 70.67 70.72 70.76 T:sneikha384 79.16 79.19 79.21 T:triadhashv1 110.83 110.87 110.91 T:knot256v1 112.88? 112.94? 130.20? T:clxhash 133.76 133.80 133.82 T:cubehash81 133.86 133.89 134.08 T:cubehash162 157.41 157.72 158.96 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 169.19 169.23 169.31 T:syconhash256v1 209.30 209.49 209.67 T:knot512 218.70 219.27 219.88 T:knot384 261.71 261.84 262.55 T:cubehash161 663.23 664.67 674.42 T:heron256v1 695.88 696.12 697.49 T:subterraneanv1 739.65 740.20 740.64 T:acehash256v1 900.36 900.78 901.28 T:skinnyhashtk3 922.81 924.12 926.41 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1618.71 1665.75 1670.78 T:skinnyhashtk2 1731.12 1751.81 1771.58 T:gage1h256c256r128 2377.54 2421.48 2459.81 T:gage1h256c224r064 2642.43 2643.76 2645.29 T:orangishv1 2700.65 2707.83 2825.88 T:gage1h256c256r064 3636.27 3691.96 3749.35 T:gage1h256c224r032 4713.74 4758.96 4859.01 T:gage1h256c256r032 4805.82 4831.02 5097.86 T:gage1h256c512r064 6104.68 6122.49 6135.05 T:fsb512 7857.82 7861.05 7909.52 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 8819.36 8918.32 9086.69 T:gage1h256c256r016 9001.19 9165.98 9241.58 T:gage1h256c512r032 9225.52 9232.82 9239.08 T:gage1h256c224r016 20139.14 20152.33 20176.22 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 1536 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.01 0.01 0.01 T:floppsy 0.17? 0.18? 0.21? komihash 0.56 0.57 0.61 prh64s256 0.66 0.66 0.67 T:bebb4185 0.68 0.72 0.73 prh42s256 0.76 0.77 0.79 prh42s512 0.76 0.79 0.80 prh64s512 0.97 0.98 0.99 prh42s1024 0.96 0.98 1.01 prh64s1024 1.38? 1.44? 1.54? T:edonr512 2.15 2.15 2.15 sha256 2.38 2.40 2.46 T:bmw512 2.51 2.52 2.53 lsh512 2.54 2.55 2.58 T:edonr256 2.62 2.63 2.64 sha1 2.85 2.86 2.87 sha224 2.92 2.94 2.98 T:k12 2.95 2.95 2.96 T:md4 3.13 3.14 3.15 T:echo256 3.27 3.28 3.29 T:blake2b 3.47 3.48 3.49 lsh256 3.56 3.57 3.58 T:blake3 4.08 4.09 4.13 T:beamsplitter 4.48 4.50 4.55 T:blake64 4.46 4.60 4.73 T:bmw256 4.74 4.76 4.79 T:skein512256 4.77 4.78 4.80 T:skein512512 4.81 4.84 4.87 blake512 4.98 4.99 5.00 md5 5.00 5.01 5.04 T:skein10241024 5.04 5.05 5.07 T:cheetah256 5.17 5.19 5.20 T:cubehash832 5.21 5.22 5.23 T:blake2s 5.26 5.28 5.30 T:sarmal256 5.34 5.37 5.42 shake128 5.35 5.37 5.40 T:tiger 5.35 5.41 5.50 T:keccakc256 5.48 5.50 5.52 sha512 5.56 5.57 5.60 T:bash256 5.78 5.81 6.06 T:keccakc448 5.86 5.88 5.90 sha384 5.89 5.89 5.91 T:blake32 5.87 5.95 6.13 sha3224 6.12 6.14 6.17 T:keccakc256treed2 6.21 6.22 6.24 T:bblake256 6.36 6.36 6.37 T:shabal256 6.37 6.38 6.43 T:shabal512 6.36 6.39 6.46 T:keccakc512 6.39 6.41 6.45 T:skein256256 6.37 6.47 6.54 shake256 6.51 6.55 6.58 sha3256 6.54 6.56 6.57 T:sarmal512 6.79 6.85 7.00 T:keccak 7.12 7.13 7.14 T:keccakc512treed2 7.26 7.29 7.32 T:bash384 7.52 7.54 7.55 T:rfsb509 7.65 7.66 7.67 blake256 7.80 7.82 7.84 T:simd512 7.83 7.85 7.90 T:cheetah512 7.90 8.06 8.15 T:keccakc768 7.99 8.14 8.25 sha3384 8.87 8.88 8.90 T:groestl256 9.07 9.09 9.10 T:cubehash512 9.31 9.32 9.33 T:cubehash816 10.33 10.34 10.35 T:cubehash1632 10.57 10.65 10.79 T:fugue2 10.68 10.70 10.73 T:bash512 11.10 11.13 11.16 T:luffa256 11.42 11.53 11.76 T:keccakc1024 11.51 11.53 11.56 T:luffa384 11.61 11.75 12.11 sha3512 11.53 11.91 11.95 T:md6d224 12.08 12.09 12.10 T:ripemd160 12.25 12.28 12.28 T:shavite3256 12.29 12.31 12.33 T:groestl512 12.41 12.60 12.87 T:md6d256 12.68 12.72 12.77 T:gimli24v1 13.18 13.20 13.22 T:jh256 13.18 13.21 13.22 T:jh512 13.19 13.21 13.24 T:jh384 13.20 13.22 13.25 T:jh224 13.36 13.49 13.62 asconxofav12 13.47 13.51 13.54 asconhashav12 13.91 13.93 13.96 T:nasha256 14.55 14.58 15.06 T:nasha512 15.01 15.03 15.07 T:fugue256 15.50 15.52 15.55 T:round3jh512 15.50 15.53 15.57 T:round3jh256 15.54 15.57 15.60 T:xoodyakv1 16.03 16.26 16.30 T:md6d384 17.10 17.22 17.29 T:lane256 17.63 17.65 17.68 T:whirlpool 17.71 17.73 17.75 T:cubehash88 18.27 18.29 18.31 T:luffa512 17.78 18.39 18.70 T:echosp256 18.61 18.63 18.64 T:cubehash1616 18.84 19.07 19.39 T:simd256 19.72 19.87 19.96 T:shavite3512 20.14 20.20 20.23 asconxofv12 20.12 20.22 20.27 asconhashv12 20.57 20.60 20.63 T:hamsi 22.29 22.35 22.41 T:fugue384 22.37 22.44 22.51 T:fsb256 24.62 24.76 24.91 T:shamashashv1 25.17 25.25 25.32 T:esch256v1 25.27 25.32 25.43 T:esch256v2 26.45 26.54 26.59 asconhashabi32v12 27.05 27.12 27.65 T:mgrostl256 27.53 27.76 28.04 T:echosp512 29.20 29.24 29.30 T:fugue512 32.27 32.31 32.32 T:lane512 32.69 33.25 33.59 T:atelopus64 33.40 33.43 33.47 T:essence384 33.43 33.45 33.48 T:essence512 33.23 33.57 33.88 T:atelopus32 34.46 34.49 34.52 T:cubehash84 35.02 35.10 35.19 T:esch384v1 35.33 35.36 35.40 T:cubehash168 35.40 35.52 35.65 T:esch384v2 35.71 35.73 35.75 T:sneikha256 36.25 36.83 37.74 T:echo512 39.56 39.59 39.63 asconhashbi32v12 39.79 39.83 39.87 T:saturninhashv2 40.12 40.15 40.20 T:drygascon128 44.13 44.17 44.22 T:romulush 45.26 45.29 45.37 T:essence224 45.31 45.35 45.40 T:essence256 47.92 47.93 47.94 T:mcssha6 48.07 48.08 48.08 T:mcssha4 50.08 50.08 50.10 T:mcssha5 52.28 52.39 52.44 T:drygascon256 61.13 61.18 61.26 T:coral256v1 61.71 61.78 63.66 T:knot256v2 67.70 67.73 67.76 T:cubehash82 68.69 68.72 68.77 T:cubehash164 72.02 72.04 72.07 T:sneikha384 79.43 79.48 79.51 T:triadhashv1 111.21 111.24 111.28 T:knot256v1 113.22 113.29 113.36 T:clxhash 134.45 134.48 134.54 T:cubehash81 135.07 135.13 135.27 T:cubehash162 156.52 156.65 156.98 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 171.89 171.98 172.05 T:syconhash256v1 210.50 210.69 211.06 T:knot512 220.43 220.72 221.23 T:knot384 263.87 264.14 264.66 T:cubehash161 681.83 682.71 691.87 T:heron256v1 698.33 698.71 699.16 T:subterraneanv1 751.66 751.90 752.51 T:acehash256v1 911.63 912.66 913.24 T:skinnyhashtk3 919.90 921.65 924.92 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1635.00 1665.98 1670.24 T:skinnyhashtk2 1763.14 1778.99 1828.30 T:gage1h256c256r128 2425.72 2464.21 2518.48 T:gage1h256c224r064 2676.82 2678.04 2681.47 T:orangishv1 2743.90 2750.12 2853.84 T:gage1h256c256r064 3646.12 3762.59 3801.05 T:gage1h256c224r032 4749.95 4855.58 4924.70 T:gage1h256c256r032 4874.42 4975.09 5096.88 T:gage1h256c512r064 7845.05 7847.19 7893.44 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 8969.12 9078.23 9172.17 T:gage1h256c256r016 9137.20 9248.53 9380.80 T:gage1h256c512r032 9352.62 9362.94 9374.15 T:gage1h256c224r016 16173.29 16208.72 16238.41 T:fsb512 20400.81 20417.25 20452.24 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 576 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.03 0.03 0.03 T:floppsy 0.19? 0.20? 0.29? komihash 0.76 0.76 0.78 T:bebb4185 0.90 0.91 0.93 prh42s256 0.93 0.96 0.97 prh64s256 1.14? 1.15? 1.27? prh42s512 1.36 1.39 1.44 prh64s512 1.52 1.56 1.63 T:edonr512 1.65 1.66 1.69 prh42s1024 1.92 1.94 2.01 prh64s1024 2.32 2.32 2.33 sha256 2.77 2.84 2.90 T:edonr256 2.80 2.86 2.93 T:bmw512 2.89 2.91 2.92 lsh512 3.21 3.22 3.23 T:md4 3.20 3.22 3.39 T:k12 3.45 3.46 3.47 T:blake3 3.53 3.54 3.58 lsh256 3.61 3.62 3.65 T:blake2b 3.82 3.84 3.86 T:echo256 3.97 3.98 4.01 sha1 4.22 4.23 4.24 sha224 4.27 4.28 4.32 T:beamsplitter 4.67 4.69 4.75 T:blake64 4.99 5.00 5.10 blake512 5.12 5.15 5.20 T:skein512256 5.16 5.19 5.22 T:skein512512 5.18 5.20 5.21 T:blake2s 5.34 5.34 5.39 md5 5.34 5.36 5.46 T:bmw256 5.44 5.49 5.55 T:sarmal256 5.50 5.52 5.57 T:cheetah256 5.64 5.68 5.88 shake128 5.71 5.73 5.77 sha512 5.74 5.77 5.82 T:bash256 5.74 5.83 5.93 T:keccakc256 5.82 5.86 5.94 T:tiger 6.22 6.24 6.32 T:skein10241024 6.35 6.36 6.38 T:blake32 6.67 6.72 6.77 T:skein256256 6.75 6.80 6.83 T:sarmal512 6.77 6.80 6.83 T:cubehash832 7.04 7.11 7.28 T:keccak 7.10 7.16 7.36 T:keccakc512 7.12 7.20 7.28 sha3256 7.15 7.28 7.37 shake256 7.18 7.31 7.44 T:keccakc448 7.22 7.31 7.41 sha3224 7.46 7.53 7.55 sha384 7.95 7.96 7.97 T:shabal256 7.97 7.97 8.01 T:shabal512 8.02 8.07 8.10 T:bash384 8.18 8.20 8.21 blake256 8.18 8.20 8.21 T:rfsb509 8.24 8.27 8.29 T:keccakc256treed2 8.50 8.62 8.73 sha3384 8.59 8.69 8.86 T:keccakc768 8.86 8.90 8.92 T:bblake256 9.33 9.37 9.43 T:cheetah512 9.72 9.75 9.83 T:simd512 10.08 10.11 10.14 T:cubehash512 10.11 10.15 10.18 T:groestl256 10.93 10.94 10.98 T:keccakc512treed2 10.95 10.96 10.99 T:cubehash816 11.45 11.48 11.53 T:bash512 11.84 11.90 11.95 T:luffa256 12.67 12.72 12.78 T:luffa384 12.62 12.72 12.88 T:keccakc1024 12.66 12.79 12.92 sha3512 13.01 13.03 13.05 T:ripemd160 12.84 13.11 13.13 T:shavite3256 13.15 13.19 13.25 T:gimli24v1 13.55 13.57 13.62 T:cubehash1632 13.81 13.90 14.05 T:fugue2 14.00 14.05 14.13 asconhashav12 14.08 14.12 14.16 T:jh384 14.10 14.13 14.18 T:jh224 14.05 14.15 14.23 asconxofav12 14.09 14.15 14.20 T:jh512 14.11 14.15 14.19 T:jh256 14.54 14.60 14.64 T:groestl512 14.97 15.04 15.12 T:nasha256 15.14 15.25 15.59 T:nasha512 15.85 15.88 15.96 T:xoodyakv1 16.54 16.58 16.63 T:round3jh256 16.57 16.61 16.64 T:round3jh512 17.25 17.30 17.44 T:fugue256 18.93 18.94 19.14 T:whirlpool 19.31 19.35 19.38 T:cubehash88 19.31 19.54 19.56 T:lane256 20.01 20.08 20.51 T:simd256 20.09 20.14 20.17 T:luffa512 20.32 20.41 20.59 T:shavite3512 20.86 20.90 20.96 asconxofv12 20.81 20.92 21.02 asconhashv12 20.94 21.01 21.10 T:hamsi 20.97 21.13 21.18 T:echosp256 21.84 21.88 21.93 T:cubehash1616 23.21 23.89 23.97 T:md6d224 24.59 24.66 24.77 T:fugue384 25.01 25.30 25.68 T:md6d256 25.46 25.68 25.79 T:shamashashv1 25.81 25.92 26.06 T:esch256v1 25.99 26.08 26.22 T:esch256v2 27.89 27.97 28.05 asconhashabi32v12 28.57 28.76 28.88 T:fsb256 30.48 30.56 30.93 T:mgrostl256 32.36 32.62 32.93 T:md6d384 32.59 32.72 32.79 T:fugue512 32.95 33.04 33.25 T:echosp512 36.05 36.12 36.18 T:cubehash84 36.62 36.73 36.90 T:esch384v1 36.91 36.96 36.99 T:sneikha256 36.91 37.17 37.46 T:esch384v2 36.52 37.68 38.45 T:echo512 37.94 37.97 38.02 T:essence384 38.02 38.05 38.10 T:essence512 38.55 38.59 38.65 T:cubehash168 40.53 40.61 40.69 T:drygascon128 41.33 41.39 41.50 T:saturninhashv2 41.40 41.49 41.64 asconhashbi32v12 41.58 42.31 43.77 T:atelopus32 43.16 43.22 43.26 T:lane512 45.76 45.83 45.88 T:romulush 47.80 48.20 49.03 T:atelopus64 48.55 48.59 48.65 T:essence224 48.57 48.62 48.71 T:essence256 51.11 51.12 51.14 T:mcssha6 51.51 51.52 51.53 T:mcssha4 53.66 53.76 53.84 T:drygascon256 56.85 56.86 56.89 T:mcssha5 63.24 63.35 63.44 T:coral256v1 63.83 63.94 64.07 T:knot256v2 69.32 69.38 69.42 T:cubehash82 71.93 72.03 72.09 T:cubehash164 75.59 75.64 75.70 T:sneikha384 80.19 80.24 80.27 T:triadhashv1 112.17 112.27 112.40 T:knot256v1 114.13? 118.32? 131.45? T:clxhash 136.26 136.31 136.39 T:cubehash81 138.44 138.60 138.78 T:cubehash162 155.19 155.24 155.36 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 179.23 179.31 179.42 T:syconhash256v1 214.23 214.47 214.68 T:knot512 224.40 224.71 225.11 T:knot384 269.74 270.03 270.77 T:cubehash161 705.67 705.98 706.48 T:subterraneanv1 729.01 730.19 740.68 T:heron256v1 783.47 783.92 784.26 T:acehash256v1 914.69 918.82 921.94 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 944.17 944.58 945.00 T:skinnyhashtk3 1654.63 1682.48 1695.41 T:skinnyhashtk2 1850.97 1861.97 1897.48 T:gage1h256c256r128 2495.13 2553.95 2631.74 T:gage1h256c224r064 2765.73 2767.90 2783.19 T:orangishv1 2858.40 2880.88 2960.12 T:gage1h256c256r064 3817.66 3934.15 3946.67 T:gage1h256c224r032 4939.72 5070.48 5208.39 T:gage1h256c256r032 5086.78 5166.45 5299.85 T:gage1h256c512r064 7811.77 7815.74 7857.08 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 9263.62 9309.62 9501.40 T:gage1h256c256r016 9467.66 9552.14 9717.90 T:gage1h256c512r032 9683.11 9699.53 9723.64 T:gage1h256c224r016 21090.35 21100.78 21155.54 T:gage1h256c224r008 42981.02 43044.15 43146.73 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 64 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.22? 0.28? 0.31? T:floppsy 0.58? 0.62? 1.05? komihash 1.72? 1.75? 1.94? T:bebb4185 3.11 3.20 3.27 T:blake3 3.92 3.97 4.02 prh42s256 3.97 4.11 4.19 T:edonr512 4.67 4.75 4.83 sha256 4.81 4.86 4.92 T:blake2s 5.42 5.48 5.56 prh64s256 5.94 5.98 6.14 prh42s512 6.00 6.20 6.53 T:beamsplitter 6.27 6.31 6.42 T:blake2b 6.17? 6.45? 7.23? T:edonr256 6.34 6.47 6.55 T:md4 6.97 7.09 7.19 lsh256 8.61 8.81 9.20 T:k12 9.33 9.42 9.59 T:bmw512 9.44 9.50 9.61 lsh512 9.41 9.62 9.92 T:blake64 9.55 9.62 9.73 T:echo256 9.77 9.89 10.08 T:skein512256 9.84 9.97 10.09 T:skein512512 9.94 10.03 10.31 md5 10.19 10.25 10.47 prh64s512 10.36 10.47 10.61 T:skein256256 10.08 10.70 11.12 blake512 11.05 11.23 11.38 T:bash256 11.16 11.25 11.39 sha512 11.27 11.41 11.61 T:sarmal256 11.25 11.44 11.59 T:bash384 10.75? 11.78? 12.36? prh42s1024 12.38 12.48 12.64 T:blake32 12.38 12.66 12.83 T:cheetah256 12.50 12.67 13.52 T:tiger 12.98 13.12 13.47 sha3384 13.06 13.22 13.56 sha3224 13.12 13.25 13.58 sha3512 12.95 13.34 13.69 sha3256 13.12 13.34 13.73 shake128 13.22 13.45 14.22 shake256 13.36 13.50 13.67 T:sarmal512 13.72 13.86 14.47 T:keccak 13.64 13.89 14.27 T:keccakc1024 13.95 14.16 14.58 T:keccakc448 13.91 14.22 14.53 T:keccakc512 13.98 14.28 14.80 T:keccakc256 13.89 14.30 14.58 T:bmw256 13.98 14.30 14.69 T:keccakc768 14.92 15.00 15.17 T:rfsb509 14.97 15.08 15.19 blake256 15.77 15.81 15.94 T:cheetah512 16.64 16.77 16.88 prh64s1024 18.86 18.98 19.14 T:gimli24v1 19.62 19.75 19.94 T:skein10241024 20.00 20.14 20.31 T:xoodyakv1 20.48 20.80 21.02 asconhashav12 20.56 20.92 21.12 asconxofav12 21.25 21.48 21.70 T:bash512 21.38 21.52 21.72 sha1 21.70 21.80 22.03 T:luffa256 21.73 21.86 21.97 sha224 22.39 22.62 22.89 T:cubehash512 24.11 24.23 24.38 T:ripemd160 23.98 24.44 24.62 T:shavite3256 25.56 25.81 26.02 T:jh384 25.59 25.81 25.97 T:jh512 25.72 25.89 26.12 T:jh224 25.72 26.05 26.47 T:jh256 25.78 26.05 26.41 T:hamsi 26.14 26.22 26.47 T:groestl256 27.03 27.19 28.31 T:nasha256 27.44 27.55 27.67 T:luffa384 27.53 27.75 28.09 T:cubehash832 28.28 28.36 28.42 T:shabal256 28.47 28.55 28.72 T:shabal512 29.38 29.64 30.45 T:nasha512 29.45 29.73 30.17 asconxofv12 29.53 29.80 30.14 asconhashv12 29.84 30.03 30.34 sha384 29.95 30.19 30.50 T:round3jh512 30.12 30.42 30.78 T:round3jh256 31.11 31.27 31.61 T:simd512 31.89 32.05 32.23 T:cubehash816 34.03 34.47 35.05 T:esch256v1 34.33 34.83 35.19 T:esch256v2 35.70 36.06 36.55 T:shamashashv1 36.22 36.36 36.61 T:whirlpool 36.11 36.44 36.97 T:simd256 37.45 37.91 38.31 T:shavite3512 40.05 40.38 40.56 T:cubehash88 41.30 41.52 41.86 asconhashabi32v12 42.28 42.45 42.66 T:bblake256 43.45 43.61 43.86 T:luffa512 44.78 45.30 45.86 T:drygascon128 46.88 47.34 48.03 T:fugue256 47.73 48.00 48.55 T:groestl512 49.31 49.36 49.89 T:lane256 49.80 49.91 50.02 T:keccakc512treed2 50.30 50.45 50.67 T:keccakc256treed2 51.80 51.97 52.09 T:sneikha256 54.30 54.62 54.91 T:fugue384 55.30 55.66 56.08 T:cubehash1632 55.92 56.14 56.55 T:fugue2 55.19 56.34 57.11 T:esch384v1 56.33 56.89 57.66 T:esch384v2 56.78 57.08 57.45 T:cubehash84 58.86 59.17 59.56 asconhashbi32v12 59.39 59.83 60.69 T:saturninhashv2 62.72 62.86 63.19 T:cubehash1616 64.16 64.47 64.75 T:echosp256 66.08 66.31 66.67 T:romulush 66.86 68.00 69.69 T:echo512 70.62 71.00 71.36 T:drygascon256 74.83 75.31 75.83 T:md6d224 75.94 76.53 77.05 T:echosp512 77.08 77.22 77.67 T:fugue512 79.22 79.88 80.88 T:md6d256 79.64 80.02 80.34 T:cubehash168 79.73 80.17 81.52 T:mgrostl256 86.78 87.72 88.47 T:fsb256 89.11 89.36 89.72 T:triadhashv1 90.06 90.30 90.59 T:cubehash82 90.38 90.59 91.05 T:essence224 90.28 90.61 90.94 T:coral256v1 90.47 90.67 90.97 T:essence256 91.83 91.94 92.16 T:mcssha6 91.64 92.28 92.83 T:knot256v2 95.47 95.55 95.69 T:mcssha4 96.08 96.38 96.75 T:essence384 96.41 96.66 97.08 T:essence512 102.31 103.45 106.55 T:md6d384 113.55 113.91 114.38 T:cubehash164 120.98 121.22 121.52 T:sneikha384 124.81 125.02 125.42 T:knot256v1 123.62 125.20 128.08 T:clxhash 132.64 137.31 143.59 T:atelopus32 138.66 139.28 139.59 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 143.55 143.70 143.84 T:mcssha5 159.19 159.64 159.95 T:cubehash81 167.27 167.41 168.77 T:lane512 179.50 180.06 180.70 T:cubehash162 197.64 205.14 213.62 T:atelopus64 245.86 246.97 247.73 T:knot384 261.03 261.81 262.36 T:knot512 271.83 272.38 272.67 T:syconhash256v1 345.14 345.98 346.75 T:cubehash161 801.70 802.20 803.17 T:subterraneanv1 876.56 877.88 879.53 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1190.16 1191.27 1192.25 T:acehash256v1 1339.41 1341.69 1343.58 T:skinnyhashtk3 1340.55 1344.16 1356.77 T:heron256v1 1818.64 1865.16 1873.44 T:skinnyhashtk2 2974.59 2992.17 3042.55 T:gage1h256c256r128 3857.81 3915.84 3947.09 T:gage1h256c224r064 3930.27 3930.94 3931.58 T:orangishv1 4348.66 4483.73 4538.38 T:gage1h256c256r064 5680.36 5700.38 5709.67 T:gage1h256c224r032 7274.28 7380.55 7465.08 T:gage1h256c256r032 7379.91 7388.14 7417.31 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 7957.38 8057.59 8163.72 T:gage1h256c512r064 13186.20 13569.72 13712.64 T:gage1h256c256r016 13844.44 14030.98 14345.44 T:gage1h256c512r032 14025.45 14046.75 14055.09 T:gage1h256c224r016 30237.86 30241.88 30266.61 T:gage1h256c224r008 385844.88 386472.92 387218.06 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 8 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 2.00? 2.38? 2.50? T:floppsy 3.50? 3.75? 4.00? komihash 8.62? 9.00? 9.88? T:bebb4185 17.12 17.88 18.12 T:beamsplitter 24.00 24.62 24.75 sha256 30.25 30.50 31.00 T:md4 30.00 30.88 31.88 T:edonr256 32.00 32.50 33.00 prh42s256 32.12 32.88 33.25 T:blake3 31.88 33.12 33.62 T:edonr512 41.62 42.00 42.50 prh64s256 44.88 45.25 46.00 md5 45.50 46.00 46.50 T:blake2s 47.75 48.00 48.62 prh42s512 54.00 55.25 56.75 T:gimli24v1 56.12 56.62 57.00 T:blake32 56.25 57.12 57.50 T:blake2b 56.75 57.75 60.50 T:tiger 58.75 59.38 60.38 lsh256 63.00 63.75 65.12 T:skein256256 64.88 65.75 66.88 T:hamsi 66.25 66.88 67.50 blake256 67.75 68.12 68.75 T:xoodyakv1 68.12 69.88 72.00 T:k12 72.50 73.38 74.50 asconxofav12 72.75 74.12 75.88 asconhashav12 73.88 76.25 79.88 T:bmw512 76.00 76.50 77.88 lsh512 77.12 77.88 80.88 T:echo256 77.25 78.50 79.62 T:bmw256 76.62 79.00 83.00 T:blake64 78.38 79.00 80.00 prh64s512 78.25 79.88 82.62 T:rfsb509 79.50 80.25 82.62 T:skein512256 80.12 81.25 82.25 T:skein512512 80.50 84.75 88.50 blake512 88.75 89.38 90.50 sha512 90.12 90.38 92.50 T:luffa256 89.62 90.50 91.88 T:cheetah256 89.88 91.00 92.38 T:bash512 90.88 92.00 94.25 T:bash256 90.62 92.38 94.12 T:bash384 96.75 97.50 99.38 T:sarmal256 98.50 98.88 99.38 prh42s1024 98.25 99.38 101.62 asconhashv12 99.38 100.12 103.12 asconxofv12 101.00 101.88 102.50 T:ripemd160 101.62 102.38 103.38 T:shavite3256 103.25 105.25 108.75 sha3224 103.62 105.50 107.62 sha3256 104.12 105.50 107.75 sha3384 104.50 105.88 108.88 shake256 104.88 106.00 108.88 sha3512 104.25 106.50 111.38 shake128 109.12 110.62 113.00 T:drygascon128 109.50 111.88 115.38 T:keccakc1024 110.38 113.38 115.88 T:keccak 112.50 113.50 115.12 T:cubehash512 111.88 114.12 117.00 T:keccakc448 111.75 114.75 117.50 T:keccakc512 114.12 115.25 119.12 T:nasha256 112.75 116.38 118.50 T:keccakc768 114.50 116.50 118.50 T:sarmal512 114.38 116.62 117.88 T:shamashashv1 113.00 117.88 122.00 T:keccakc256 127.12 127.88 128.38 T:cheetah512 127.88 129.50 135.62 T:esch256v1 130.38 132.75 136.62 T:esch256v2 132.00 133.25 134.38 prh64s1024 135.25 135.88 137.12 T:luffa384 142.38 143.25 144.50 T:sneikha256 145.88 147.50 152.00 asconhashabi32v12 148.75 149.62 150.50 T:groestl256 154.50 155.50 157.25 T:whirlpool 158.88 159.12 159.88 sha1 158.62 159.88 161.12 T:skein10241024 159.62 160.38 161.38 T:triadhashv1 159.50 160.88 161.62 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 162.38 163.75 166.12 T:saturninhashv2 163.62 164.75 165.75 sha224 181.12 181.50 181.88 T:shabal256 182.00 182.50 183.00 T:shabal512 184.88 186.12 187.38 T:romulush 192.75 195.38 199.00 T:cubehash816 193.75 196.38 198.00 T:cubehash832 198.12 199.38 200.88 asconhashbi32v12 203.00 204.00 208.88 T:cubehash88 209.75 211.62 213.12 T:jh384 210.75 212.00 213.25 T:luffa512 210.88 212.62 214.38 T:jh512 211.12 212.88 215.75 T:jh256 212.00 213.12 215.50 T:jh224 213.25 218.00 221.38 T:clxhash 224.12 225.38 227.25 T:knot256v1 224.75 226.38 227.38 T:cubehash84 236.25 237.75 240.12 T:nasha512 239.00 243.38 248.12 T:esch384v1 242.88 244.12 246.00 sha384 244.38 245.50 247.12 T:round3jh512 242.00 245.88 250.38 T:esch384v2 245.50 246.50 248.38 T:round3jh256 251.62 252.25 254.12 T:simd512 251.25 254.25 256.62 T:knot256v2 255.75 257.00 263.38 T:drygascon256 255.12 257.50 259.75 T:cubehash82 274.75 276.50 278.75 T:fugue256 277.38 278.62 280.00 T:bblake256 290.00 290.75 292.25 T:fugue384 294.25 297.00 304.00 T:simd256 301.50 303.25 305.38 T:coral256v1 300.75 303.75 307.38 T:shavite3512 337.12 338.75 340.50 T:cubehash81 367.50 369.62 371.38 T:groestl512 377.00 378.88 381.12 T:cubehash1632 376.62 381.75 383.38 T:cubehash1616 379.12 383.75 388.00 T:fugue2 398.38 399.12 403.88 T:lane256 399.12 399.75 400.50 T:keccakc512treed2 400.75 402.50 405.25 T:keccakc256treed2 402.88 406.38 411.50 T:cubehash168 412.12 412.88 414.38 T:mcssha6 417.00 417.88 419.25 T:sneikha384 427.12 428.62 433.62 T:fugue512 435.62 438.25 441.88 T:cubehash164 440.38 441.38 442.62 T:mcssha4 491.88 497.12 501.25 T:knot384 501.88 503.88 505.75 T:cubehash162 512.88 515.75 517.12 T:echosp256 527.62 537.62 553.62 T:echo512 549.88 552.00 553.75 T:essence256 550.25 552.12 553.75 T:essence224 599.12 602.50 604.38 T:md6d224 607.62 618.50 628.75 T:echosp512 628.50 631.12 635.50 T:knot512 638.50 643.00 649.25 T:md6d256 671.88 676.12 686.75 T:mgrostl256 688.00 693.12 700.50 T:fsb256 771.50 773.75 775.75 T:essence384 774.38 775.88 778.12 T:essence512 825.00 827.38 828.38 T:mcssha5 817.88 829.25 851.75 T:md6d384 933.62 935.75 939.25 T:cubehash161 1001.50 1004.62 1006.62 T:syconhash256v1 1020.88 1025.12 1030.25 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1056.62 1074.88 1101.75 T:atelopus32 1342.50 1343.62 1353.75 T:lane512 1552.50 1556.25 1566.62 T:subterraneanv1 1548.88 1584.88 1718.12 T:atelopus64 3251.50 3322.75 3333.25 T:skinnyhashtk2 3588.00 3591.50 3598.25 T:skinnyhashtk3 4401.38? 4491.12? 4898.38? T:acehash256v1 6146.75 6173.50 6202.62 T:heron256v1 7891.50 7902.88 7944.62 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 10176.75 10195.88 10459.50 T:gage1h256c256r128 14033.12 14152.50 14469.38 T:gage1h256c224r064 15721.25 15726.62 15730.75 T:orangishv1 16655.12 16738.88 16876.75 T:gage1h256c256r064 19194.62 19372.75 19547.38 T:gage1h256c224r032 25664.12 26122.00 26392.25 T:gage1h256c256r032 29627.75 29723.38 29886.75 T:gage1h256c512r064 45427.62 45840.25 46688.75 T:gage1h256c256r016 48044.25 48168.62 48206.62 T:gage1h256c224r016 49857.25 50982.50 51471.88 T:gage1h256c512r032 102432.25 102482.12 102545.38 T:gage1h256c224r008 3095980.38 3103228.12 3124602.75 T:fsb512