Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Core 2 65nm (6fb); 2007 Intel Core 2 Duo T7300; 2 x 2000MHz; trident, supercop-20260330
[Page version: 20260503 04:12:58]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| -569909411 | -565321142 | 877125020 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| -279087217 | -246962061 | -23612155 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| -808922056 | -41454183 | 922685648 | T: ronald2048 |
| 231678 | 246620 | 250171 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 321833 | 324608 | 328834 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 516478 | 525516 | 633518 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 581311 | 642596 | 667785 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 753602 | 765390 | 838415 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 957848 | 965634 | 977268 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 1113377 | 1121737 | 1133267 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 1087489 | 1190033 | 1215667 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 2200439 | 2220635 | 2235497 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 2984364 | 2999476 | 3020581 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| -635316367 | 9342365 | 721206868 | T: ronald4096 |
| 42151759 | 43788869 | 46262280 | T: C:mceliece |
| 45268751 | 45487168 | 45686136 | T: lotus128 |
| 50371926 | 51168301 | 51474861 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| -1025781038 | 52089418 | 926834426 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 54574599 | 54679850 | 54826903 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 66096522 | 66142406 | 66217475 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 69404646 | 69706171 | 70249017 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 82059818 | 82112706 | 82235392 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 87734980 | 88291597 | 88692179 | T: lotus192 |
| 93266020 | 93448202 | 96007051 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 93494119 | 93657921 | 93809149 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 99481589 | 99996492 | 101168814 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| -694281762 | 101547058 | 721463283 | T: ronald3072 |
| 111371663 | 111875794 | 114021184 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 121962200 | 122246548 | 122618679 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 127694762 | 128138040 | 128932233 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 97216521? | 147824114? | 209674031? | T: ronald1024 |
| 151063213 | 151699870 | 152598860 | T: lotus256 |
| 157895068 | 158186064 | 158523264 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 164209345 | 164449898 | 164817218 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 173154636 | 173812061 | 174798455 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 175357052 | 175502011 | 175822069 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 186580727 | 187128250 | 187919555 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 189791229 | 190559308 | 195422279 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 24661168? | 197633859? | 338559152? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 202069618 | 202673923 | 206366274 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 65902762? | 217732426? | 341911709? | T: rsa2048 |
| 234204580 | 234415374 | 235072394 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 243557302 | 243721784 | 246821702 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 247100694 | 247206460 | 247358621 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 96750620? | 301479908? | 301831212? | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 72331875? | 302949359? | 304458564? | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| -754681606 | 304008084 | 690214730 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 3188445? | 323697515? | 325013733? | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 19503319? | 339968412? | 340535830? | T: ledapkc3264 |
| -640392565 | 399345368 | 662939891 | T: ronald1536 |
| -592184884 | 533205745 | 533503621 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| -1236121473 | 602639445 | 913241008 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| -781827188 | 635785054 | 636657675 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| -997288759 | 690761491 | 691029589 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| -1078253810 | 697759717 | 698925354 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| -1142474096 | 746520495 | 749726643 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| -1204581759 | 747961441 | 749979686 | T: ledapkc5264 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| -253469080 | -242263387 | -177650404 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 58233 | 58996 | 59821 | T: C:mceliece |
| 61056 | 63266 | 66147 | T: rsa2048 |
| 61351 | 63941 | 66542 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 64916 | 65575 | 66418 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 78991 | 79856 | 81086 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 85442 | 86424 | 93962 | T: ronald1024 |
| 111999 | 112678 | 113518 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 116626 | 120395 | 127253 | T: ronald1536 |
| 154971 | 156499 | 158451 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 159426 | 164450 | 172658 | T: ronald2048 |
| 282657 | 288968 | 298920 | T: ronald3072 |
| 315835 | 325472 | 336645 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 446471 | 455056 | 463562 | T: ronald4096 |
| 444376 | 458647 | 488180 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 502259 | 504032 | 509074 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 634178 | 644302 | 688272 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 683814 | 685040 | 693559 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 685968 | 690252 | 697328 | T: lotus128 |
| 836312 | 840277 | 859565 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 961048 | 990998 | 1041729 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 994142 | 998137 | 1010076 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1031422 | 1035505 | 1044373 | T: lotus192 |
| 1039683 | 1043422 | 1056243 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1102978 | 1105554 | 1117517 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1046635 | 1136441 | 1157793 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 1281842 | 1285869 | 1296890 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1369810 | 1375402 | 1385921 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1440848 | 1446604 | 1451883 | T: lotus256 |
| 1525225 | 1636061 | 1675598 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 1714999 | 1723910 | 1740562 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1744793 | 1777437 | 1799541 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 2046113 | 2054988 | 2062187 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2293836 | 2302501 | 2308380 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2933707 | 2938887 | 2948392 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 6997903 | 7001943 | 7010328 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9327971 | 9335199 | 9345345 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 9736247 | 9741972 | 9754591 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 11151296 | 11159999 | 11174509 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 11489413 | 11501245 | 11522514 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 11773978 | 11786246 | 11803686 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 13916195 | 13927329 | 13947271 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 17513489 | 17528821 | 17554345 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 22856337 | 22876718 | 22918963 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 27870856 | 27892957 | 27922120 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 32431671 | 32586264 | 32866043 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 32736183 | 32755245 | 32795233 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 35117428 | 35214641 | 35296620 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 39239570 | 39261299 | 39299499 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 39557966 | 39588266 | 39627735 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 46266919 | 46290294 | 46333522 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 50737594 | 50764905 | 50834139 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 71116354 | 71164676 | 71227132 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 73300760 | 73346394 | 73393878 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 84593846 | 84657751 | 84731021 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| -1140128312 | 457992912 | 986574346 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| -1280747714 | 669271393 | 864952285 | T: r5n11pke0d |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| -235323513 | -222987312 | -158720192 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 96257 | 96662 | 99445 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 107033 | 107790 | 109643 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 155006 | 157619 | 159998 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 219941 | 224088 | 225857 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 542633 | 551618 | 586830 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 589227 | 628064 | 666432 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 827153 | 828068 | 836458 | T: lotus128 |
| 973041 | 1000334 | 1018194 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 979367 | 1004020 | 1009544 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1301668 | 1305028 | 1317792 | T: lotus192 |
| 1303066 | 1318076 | 1358238 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 1401393 | 1412246 | 1424025 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1651412 | 1661417 | 1680289 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 1865674 | 1878215 | 1883564 | T: lotus256 |
| 1929275 | 1946251 | 1962481 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1974753 | 1984837 | 1996490 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 2040499 | 2062837 | 2084511 | T: ronald1024 |
| 2356228 | 2371605 | 2442435 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2244564 | 2394577 | 2471635 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 2465565 | 2484517 | 2502992 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2373995 | 2608543 | 2636616 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 2777390 | 2792271 | 2813746 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2853676 | 2868628 | 2884293 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2982685 | 3014685 | 3054424 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 3312832 | 3328712 | 3346022 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 3581282 | 3596167 | 3619133 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3832870 | 3849784 | 3870209 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 5031702 | 5047368 | 5069681 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 5162003 | 5171102 | 5178738 | T: rsa2048 |
| 5222365 | 5414381 | 5423064 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 5873493 | 5914330 | 5949831 | T: ronald1536 |
| 9699151 | 9735137 | 9769254 | T: ronald2048 |
| 11232586 | 11257108 | 11283295 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 12143607 | 12171378 | 12226741 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 13486987 | 13560178 | 13576290 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 14529455 | 14544023 | 14565430 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 16155459 | 16162923 | 16184364 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 17119592 | 17161171 | 17184095 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 22739370 | 22757887 | 22799174 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 26923351 | 27000307 | 27078726 | T: ronald3072 |
| 31102685 | 31280641 | 31327064 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 34438426 | 34531701 | 34656356 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 38804887 | 38865055 | 38928687 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 39459600 | 39509410 | 39572915 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 47476339 | 47576516 | 47752678 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 50878034 | 51783187 | 51965280 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 57966856 | 58060563 | 58152604 | T: ronald4096 |
| 61375042 | 61424748 | 61697201 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 73297811 | 73328862 | 73388023 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 87893883 | 87977945 | 88122791 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 88403240 | 88528833 | 88907664 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 97469010 | 97544843 | 97745516 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 115402006 | 115476112 | 115619441 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| -1132932743 | 241308042 | 994261785 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 260863286 | 261908454 | 265531567 | T: pqrsa15 |
| -1276080320 | 672781597 | 870697530 | T: r5n11pke0d |
|
|
|