Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Crestmont (a06a4-20); 2023 Intel Core Ultra 5 125H, E cores; 8 x 700MHz; meteor,little, supercop-20261018
[Page version: 20261023 08:50:02]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 63404 | 64007 | 64887 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 87972 | 88752 | 89592 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 129222 | 131380 | 137811 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 133013 | 133936 | 135380 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 169334 | 171748 | 175684 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 246139 | 252264 | 255515 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 472669 | 477019 | 481379 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 555496 | 559937 | 565248 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 757255 | 760147 | 763142 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 977160 | 984220 | 993090 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1467052 | 1477841 | 1486210 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1570473 | 1585882 | 1600976 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2007203 | 2014249 | 2019352 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2500649 | 2539681 | 2597489 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3116564 | 3150258 | 3469217 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3245932 | 3253913 | 3336690 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3995202? | 4534000? | 5948164? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3705508? | 4673817? | 5771817? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 5364626 | 5392963 | 6101390 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 6787495 | 6863673 | 6899134 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 5721566? | 6883283? | 9805591? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7398395 | 7605902 | 8065968 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 8692018 | 8755129 | 8927829 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 9624714 | 9643252 | 9698608 | T: lotus128 |
| 9442566 | 9726299 | 11664300 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 10693126 | 11048333 | 12364911 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 10811748 | 11495404 | 12017673 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 12084729 | 12222169 | 12545811 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 14529343 | 15019388 | 16165338 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17838112 | 18283397 | 19860815 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 18813471 | 18894159 | 18965092 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 18394530 | 19353133 | 22672298 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 21910277 | 22101346 | 22195582 | T: lotus192 |
| 28730516 | 29678644 | 31917340 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 31008022 | 32013149 | 33567911 | T: C:mceliece |
| 33659286 | 33707463 | 33783075 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 33820043 | 33900952 | 34000387 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 36979224 | 37097396 | 37408942 | T: lotus256 |
| 43781167 | 44055440 | 44499856 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 57918775 | 58007885 | 58106641 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 62832615 | 63257221 | 63893639 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 75467814 | 75586173 | 75701260 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 84431604 | 84693485 | 85126258 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 98821047 | 98933473 | 99054887 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 75552424? | 98995416? | 136578843? | T: ronald1024 |
| 101590329 | 101694372 | 101848343 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 111569456 | 112126894 | 112860102 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 120587940 | 120861284 | 121314263 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 131472147 | 131685728 | 131978536 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 194119328 | 195511817 | 196315004 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 284347350? | 401398309? | 590413737? | T: ronald1536 |
| 612733668? | 954977804? | 1379928230? | T: ronald2048 |
| 2332445720? | 3406492523? | 4844821472? | T: ronald3072 |
| 6424867628? | 9595040533? | 13447593357? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 34704 | 34881 | 35399 | T: ronald1024 |
| 34678 | 34899 | 35161 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 39960 | 40269 | 40554 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 47490 | 48079 | 48618 | T: C:mceliece |
| 50379 | 51245 | 52105 | T: ronald1536 |
| 57034 | 57372 | 57684 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 72222 | 72656 | 73049 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 73349 | 74201 | 75053 | T: ronald2048 |
| 103695 | 104627 | 105554 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 125512 | 126549 | 127883 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 138460 | 139268 | 140371 | T: ronald3072 |
| 153173 | 154389 | 155325 | T: lotus128 |
| 171211 | 172566 | 174392 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 227182 | 228106 | 229481 | T: ronald4096 |
| 230860 | 231256 | 231955 | T: lotus192 |
| 244919 | 246808 | 249462 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 256423 | 260943 | 262881 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 314922 | 315844 | 317196 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 326333 | 328552 | 331097 | T: lotus256 |
| 330452 | 334654 | 344914 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 429061 | 431189 | 433361 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 431700 | 434440 | 436391 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 530671 | 531397 | 532439 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 627744 | 629304 | 631329 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 639246 | 652152 | 659923 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 667997 | 669113 | 670864 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 690921 | 692089 | 693893 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 715018 | 718099 | 721035 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 719216 | 723749 | 728428 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 758346 | 761816 | 763968 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 789492 | 793533 | 800446 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 817126 | 822005 | 824602 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 842574 | 843604 | 845116 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 891634 | 895566 | 899218 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 930583 | 937472 | 955958 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1028929 | 1031784 | 1036642 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1258621 | 1260775 | 1265563 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1209745 | 1260998 | 1273126 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1368899 | 1370507 | 1395284 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1431478 | 1432658 | 1434021 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1438946 | 1456127 | 1466203 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1550310 | 1562753 | 1570022 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1717615 | 1752492 | 1756347 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1809628 | 1812517 | 1815426 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1829328 | 1840845 | 1865902 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2080107 | 2096604 | 2104166 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2363906 | 2374124 | 2383076 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2393598 | 2407004 | 2423706 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2373633 | 2447080 | 2472365 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2620100 | 2647572 | 2678424 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2697263 | 2708235 | 2720301 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 3181855 | 3218284 | 3246545 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 3241443 | 3254038 | 3363635 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 3155509 | 3274175 | 3529604 | T: ledapkc52sl |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 37237 | 37409 | 37775 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 42161 | 42409 | 42788 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 62299 | 62635 | 63114 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 83015 | 83213 | 83642 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 123196 | 124955 | 128312 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 151667 | 153128 | 157230 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 192255 | 193446 | 194338 | T: lotus128 |
| 220179 | 221369 | 222427 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 290004 | 290454 | 291247 | T: lotus192 |
| 319960 | 321951 | 324350 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 341432 | 343229 | 345492 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 421907 | 424791 | 426253 | T: lotus256 |
| 446476 | 449477 | 466814 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 571338 | 573401 | 579421 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 709569 | 733636 | 734882 | T: C:mceliece |
| 787584 | 800813 | 828940 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 984443 | 989633 | 995401 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 1108788 | 1114481 | 1121133 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1135219 | 1147746 | 1164896 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1148991 | 1168914 | 1189407 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1445364 | 1455301 | 1470848 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1453615 | 1475050 | 1505506 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1737397 | 1755579 | 1772780 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1804171 | 1816314 | 1831340 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1837423 | 1849874 | 1862076 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2174907 | 2189112 | 2205310 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2183439 | 2196463 | 2227903 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2189801 | 2204319 | 2226116 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2475068 | 2486649 | 2500732 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2693981 | 2695669 | 2711244 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 2768797 | 2776439 | 2786331 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2960489 | 2981605 | 3027440 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3199441 | 3217731 | 3234094 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3244605 | 3253538 | 3264023 | T: ronald1536 |
| 3241090 | 3258647 | 3292179 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3567538 | 3571448 | 3602906 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 3737790 | 3765050 | 3848024 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 4184561 | 4205470 | 4228661 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 5981545 | 5995690 | 6008332 | T: ronald2048 |
| 7477057 | 7496615 | 7528718 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 7627242 | 7668393 | 7760377 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 8109884 | 8122631 | 8225926 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 9657445 | 9696073 | 9747364 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 11256409 | 11273103 | 11288346 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 11420644 | 11565597 | 11659630 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 12414865 | 12478038 | 12615239 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 15639890 | 15665854 | 15962018 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 17421572 | 17493444 | 17761751 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 17611464 | 17630398 | 17649492 | T: ronald3072 |
| 20517339 | 21009866 | 21756983 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 22373605 | 22401034 | 22532995 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 24022380 | 24515919 | 24922627 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 25721885 | 25744072 | 27175179 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 38834535 | 38874747 | 38905300 | T: ronald4096 |
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