Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; K10 32nm (300f10); 2011 AMD A8-3850; 4 x 2900MHz; hydra5, supercop-20260627
[Page version: 20260712 20:43:56]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 137586 | 139159 | 140764 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 196510 | 198349 | 200424 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 317057 | 319459 | 322198 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 317450 | 319776 | 322101 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 433846 | 438042 | 443354 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 606284 | 610448 | 613850 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1106065 | 1112092 | 1117272 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 1306460 | 1313216 | 1319136 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 2208827 | 2218915 | 2226938 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 3359164 | 3371154 | 3386306 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 13531178 | 13532735 | 13534857 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 26085754 | 26093624 | 26102710 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 43892518 | 44048137 | 44237049 | T: lotus128 |
| 41829690 | 44866022 | 49779583 | T: C:mceliece |
| 45831277 | 45910076 | 45977507 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 49659596 | 49665588 | 49672084 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 61328773 | 61597788 | 62177047 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 75545508 | 75655516 | 76724053 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 78545185 | 78662801 | 78897461 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 82511774 | 82649583 | 82801293 | T: lotus192 |
| 87945880 | 88401579 | 89504179 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 90494206 | 90874490 | 91195226 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 93756472 | 93781762 | 93841614 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 100033308 | 100173978 | 100337606 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 105247389 | 105405846 | 107882384 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 107965336 | 108918649 | 111762061 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 112308364 | 112773777 | 113528959 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 81474035? | 115896901? | 174009324? | T: ronald1024 |
| 123976100 | 124142142 | 124280229 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 72560383? | 133030682? | 228142208? | T: rsa2048 |
| 134977705 | 135105012 | 135273625 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 81004518? | 149547593? | 224662351? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 149791812 | 150034008 | 150105917 | T: lotus256 |
| 152263370 | 152632008 | 153388692 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 152286565 | 152852146 | 153581610 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 173367034 | 173516387 | 173672238 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 200546494 | 200587075 | 200963942 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 218390523 | 221584907 | 228325724 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 255718872 | 256305456 | 257483154 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 269869480 | 271395848 | 274892516 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 274915492 | 274970566 | 277712451 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 290411083 | 290877624 | 301532881 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 321412563 | 321512317 | 322139490 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 341432860 | 341501637 | 341552737 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 354941590 | 355007075 | 355873972 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 286138070? | 438890224? | 663139285? | T: ronald1536 |
| 464284494 | 464307822 | 464335923 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 617958373 | 641277474 | 645269133 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 716669918 | 726864322 | 729395157 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 811245518 | 829221590 | 840674262 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 880433336 | 880929732 | 883003621 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 876376969 | 884246956 | 888191499 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 680339127? | 982660293? | 1430260987? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1843351370 | 1863517175 | 1914960995 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 2306201739? | 3603192968? | 5905198093? | T: ronald3072 |
| 5122747359 | 5289453607 | 5414572534 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 5513909429? | 8319913739? | 14057179102? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 50284 | 52841 | 55901 | T: rsa2048 |
| 50809 | 53200 | 56066 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 52701 | 53466 | 54319 | T: C:mceliece |
| 62241 | 62896 | 63711 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 63635 | 64285 | 68466 | T: ronald1024 |
| 69787 | 70700 | 71996 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 83828 | 85824 | 92745 | T: ronald1536 |
| 105211 | 106133 | 107534 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 110530 | 116314 | 122111 | T: ronald2048 |
| 138027 | 139340 | 141042 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 182177 | 189644 | 196857 | T: ronald3072 |
| 219738 | 220532 | 221645 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 254593 | 256364 | 258453 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 281876 | 288626 | 298498 | T: ronald4096 |
| 397243 | 400194 | 403362 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 498684 | 500375 | 503467 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 542475 | 544086 | 547298 | T: lotus128 |
| 547333 | 549835 | 552441 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 631798 | 635396 | 640874 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 672427 | 674218 | 678449 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 808811 | 810291 | 815446 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 841876 | 853397 | 860231 | T: lotus192 |
| 860760 | 867938 | 874275 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 953742 | 954465 | 955515 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 965506 | 969180 | 971615 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1002376 | 1008080 | 1011682 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1009998 | 1011346 | 1013075 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1142773 | 1144645 | 1161227 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1220849 | 1222987 | 1226765 | T: lotus256 |
| 1253153 | 1257324 | 1259008 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1519112 | 1522042 | 1525718 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1829300 | 1830984 | 1832878 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1971638 | 1972482 | 1974309 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2614252 | 2623481 | 2640631 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 6779798 | 6786216 | 6792968 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 10366389 | 10379600 | 10400608 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 10652354 | 10656701 | 10666350 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 10874496 | 10882137 | 10886689 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 11714384 | 11717001 | 11720021 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 12879803 | 12882899 | 13057231 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 13190227 | 13199619 | 13434553 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 15422522 | 15426045 | 15450252 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 16385336 | 16388901 | 16391315 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 22717791 | 22724269 | 22734732 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 26656301 | 26762368 | 26889872 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 26410851 | 27526344 | 27568234 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 31665435 | 31680546 | 32476718 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 35393490 | 35405161 | 35453532 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 37285887 | 37292089 | 38068855 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 43996460 | 44018160 | 44030392 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 44359923 | 44366504 | 44375801 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 45025699 | 45039911 | 45068467 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 51935723 | 51961634 | 51968995 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 58249003 | 59986098 | 60857056 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 81457946 | 83544412 | 83719552 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 88087882 | 88092436 | 88112312 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 94763537 | 94820663 | 96046557 | T: ledapkc54sl |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 85622 | 87674 | 89262 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 99119 | 100466 | 101302 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 148839 | 149783 | 150869 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 203815 | 205921 | 206667 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 348686 | 350062 | 351226 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 369767 | 370871 | 372400 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 580664 | 584142 | 586083 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 722667 | 725416 | 795573 | T: lotus128 |
| 759757 | 763556 | 765047 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 922348 | 929558 | 936600 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 1009350 | 1018506 | 1027255 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1210439 | 1222072 | 1237599 | T: lotus192 |
| 1215166 | 1223060 | 1232048 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1256252 | 1258640 | 1266952 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 1419516 | 1420536 | 1427742 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1618916 | 1635532 | 1651829 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1674011 | 1682512 | 1693814 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1683408 | 1693508 | 1711365 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1779111 | 1786616 | 1789307 | T: lotus256 |
| 2012712 | 2020285 | 2030889 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2084352 | 2098574 | 2110811 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2339802 | 2354896 | 2371011 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2357694 | 2367024 | 2379136 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2478879 | 2487391 | 2495788 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2797409 | 2806946 | 2816055 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2961583 | 2983108 | 3005954 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3147745 | 3172049 | 3180693 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3220220 | 3232185 | 3242870 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3230252 | 3236155 | 3252896 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 4132722 | 4157808 | 4183747 | T: ronald1536 |
| 4246719 | 4274710 | 4285560 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 6667051 | 6670958 | 6679158 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 7063292 | 7092786 | 7123527 | T: ronald2048 |
| 7648715 | 7652585 | 7663060 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 7931929 | 7972280 | 7984565 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 9546431 | 9581250 | 9622924 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 9745068 | 9773384 | 9870619 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 11526807 | 11581337 | 11672577 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 12078829 | 12081176 | 12083143 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 17502804 | 17560567 | 17611490 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 18863685 | 18884654 | 18894965 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 19050518 | 19161000 | 19264660 | T: ronald3072 |
| 19693110 | 19777097 | 19814894 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 22226071 | 22267135 | 22378368 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 23251734 | 23272872 | 23347678 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 23867029 | 23881939 | 23895507 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 27915526 | 27925466 | 28050596 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 28736404 | 28899867 | 29097373 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 36479729 | 36868513 | 37022373 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 39817536 | 39875436 | 39933653 | T: ronald4096 |
| 43005880 | 43087436 | 43331243 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 45550335 | 45575202 | 45603243 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 47783021 | 47901262 | 48004016 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 52262601 | 52358653 | 52438651 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 58178567 | 58264167 | 58411879 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 65124862 | 65276901 | 65402526 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 182633959 | 183049185 | 183274558 | T: pqrsa15 |
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