Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Zen (820f01); 2020 AMD Athlon Silver 3050e; 2 x 1400MHz; dali, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260219 17:00:54]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 65164 | 65761 | 66544 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 86329 | 87163 | 88447 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 129577 | 130595 | 131943 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 130717 | 131716 | 132839 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 167149 | 168285 | 169221 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 228729 | 230080 | 231545 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 390905 | 393541 | 395940 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 429832 | 433125 | 436232 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 640783 | 644930 | 648370 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 748601 | 750626 | 753440 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 918074 | 922847 | 926662 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1719503 | 1724294 | 1735250 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2398934 | 2403950 | 2409178 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 3019598 | 3022216 | 3026093 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3878499 | 3880955 | 3895449 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 4183590 | 4187338 | 4246700 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 4998223? | 5003147? | 6726172? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4545499? | 5756132? | 6987106? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 6610681 | 6638647 | 7407210 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 6951761? | 6972313? | 9754326? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 8217962 | 8225807 | 8232335 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 9457718 | 9515515 | 9620274 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 10726201? | 10749101? | 14334773? | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 10887818 | 10902565 | 10913347 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 11304799 | 11344930 | 11368691 | T: lotus128 |
| 12746921 | 12776494 | 12965971 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 13657333 | 13685409 | 13727769 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 13901169 | 14098975 | 15637923 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 17382183 | 17434913 | 17793797 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 21403828 | 21782882 | 24932197 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 21165275 | 22929478 | 23003602 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 23191852 | 23206463 | 23229101 | T: lotus192 |
| 26296816 | 26368393 | 26434011 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 29089609 | 29778395 | 31377845 | T: C:mceliece |
| 33282259 | 35723498 | 38178500 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 36012919 | 36207826 | 36644172 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 38060575 | 38111145 | 38155138 | T: lotus256 |
| 39538226 | 39584792 | 39612957 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 44795996 | 44878534 | 44984944 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 49022791 | 49142192 | 49298784 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 51325051 | 51586178 | 52242212 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 63439960 | 63534724 | 63645351 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 69815023 | 70081825 | 70691912 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 46765412? | 72175328? | 102137738? | T: ronald1024 |
| 80559392 | 80674657 | 80808470 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 85319862 | 85463729 | 85667204 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 58506785? | 92953167? | 157226648? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 94556313 | 95254226 | 95951993 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 96690798 | 97123420 | 97544092 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 59962916? | 109528781? | 177264897? | T: rsa2048 |
| 110813424 | 111061274 | 111622286 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 163209646 | 163871907 | 165090072 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 221331362? | 337819776? | 472502590? | T: ronald1536 |
| 395496598? | 603057941? | 845528544? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1214193767? | 1982837161? | 2918714533? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3521897879 | 3607286578 | 3707315495 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 3996623064? | 5350613766? | 8232080199? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 20125 | 20633 | 21704 | T: rsa2048 |
| 20087 | 20757 | 21836 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 40718 | 41458 | 42330 | T: C:mceliece |
| 42034 | 42375 | 42674 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 47619 | 48075 | 48454 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 47014 | 48781 | 50452 | T: ronald1024 |
| 59822 | 60616 | 64398 | T: ronald1536 |
| 67343 | 67839 | 68150 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 75201 | 77645 | 81345 | T: ronald2048 |
| 85937 | 86358 | 87028 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 118501 | 119131 | 119580 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 122745 | 125652 | 128070 | T: ronald3072 |
| 132922 | 133425 | 134013 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 162090 | 162767 | 163574 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 181456 | 185386 | 189372 | T: ronald4096 |
| 213094 | 213421 | 213904 | T: lotus128 |
| 213459 | 214422 | 215534 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 245120 | 246008 | 246888 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 310910 | 312737 | 315820 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 312637 | 314332 | 316567 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 357994 | 358673 | 359081 | T: lotus192 |
| 358259 | 361422 | 363597 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 414732 | 415899 | 417208 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 444929 | 445962 | 524051 | T: lotus256 |
| 508712 | 511487 | 513984 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 596385 | 600904 | 604155 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 613957 | 615274 | 618343 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 619526 | 620473 | 621886 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 647267 | 647926 | 648590 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 727995 | 729230 | 730838 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 756679 | 758023 | 761888 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 781992 | 782658 | 783606 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 795697 | 796316 | 796829 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 823619 | 824165 | 824570 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 885212 | 885730 | 886290 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 927743 | 928994 | 931068 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1002240 | 1003910 | 1005711 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 1094479 | 1095253 | 1095895 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1108079 | 1111278 | 1115301 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1257730 | 1261605 | 1264618 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1364800 | 1365386 | 1366450 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1574438 | 1575234 | 1576217 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1577406 | 1577790 | 1578350 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1622557 | 1625971 | 1630840 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1743448 | 1744518 | 1745809 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 2065383 | 2067272 | 2070549 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 2171014 | 2177200 | 2183601 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2313262 | 2314504 | 2315149 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2377941 | 2382417 | 2395584 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 2577489 | 2578425 | 2582824 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2655852 | 2657107 | 2659343 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2916100 | 2917086 | 2919836 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 3091487 | 3100029 | 3107462 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 3481523 | 3482464 | 3484677 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3609452 | 3611134 | 3616388 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 3742231 | 3747135 | 3757828 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 19934290 | 19945305 | 19958487 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 47359 | 47618 | 48013 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 49707 | 49992 | 51704 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 73141 | 73582 | 77031 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 96607 | 97299 | 100218 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 153989 | 155656 | 157346 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 201981 | 202610 | 203431 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 228690 | 229390 | 231437 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 252499 | 252741 | 253042 | T: lotus128 |
| 294489 | 296224 | 297928 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 349225 | 349825 | 350282 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 447459 | 448393 | 452955 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 454202 | 454814 | 455490 | T: lotus192 |
| 507435 | 513393 | 515610 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 557834 | 558293 | 655042 | T: lotus256 |
| 838423 | 842634 | 853621 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 882632 | 886112 | 901357 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1017873 | 1028501 | 1036813 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1123237 | 1124053 | 1125490 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 1152297 | 1162899 | 1170974 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1165629 | 1173699 | 1198371 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1401603 | 1409215 | 1420086 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1439575 | 1446102 | 1458675 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1662403 | 1672949 | 1682855 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1679922 | 1708469 | 1715471 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1740458 | 1749364 | 1769852 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1995847 | 2011968 | 2030465 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2074977 | 2084235 | 2115526 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2242229 | 2255490 | 2284217 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2356438 | 2359375 | 2367352 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2352682 | 2361686 | 2367541 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2733544 | 2748300 | 2758410 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2791772 | 2795903 | 2801858 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2904811 | 2913260 | 2921717 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2966926 | 2969620 | 2972241 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3459111 | 3470354 | 3487816 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3682947 | 3692406 | 3694288 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3733785 | 3741892 | 3748669 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 3818941 | 3833250 | 3838993 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 4138841 | 4273499 | 4317501 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 4308189 | 4327858 | 4348486 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4864859 | 4878305 | 4909107 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 7448849 | 7483177 | 7497319 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 8188109 | 8192757 | 8198781 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 8870928 | 8878829 | 8908947 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 9826062 | 9877728 | 9894133 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 11562831 | 11589507 | 11619628 | T: ronald3072 |
| 11655380 | 11678886 | 11692550 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 12829850 | 12861175 | 12915218 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 13866558 | 13914182 | 13958958 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 15775742 | 15800723 | 15891889 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 17163827 | 17172713 | 17189698 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 20337345 | 20351166 | 20382979 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 22168163 | 22224557 | 22436631 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 23671499 | 23685159 | 23694720 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 24384731 | 24421860 | 24466588 | T: ronald4096 |
| 25515134 | 25546071 | 25560341 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 129079257 | 129157106 | 129231853 | T: pqrsa15 |
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