Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Zen 3 (a50f00); 2021 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G; 6 x 3900MHz; cezanne, supercop-20260217
[Page version: 20260310 02:19:15]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 46704 | 47626 | 48697 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 65019 | 66936 | 68552 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 88554 | 89574 | 90936 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 91741 | 93006 | 94359 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 109029 | 110482 | 111832 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 152941 | 155031 | 163398 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 375752 | 378850 | 382344 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 393257 | 397101 | 401900 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 402166 | 403714 | 405342 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 649457 | 653567 | 658074 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 938304 | 941653 | 947115 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 983464 | 986695 | 989730 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1294450 | 1306850 | 1314731 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2580788 | 2601108 | 2632643 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2979407 | 2995556 | 3103116 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3056579 | 3071370 | 3240295 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3898016? | 3938675? | 5221292? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4026630? | 5082530? | 7099626? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 5085506 | 5116459 | 5672635 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 6594402? | 7270297? | 10489184? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7695589 | 7761765 | 7788654 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7761092 | 7774918 | 7787857 | T: lotus128 |
| 7798100 | 7807981 | 8008424 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9201922 | 9269896 | 9939430 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 10047206 | 10122464 | 11748929 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 11205605 | 11248795 | 11321606 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 10918421 | 11292562 | 12801390 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 12137925 | 12159690 | 12223845 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 15482632? | 15599637? | 21134989? | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 15742828 | 16025922 | 17925580 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 16120555 | 16179318 | 16236452 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 16911558 | 16926362 | 16955641 | T: lotus192 |
| 18053417? | 18342111? | 22755145? | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 22980193 | 23025386 | 23082318 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 23786401 | 23855797 | 24190022 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 24768768 | 24885068 | 25045206 | T: lotus256 |
| 26660604 | 27454437 | 28635262 | T: C:mceliece |
| 27792676 | 29851579 | 33243380 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 30698694 | 30898293 | 31297423 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 39290291 | 39364643 | 39450348 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 43991740 | 44432157 | 44841910 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 34704689? | 48042733? | 70034275? | T: ronald1024 |
| 51056414 | 51153021 | 51268248 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 57228545 | 57453147 | 57844543 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 68235144 | 68311453 | 68443834 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 68655925 | 68768947 | 68874574 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 77590794 | 77988460 | 78589340 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 83135638 | 83549858 | 84099307 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 53526145? | 90825536? | 158002395? | T: rsa2048 |
| 91063392 | 91515761 | 91759877 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 63029951? | 105988679? | 158403951? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 134127092 | 134661112 | 135803394 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 158001585? | 221076103? | 332085736? | T: ronald1536 |
| 271953549? | 431891476? | 604068176? | T: ronald2048 |
| 976638446? | 1454523638? | 2290240809? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2728704907 | 2817186239 | 2906065644 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2940722083? | 4484821066? | 6528659724? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 16116 | 16393 | 17160 | T: rsa2048 |
| 16295 | 16637 | 17506 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 29625 | 29915 | 31651 | T: ronald1024 |
| 34676 | 34920 | 35136 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 37722 | 38067 | 38397 | T: C:mceliece |
| 38172 | 39277 | 40999 | T: ronald1536 |
| 40634 | 40901 | 41134 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 49619 | 50885 | 52983 | T: ronald2048 |
| 57636 | 57890 | 58141 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 72739 | 73085 | 73569 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 82630 | 84584 | 87040 | T: ronald3072 |
| 84518 | 85407 | 86410 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 93603 | 94390 | 95093 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 108529 | 109478 | 126422 | T: lotus128 |
| 118562 | 120033 | 121784 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 128076 | 130163 | 132266 | T: ronald4096 |
| 150972 | 152065 | 153218 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 164571 | 165280 | 165926 | T: lotus192 |
| 165003 | 166392 | 168102 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 204449 | 206856 | 208889 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 231618 | 232387 | 233939 | T: lotus256 |
| 249982 | 251374 | 253003 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 256725 | 257413 | 258333 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 343651 | 345713 | 347146 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 425733 | 426742 | 427917 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 500370 | 501510 | 502719 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 522475 | 523794 | 525108 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 527567 | 529621 | 531361 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 569370 | 570845 | 571973 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 609177 | 610656 | 612056 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 644132 | 645445 | 647117 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 708376 | 721544 | 793542 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 789876 | 793160 | 801920 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 799615 | 801366 | 803260 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 827749 | 829435 | 866966 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 855433 | 859776 | 869038 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 921688 | 924234 | 929261 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 956463 | 959561 | 963248 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 961740 | 968384 | 997385 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1086181 | 1088472 | 1091420 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1265899 | 1272351 | 1278186 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1306448 | 1308347 | 1310164 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1348602 | 1351786 | 1354093 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1384895 | 1387433 | 1390516 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1482866 | 1484726 | 1487441 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1505562 | 1568716 | 1788555 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1650546 | 1656972 | 1662439 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1812949 | 1835385 | 1837705 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 1842520 | 1855121 | 1866419 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1986819 | 1997381 | 2003624 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2098518 | 2108176 | 2125953 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2222252 | 2227798 | 2235879 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2461302 | 2471798 | 2480588 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2923912 | 2933051 | 2939387 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 2978754 | 2995350 | 3020550 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 2995962 | 3005938 | 3019234 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 14289203 | 14308911 | 14326956 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 37180 | 37399 | 37560 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 43938 | 44128 | 44225 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 63418 | 63744 | 64033 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 82580 | 82644 | 82849 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 87079 | 87447 | 87923 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 110485 | 114234 | 115611 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 126643 | 127487 | 127847 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 129905 | 143936 | 145368 | T: lotus128 |
| 158643 | 158952 | 159488 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 173410 | 174411 | 176668 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 193530 | 193910 | 194557 | T: lotus192 |
| 221557 | 224244 | 228861 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 276627 | 276971 | 277371 | T: lotus256 |
| 283791 | 286491 | 300328 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 621130 | 626513 | 645549 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 634054 | 635237 | 636525 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 714821 | 722929 | 728978 | T: ronald1024 |
| 810008 | 813153 | 822388 | T: C:mceliece |
| 880080 | 886301 | 900288 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 888961 | 907057 | 924194 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1087446 | 1098913 | 1113845 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1128842 | 1142006 | 1156670 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1320868 | 1331498 | 1349644 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1355410 | 1375664 | 1395942 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1406827 | 1414629 | 1430661 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1509540 | 1513175 | 1521720 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1621699 | 1623681 | 1635115 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 1637361 | 1646896 | 1670617 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1685657 | 1699355 | 1726414 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1837612 | 1845733 | 1868904 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1932470 | 1934215 | 1935863 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 1930735 | 1934430 | 1937143 | T: rsa2048 |
| 1984714 | 1989947 | 2007032 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1957256 | 1990268 | 1992583 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 1996862 | 2009888 | 2019521 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2119178 | 2123643 | 2140089 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2305682 | 2314624 | 2351538 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 2449986 | 2456973 | 2468389 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2484433 | 2505424 | 2538049 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 2719257 | 2725819 | 2748420 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3125877 | 3137089 | 3153708 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4535825 | 4557870 | 4566405 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 4886953 | 4906109 | 4942565 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 5399307 | 5428278 | 5458606 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 5865829 | 5887652 | 5907593 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 6749693 | 6755426 | 6771065 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 7368912 | 7385215 | 7390362 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 8358366 | 8378627 | 8396739 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9200652 | 9207115 | 9212395 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 9624608 | 9669605 | 9682693 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 10102606 | 10143470 | 10161510 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 11552325 | 11558187 | 11584338 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 13335504 | 13342434 | 13479635 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 13389178 | 13396276 | 13461710 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 13911962 | 13969551 | 14514135 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17699724 | 17734699 | 17773730 | T: ronald4096 |
| 106046198 | 106110286 | 106221588 | T: pqrsa15 |
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