Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Golden Cove (90675-00); 2022 Intel Core i3-12100; 4 x 3300MHz; alder, supercop-20260217
[Page version: 20260315 18:26:08]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 46107 | 46773 | 47642 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 59698 | 60584 | 62216 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 82477 | 83032 | 84145 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 84470 | 85573 | 86702 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 100129 | 101164 | 102011 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 144728 | 146017 | 148013 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 335155 | 338300 | 342303 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 342853 | 344106 | 345623 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 387130 | 390278 | 393498 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 663134 | 666583 | 672052 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 790472 | 793124 | 796239 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 954604 | 959592 | 964028 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1021161 | 1025389 | 1031640 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2240102 | 2264840 | 2321195 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2702497 | 2712146 | 2949309 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 2747898 | 2763231 | 2937978 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3581390? | 3764279? | 5561866? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3433012? | 4188087? | 5793944? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 4678990 | 4712166 | 5379446 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 4884015? | 5053193? | 7245579? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 5887499 | 5920167 | 5967421 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 6384821 | 6421159 | 6473529 | T: lotus128 |
| 7037746 | 7163855 | 7663170 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 7653479 | 7687754 | 8651962 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 8093644 | 8118438 | 9850932 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 9186629 | 9216346 | 9338483 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 9665047 | 9891429 | 11196221 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 11136629 | 11156387 | 11208628 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 11738391? | 11783258? | 15130663? | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 12550397 | 12558963 | 12588088 | T: lotus192 |
| 15927330 | 15991889 | 16049203 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 15874489 | 16067759 | 18839162 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 15115723 | 16153236 | 17435522 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 20403981 | 20429120 | 20468971 | T: lotus256 |
| 20453056 | 20474508 | 20523906 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 21856128 | 21905551 | 22000966 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 26858254 | 27971355 | 30439188 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 27898242 | 28578180 | 29550393 | T: C:mceliece |
| 28977928 | 29219033 | 29698905 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 37282169 | 37380586 | 37516874 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 41509140 | 41937772 | 42762281 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 48878274 | 48998412 | 49171644 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 35693305? | 54278986? | 76059521? | T: ronald1024 |
| 54484036 | 54801518 | 55487656 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 64265321 | 64400715 | 64548695 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 65678941 | 65789029 | 65984759 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 45597319? | 69444057? | 117152513? | T: rsa2048 |
| 73962796 | 74394291 | 74918752 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 46988399? | 80406347? | 117126001? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 81592626 | 82114471 | 82826168 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 87121077 | 87238177 | 87420075 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 128085953 | 128525670 | 129332353 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 136733796? | 196590111? | 336949465? | T: ronald1536 |
| 279373827? | 399950985? | 590107179? | T: ronald2048 |
| 856738517? | 1269701519? | 2021496288? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2454012378 | 2527569525 | 2588936631 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 722908011? | 3133836880? | 5168861815? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 14884 | 15261 | 15794 | T: rsa2048 |
| 15238 | 15586 | 16481 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 25666 | 26264 | 26967 | T: ronald1024 |
| 29561 | 29962 | 30356 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 33329 | 33759 | 34158 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 33890 | 34509 | 35705 | T: ronald1536 |
| 43683 | 44175 | 44917 | T: C:mceliece |
| 45454 | 46384 | 47196 | T: ronald2048 |
| 49024 | 49438 | 50031 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 63020 | 63604 | 64252 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 76561 | 77431 | 78827 | T: ronald3072 |
| 83675 | 84264 | 84949 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 84656 | 85352 | 86194 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 92636? | 93530? | 124950? | T: lotus128 |
| 111388 | 112542 | 113737 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 120954 | 122505 | 124272 | T: ronald4096 |
| 135001 | 135490 | 136516 | T: lotus192 |
| 149773 | 150880 | 152060 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 159740 | 160807 | 162076 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 188244 | 188670 | 189106 | T: lotus256 |
| 197544 | 198274 | 199556 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 218360 | 219524 | 220811 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 244798 | 246629 | 248839 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 292050 | 294186 | 296426 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 366055 | 368085 | 371553 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 428474 | 429916 | 431201 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 446510 | 448066 | 450546 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 461838 | 463011 | 464976 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 484361 | 485413 | 487485 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 496439 | 498580 | 501800 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 528056 | 530066 | 532459 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 557477 | 558479 | 560130 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 589664 | 591746 | 594969 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 614669 | 617253 | 619692 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 623552 | 626925 | 630601 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 686306 | 688298 | 690391 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 696101 | 700240 | 702871 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 791243 | 798861 | 814428 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 830486 | 834117 | 837574 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 954409 | 956522 | 958987 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 989380 | 994140 | 1010382 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1089987 | 1094312 | 1098943 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1093856 | 1099531 | 1104252 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1134654 | 1138314 | 1144166 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1195971 | 1209542 | 1261759 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1228485 | 1231768 | 1235259 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1409836 | 1416168 | 1423153 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1413465 | 1420423 | 1431068 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1711306 | 1716328 | 1721586 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 1741409 | 1745323 | 1753366 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 1877646 | 1890288 | 1900994 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 1918946 | 1922542 | 1927516 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2075185 | 2082667 | 2090831 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2426272 | 2435034 | 2447722 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 2511454 | 2520020 | 2534402 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 2550515 | 2555361 | 2567000 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 13621993 | 13645048 | 13662702 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 29465 | 29804 | 30214 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 33255 | 33548 | 34147 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 52040 | 52646 | 53083 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 69046 | 69445 | 70463 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 75843 | 76532 | 77418 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 93592 | 95540 | 99126 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 106023 | 106450 | 109827 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 114220 | 140290 | 141231 | T: lotus128 |
| 138559 | 141480 | 150276 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 163773 | 164132 | 164575 | T: lotus192 |
| 185390 | 188729 | 194738 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 233317 | 233743 | 234086 | T: lotus256 |
| 235565 | 238189 | 244133 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 286554 | 291865 | 300513 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 538678 | 539955 | 541466 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 610174 | 619891 | 628370 | T: C:mceliece |
| 660584 | 666147 | 672922 | T: ronald1024 |
| 703735 | 712866 | 723896 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 939119 | 948474 | 960769 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 974565 | 985750 | 1000042 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1177194 | 1186744 | 1201527 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1192324 | 1200697 | 1214267 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1334135 | 1337388 | 1344773 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1419975 | 1426911 | 1438924 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1467906 | 1475047 | 1484723 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1468444 | 1476487 | 1488828 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1578586 | 1580729 | 1583162 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 1582551 | 1586361 | 1591153 | T: rsa2048 |
| 1596763 | 1603263 | 1610888 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 1635162 | 1660017 | 1689130 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1708230 | 1716759 | 1730610 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1733388 | 1741491 | 1750104 | T: ronald1536 |
| 1758289 | 1769809 | 1781491 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1889615 | 1899249 | 1913315 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 1914452 | 1926715 | 1949078 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2036446 | 2057002 | 2074073 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2155314 | 2166526 | 2185445 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 2313533 | 2338146 | 2389784 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 2510105 | 2601471 | 2620708 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2687647 | 2708640 | 2735731 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 2823649 | 2836866 | 2847392 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4387205 | 4401141 | 4427035 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 4505477 | 4517348 | 4528763 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 4812210 | 4867280 | 4905220 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 6252436 | 6271243 | 6303698 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 6419902 | 6452506 | 6481106 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 7193350 | 7224024 | 7260660 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 7580690 | 7605570 | 7623603 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 7594082 | 7613671 | 7627318 | T: ronald3072 |
| 10086968 | 10138033 | 10223906 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 11238502 | 11261541 | 11285325 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 11722098 | 11754827 | 11785027 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 15408387 | 15449298 | 15504878 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 15515427 | 15541676 | 15572383 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 15505003 | 15547572 | 15600242 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 16277517 | 16303596 | 16332218 | T: ronald4096 |
| 89994227 | 90055806 | 90131842 | T: pqrsa15 |
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