Implementation notes: amd64, speed2supercop, crypto_sign/ronald1536

Computer: speed2supercop
Microarchitecture: amd64; Haswell+AES (306c3)
Architecture: amd64
CPU ID: GenuineIntel-000306c3-1fc9cbf5
SUPERCOP version: 20240625
Operation: crypto_sign
Primitive: ronald1536
TimeObject sizeTest sizeImplementationCompilerBenchmark dateSUPERCOP version
29816363271 0 023878 992 1568T:opensslnewclang_-march=native_-O_-fwrapv_-Qunused-arguments_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
29829763107 0 026244 968 1632T:opensslnewgcc_-march=native_-mtune=native_-O3_-fwrapv_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
29869162667 0 022324 960 1600T:opensslnewgcc_-march=native_-mtune=native_-Os_-fwrapv_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
29877003114 0 023956 968 1632T:opensslnewgcc_-march=native_-mtune=native_-O_-fwrapv_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
29923563104 0 027694 992 1600T:opensslnewclang_-march=native_-O2_-fwrapv_-Qunused-arguments_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
29937723113 0 026350 992 1568T:opensslnewclang_-mcpu=native_-O3_-fwrapv_-Qunused-arguments_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
30010322890 0 024271 984 1632T:opensslnewclang_-march=native_-Os_-fwrapv_-Qunused-arguments_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
30364043104 0 027870 992 1600T:opensslnewclang_-march=native_-O3_-fwrapv_-Qunused-arguments_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625
30901243111 0 024244 968 1632T:opensslnewgcc_-march=native_-mtune=native_-O2_-fwrapv_-fPIC_-fPIE_-gdwarf-4_-Wall2024070920240625

Compiler output


keypair.c: keypair.c:15:7: warning: 'RSA_generate_key' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:   r = RSA_generate_key(MODULUS_BYTES * 8,3,0,0);
keypair.c:       ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:264:1: note: 'RSA_generate_key' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
keypair.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_0_9_8 RSA *RSA_generate_key(int bits, unsigned long e, void
keypair.c: ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:260:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_0_9_8'
keypair.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_0_9_8              OSSL_DEPRECATED(0.9.8)
keypair.c:                                                 ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
keypair.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
keypair.c:                                                    ^
keypair.c: keypair.c:18:7: warning: 'RSA_size' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:   if (RSA_size(r) != MODULUS_BYTES) goto error;
keypair.c:       ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:215:1: note: 'RSA_size' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
keypair.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 int RSA_size(const RSA *rsa);
keypair.c: ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:194:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0'
keypair.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0                OSSL_DEPRECATED(3.0)
keypair.c:                                                 ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
keypair.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
keypair.c:                                                    ^
keypair.c: keypair.c:20:23: error: incomplete definition of type 'struct rsa_st'
keypair.c: ...

Number of similar (implementation,compiler) pairs: 5, namely:
ImplementationCompiler
T:opensslclang -march=native -O2 -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslclang -march=native -O3 -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslclang -march=native -O -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslclang -march=native -Os -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslclang -mcpu=native -O3 -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))

Compiler output


keypair.c: keypair.c: In function 'crypto_sign_ronald1536_openssl_timingleaks_keypair':
keypair.c: keypair.c:15:3: warning: 'RSA_generate_key' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 0.9.8 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:    15 |   r = RSA_generate_key(MODULUS_BYTES * 8,3,0,0);
keypair.c:       |   ^
keypair.c: In file included from keypair.c:2:
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:264:30: note: declared here
keypair.c:   264 | OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_0_9_8 RSA *RSA_generate_key(int bits, unsigned long e, void
keypair.c:       |                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
keypair.c: keypair.c:18:3: warning: 'RSA_size' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 3.0 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:    18 |   if (RSA_size(r) != MODULUS_BYTES) goto error;
keypair.c:       |   ^~
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:215:27: note: declared here
keypair.c:   215 | OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 int RSA_size(const RSA *rsa);
keypair.c:       |                           ^~~~~~~~
keypair.c: In file included from /usr/include/openssl/asn1.h:36,
keypair.c:                  from /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:21:
keypair.c: keypair.c:20:23: error: invalid use of incomplete typedef 'RSA' {aka 'struct rsa_st'}
keypair.c:    20 |   len = BN_num_bytes(r->n); if (len > MODULUS_BYTES) goto error;
keypair.c:       |                       ^~
keypair.c: keypair.c:21:36: error: invalid use of incomplete typedef 'RSA' {aka 'struct rsa_st'}
keypair.c:    21 |   out += MODULUS_BYTES; BN_bn2bin(r->n,out - len);
keypair.c:       |                                    ^~
keypair.c: keypair.c:23:23: error: invalid use of incomplete typedef 'RSA' {aka 'struct rsa_st'}
keypair.c:    23 |   len = BN_num_bytes(r->e); if (len > MODULUS_BYTES) goto error;
keypair.c:       |                       ^~
keypair.c: ...

Number of similar (implementation,compiler) pairs: 4, namely:
ImplementationCompiler
T:opensslgcc -march=native -mtune=native -O2 -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)
T:opensslgcc -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)
T:opensslgcc -march=native -mtune=native -O -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)
T:opensslgcc -march=native -mtune=native -Os -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)

Compiler output


keypair.c: keypair.c:18:7: warning: 'RSA_new' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:   r = RSA_new();
keypair.c:       ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:212:1: note: 'RSA_new' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
keypair.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 RSA *RSA_new(void);
keypair.c: ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:194:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0'
keypair.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0                OSSL_DEPRECATED(3.0)
keypair.c:                                                 ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
keypair.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
keypair.c:                                                    ^
keypair.c: keypair.c:26:8: warning: 'RSA_generate_key_ex' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:   if (!RSA_generate_key_ex(r,MODULUS_BYTES*8,b,0)) { BN_free(b); goto error; }
keypair.c:        ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:271:1: note: 'RSA_generate_key_ex' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
keypair.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 int RSA_generate_key_ex(RSA *rsa, int bits, BIGNUM *e,
keypair.c: ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:194:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0'
keypair.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0                OSSL_DEPRECATED(3.0)
keypair.c:                                                 ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
keypair.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
keypair.c:                                                    ^
keypair.c: keypair.c:30:7: warning: 'RSA_size' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c: ...
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c:16:12: warning: 'RSA_new' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
shortmessagesigned.c:   RSA *r = RSA_new();
shortmessagesigned.c:            ^
shortmessagesigned.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:212:1: note: 'RSA_new' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
shortmessagesigned.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 RSA *RSA_new(void);
shortmessagesigned.c: ^
shortmessagesigned.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:194:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0'
shortmessagesigned.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0                OSSL_DEPRECATED(3.0)
shortmessagesigned.c:                                                 ^
shortmessagesigned.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
shortmessagesigned.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
shortmessagesigned.c:                                                    ^
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c:27:21: warning: 'RSA_set0_key' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
shortmessagesigned.c:   if (!result) if (!RSA_set0_key(r,n,e,0)) result = -1;
shortmessagesigned.c:                     ^
shortmessagesigned.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:218:1: note: 'RSA_set0_key' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
shortmessagesigned.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 int RSA_set0_key(RSA *r, BIGNUM *n, BIGNUM *e, BIGNUM *d);
shortmessagesigned.c: ^
shortmessagesigned.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:194:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0'
shortmessagesigned.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0                OSSL_DEPRECATED(3.0)
shortmessagesigned.c:                                                 ^
shortmessagesigned.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
shortmessagesigned.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
shortmessagesigned.c:                                                    ^
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c:29:20: warning: 'RSA_size' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
shortmessagesigned.c: ...
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c:24:12: warning: 'RSA_new' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
signedshortmessage.c:   RSA *r = RSA_new();
signedshortmessage.c:            ^
signedshortmessage.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:212:1: note: 'RSA_new' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
signedshortmessage.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 RSA *RSA_new(void);
signedshortmessage.c: ^
signedshortmessage.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:194:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0'
signedshortmessage.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0                OSSL_DEPRECATED(3.0)
signedshortmessage.c:                                                 ^
signedshortmessage.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
signedshortmessage.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
signedshortmessage.c:                                                    ^
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c:46:21: warning: 'RSA_set0_key' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
signedshortmessage.c:   if (!result) if (!RSA_set0_key(r,n,e,d)) result = -1;
signedshortmessage.c:                     ^
signedshortmessage.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:218:1: note: 'RSA_set0_key' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
signedshortmessage.c: OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 int RSA_set0_key(RSA *r, BIGNUM *n, BIGNUM *e, BIGNUM *d);
signedshortmessage.c: ^
signedshortmessage.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:194:49: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0'
signedshortmessage.c: #   define OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0                OSSL_DEPRECATED(3.0)
signedshortmessage.c:                                                 ^
signedshortmessage.c: /usr/include/openssl/macros.h:62:52: note: expanded from macro 'OSSL_DEPRECATED'
signedshortmessage.c: #     define OSSL_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((deprecated))
signedshortmessage.c:                                                    ^
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c:48:21: warning: 'RSA_set0_factors' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
signedshortmessage.c: ...

Number of similar (implementation,compiler) pairs: 5, namely:
ImplementationCompiler
T:opensslnewclang -march=native -O2 -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslnewclang -march=native -O3 -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslnewclang -march=native -O -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslnewclang -march=native -Os -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))
T:opensslnewclang -mcpu=native -O3 -fwrapv -Qunused-arguments -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (Debian_Clang_16.0.6_(27+b1))

Compiler output


keypair.c: keypair.c: In function 'crypto_sign_ronald1536_opensslnew_timingleaks_keypair':
keypair.c: keypair.c:18:3: warning: 'RSA_new' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 3.0 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:    18 |   r = RSA_new();
keypair.c:       |   ^
keypair.c: In file included from keypair.c:3:
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:212:28: note: declared here
keypair.c:   212 | OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 RSA *RSA_new(void);
keypair.c:       |                            ^~~~~~~
keypair.c: keypair.c:26:3: warning: 'RSA_generate_key_ex' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 3.0 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:    26 |   if (!RSA_generate_key_ex(r,MODULUS_BYTES*8,b,0)) { BN_free(b); goto error; }
keypair.c:       |   ^~
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:271:27: note: declared here
keypair.c:   271 | OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 int RSA_generate_key_ex(RSA *rsa, int bits, BIGNUM *e,
keypair.c:       |                           ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
keypair.c: keypair.c:30:3: warning: 'RSA_size' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 3.0 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:    30 |   if (RSA_size(r) != MODULUS_BYTES) goto error;
keypair.c:       |   ^~
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:215:27: note: declared here
keypair.c:   215 | OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 int RSA_size(const RSA *rsa);
keypair.c:       |                           ^~~~~~~~
keypair.c: keypair.c:32:3: warning: 'RSA_get0_n' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 3.0 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
keypair.c:    32 |   x = RSA_get0_n(r);
keypair.c:       |   ^
keypair.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:243:37: note: declared here
keypair.c:   243 | OSSL_DEPRECATEDIN_3_0 const BIGNUM *RSA_get0_n(const RSA *d);
keypair.c: ...
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c:10:17: warning: argument 1 of type 'unsigned char[181]' with mismatched bound [-Warray-parameter=]
shortmessagesigned.c:    10 |   unsigned char m[SHORTMESSAGE_BYTES],unsigned long long *mlen,
shortmessagesigned.c:       |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
shortmessagesigned.c: In file included from shortmessagesigned.c:7:
shortmessagesigned.c: short.h:9:31: note: previously declared as 'unsigned char *'
shortmessagesigned.c:     9 | extern int shortmessagesigned(unsigned char *,unsigned long long *,
shortmessagesigned.c:       |                               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c:11:23: warning: argument 3 of type 'const unsigned char[192]' with mismatched bound [-Warray-parameter=]
shortmessagesigned.c:    11 |   const unsigned char sm[SIGNATURE_BYTES],const unsigned long long smlen,
shortmessagesigned.c:       |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
shortmessagesigned.c: short.h:10:3: note: previously declared as 'const unsigned char *'
shortmessagesigned.c:    10 |   const unsigned char *,unsigned long long,const unsigned char *,unsigned long long);
shortmessagesigned.c:       |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c:12:23: warning: argument 5 of type 'const unsigned char[192]' with mismatched bound [-Warray-parameter=]
shortmessagesigned.c:    12 |   const unsigned char pk[PUBLICKEY_BYTES],const unsigned long long pklen
shortmessagesigned.c:       |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
shortmessagesigned.c: short.h:10:44: note: previously declared as 'const unsigned char *'
shortmessagesigned.c:    10 |   const unsigned char *,unsigned long long,const unsigned char *,unsigned long long);
shortmessagesigned.c:       |                                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c: In function 'crypto_sign_ronald1536_opensslnew_timingleaks_shortmessagesigned':
shortmessagesigned.c: shortmessagesigned.c:16:3: warning: 'RSA_new' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 3.0 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
shortmessagesigned.c:    16 |   RSA *r = RSA_new();
shortmessagesigned.c:       |   ^~~
shortmessagesigned.c: In file included from shortmessagesigned.c:4:
shortmessagesigned.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:212:28: note: declared here
shortmessagesigned.c: ...
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c:10:17: warning: argument 1 of type 'unsigned char[192]' with mismatched bound [-Warray-parameter=]
signedshortmessage.c:    10 |   unsigned char sm[SIGNATURE_BYTES],unsigned long long *smlen,
signedshortmessage.c:       |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
signedshortmessage.c: In file included from signedshortmessage.c:7:
signedshortmessage.c: short.h:7:31: note: previously declared as 'unsigned char *'
signedshortmessage.c:     7 | extern int signedshortmessage(unsigned char *,unsigned long long *,
signedshortmessage.c:       |                               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c:11:23: warning: argument 3 of type 'const unsigned char[181]' with mismatched bound [-Warray-parameter=]
signedshortmessage.c:    11 |   const unsigned char m[SHORTMESSAGE_BYTES],const unsigned long long mlen,
signedshortmessage.c:       |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
signedshortmessage.c: short.h:8:3: note: previously declared as 'const unsigned char *'
signedshortmessage.c:     8 |   const unsigned char *,unsigned long long,const unsigned char *,unsigned long long);
signedshortmessage.c:       |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c:12:23: warning: argument 5 of type 'const unsigned char[1536]' with mismatched bound [-Warray-parameter=]
signedshortmessage.c:    12 |   const unsigned char sk[SECRETKEY_BYTES],const unsigned long long sklen
signedshortmessage.c:       |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
signedshortmessage.c: short.h:8:44: note: previously declared as 'const unsigned char *'
signedshortmessage.c:     8 |   const unsigned char *,unsigned long long,const unsigned char *,unsigned long long);
signedshortmessage.c:       |                                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c: In function 'crypto_sign_ronald1536_opensslnew_timingleaks_signedshortmessage':
signedshortmessage.c: signedshortmessage.c:24:3: warning: 'RSA_new' is deprecated: Since OpenSSL 3.0 [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
signedshortmessage.c:    24 |   RSA *r = RSA_new();
signedshortmessage.c:       |   ^~~
signedshortmessage.c: In file included from signedshortmessage.c:4:
signedshortmessage.c: /usr/include/openssl/rsa.h:212:28: note: declared here
signedshortmessage.c: ...

Number of similar (implementation,compiler) pairs: 4, namely:
ImplementationCompiler
T:opensslnewgcc -march=native -mtune=native -O2 -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)
T:opensslnewgcc -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)
T:opensslnewgcc -march=native -mtune=native -O -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)
T:opensslnewgcc -march=native -mtune=native -Os -fwrapv -fPIC -fPIE -gdwarf-4 -Wall (13.3.0)