VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Zen 4 (a60f12); 2023 AMD Ryzen 7 7700; 8 x 3800MHz; hertz, supercop-20250307

[Page version: 20250324 17:29:08]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
152761533115412
T:
lattisigns512
329713323936662dilithium2aes
372983742437601crossrsdpg128fast
373443746737644crossrsdpg128small
374163752037725crossrsdpg128balanced
424544253742828ed25519
441834426144404aimer128f
441814434544417aimer128s
515525176152188dilithium3aes
612246135461643dilithium2
622376248063061crossrsdpg192small
742847458774888crossrsdp128balanced
743367464374978crossrsdp128small
742307478275004crossrsdp128fast
765297693377993
T:
ecdonaldp256
770657736177745dilithium5aes
793397943579585crossrsdpg192fast
792927948479711crossrsdpg192balanced
106150106544106943aimer192s
106177106575107033aimer192f
113565113777114159dilithium3
121502122346125562
T:
ecdonaldp224
134264134611135050crossrsdpg256small
134433134752135206crossrsdpg256balanced
134350134830135045crossrsdpg256fast
157952158222158697
T:
ed448goldilocks
163798164100164666crossrsdp192balanced
164161164542165071crossrsdp192fast
163922164572165094crossrsdp192small
173609174391175582dilithium5
190313191780193574
T:
pass769
211466215323216989
T:
pass863
250167250412251078aimer256s
250154250883251383aimer256f
255577257478259885nccsign1
277853278155278934crossrsdp256fast
277934278422278894crossrsdp256small
278103278620278950crossrsdp256balanced
336922338791340866nccsign3
417739418919421836
T:
donald1024
421794436995437525
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
220710?454193?749773?haetae2
451617456999462267nccsign1aes
513602514009515297
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
522873525401528094nccsign5
554390560161564498nccsign3aes
583750585936590143
T:
ecdonaldk163
584458586286589068
T:
ecdonaldp160
605820607380611231
T:
ecdonaldb163
617463619617621632
T:
mqdss48
634108636996638944
T:
ecdonaldp521
643532644779647399
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
430358?701825?1330214?haetae3
706443708522712918
T:
ecdonaldp192
758005760893764681
T:
ecdonaldp384
800014803253806617
T:
ecdonaldk233
788635823784829500
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
823652826745831338
T:
ecdonaldb233
860953866306871040nccsign5aes
407211?891139?1570985?haetae5
954416?1248705?1553485?
T:
qtesla1
137211413783431395788
T:
ecdonaldk283
138577713881951391691
T:
donald2048
143472714387181558306
T:
ecdonaldb283
143749014400501441832
T:
mqdss64
171976717358611743487
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
201748220209922024981
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
204758320744442119568
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
222601422474212248874
T:
sphincs256
232658723319262338061
T:
ecdonaldk409
246966424727882477847
T:
ecdonaldb409
2029400?2984495?3005140?
T:
qtesla3f
316075031654583174809
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
377643037816363845679
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
4049447?4732354?5943463?
T:
qtesla1p
3059729?5009998?5989622?
T:
qtesla3s
501562150220435032013
T:
ecdonaldk571
526484452807325306066
T:
mqsignrr2567246
538614653922955402270
T:
ecdonaldb571
552347855283875536989mqsignlr2567246
553433855406175554397
T:
mqsignlr2567246
581259258216885839899
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
626504262767206289737mqsignrr2567246
684601968673826891673
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
793177279518188089296
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
110933031111538911146113
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
112247581124339411390244
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
117014641172874711766944
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
138577241387093313888691
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
146443871468077614715792
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
145144771549214717357643
T:
falcon512tree
145233261551197417620977
T:
falcon512dyn
163878491673483016996503
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
12870365?18856650?26294671?
T:
ronald512
201349802018192020428728mqsignlr25611272
200298532022205720389754
T:
mqsignlr25611272
203085402084041921163005
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
214032452147998721761807mqsignrr25611272
214782402180090821931928
T:
mqsignrr25611272
253104202579549126022537
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
268582412696858427047096
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
21716860?27268233?30900018?
T:
qtesla3p
280221962824567332324960
T:
tts6440
294644232949980529546393
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
333629023369230340122866
T:
rainbow5640
347557453481655934894028
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
29106084?44624106?64234109?
T:
ronald768
463405814736441751976272
T:
falcon1024tree
465706904827995953899273
T:
falcon1024dyn
516729905186998752233458
T:
mqsignlr25614896
521542195230134952744696mqsignlr25614896
34701564?54520945?73684653?
T:
ronald1024
581912585835145158532671
T:
rainbow6440
631346116343855663571057
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
644437006461315864933111
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
651274116520286265402227
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
677559706796400269217610
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
720437337212036472226447
T:
mqsignrr25614896
721095687219709772678430mqsignrr25614896
101667669101859409102524645
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
120556923120778531121448714
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
126023873126148609126192081
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
152297127152374733152453447
T:
sflashv2
185873037186023730186252584
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
214288992214732260215474359
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
225695085225854457225929544
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
232024505232369947233804554
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
239595593239829978240049268
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
158307213?269213186?367646884?
T:
ronald1536
314033685?484565771?659647331?
T:
ronald2048
677282817677514240677759192
T:
gravitysphincss
1032719293?1326592878?2050728103?
T:
ronald3072
2795504310?3666760807?5790699949?
T:
ronald4096
108344064841083702557010841176982
T:
gravitysphincsl
216785535642168350539121686700513
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
103421063711003
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
209132113121705
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
333223353633686
T:
tts6440
441334450445298
T:
rainbow5640
453034570346353
T:
rainbow6440
462544629446622ed25519
501385036150714
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
504275064651536
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
524225263052868
T:
sflashv2
662926675967521
T:
mqsignlr2567246
749357530776455mqsignlr2567246
964299665796946
T:
mqsignrr2567246
105608105879106177mqsignrr2567246
108416108727109024
T:
ecdonaldp256
78309?120509?150604?dilithium2aes
89288?148229?212508?dilithium2
97643?158192?270244?dilithium3aes
161260162761165006
T:
mqsignlr25611272
163816164117164342
T:
ed448goldilocks
109684?179896?320206?dilithium5aes
182837184304187055mqsignlr25611272
185682186432187299
T:
ecdonaldp224
120089?230220?374760?
T:
lattisigns512
236230244290245159
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
244052245710249465
T:
mqsignrr25611272
245304256805269000
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
216121?260434?429573?dilithium3
270849272088275411mqsignrr25611272
279429?293815?569916?
T:
pass863
131841?293975?479737?
T:
qtesla1
293201296312299850
T:
ronald512
322691324341326421
T:
donald1024
321430326531329258
T:
falcon512tree
254504?356033?413599?dilithium5
273581?372450?506492?
T:
qtesla3f
421203427084434372
T:
mqsignlr25614896
459036462971469711mqsignlr25614896
271042?540991?1058682?
T:
pass769
541281544029550799
T:
mqsignrr25614896
543509549294553062
T:
ronald768
575325584433592222mqsignrr25614896
601583605813608794
T:
falcon512dyn
623510624608628168
T:
ecdonaldp160
624167628450633940
T:
ecdonaldk163
645090645726647308
T:
ecdonaldb163
645712652105656242
T:
falcon1024tree
507948?669890?888002?
T:
qtesla1p
672793676897682690
T:
ronald1024
452098?685346?1187760?
T:
qtesla3s
744550745770748650
T:
ecdonaldp192
757785770719779723
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
848500849716852344aimer128f
609559?863566?1191604?nccsign1
853312?864412?1498077?nccsign1aes
863349866563870878
T:
ecdonaldk233
874668876877878341
T:
donald2048
887280889407891663
T:
ecdonaldb233
893041895828897260
T:
ecdonaldp384
899195900991901634crossrsdpg128fast
912612923003943582
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
507075?936445?1570732?haetae2
101023710134921015688
T:
ecdonaldp521
787979?1210710?1962691?nccsign3
121610712197231223972
T:
falcon1024dyn
750846?1366624?2612061?haetae3
145170314528761455071
T:
ecdonaldk283
1041635?1516087?2314344?nccsign3aes
152105415237371527521
T:
ecdonaldb283
162090116233501626377crossrsdp128fast
820063?1804374?3122143?haetae5
184731618566831867922
T:
ronald2048
1220341?1866825?2371670?nccsign5
196762619793802029665
T:
ronald1536
198811819910591993686crossrsdpg128balanced
210652021091752112133crossrsdpg192fast
234534923485762352366aimer192f
1706968?2368263?2533590?nccsign5aes
252046125223682553980
T:
ecdonaldk409
266649026709082684653
T:
ecdonaldb409
2202163?2831662?3956428?
T:
qtesla3p
299022329916812993833crossrsdpg192balanced
303698730393883045160crossrsdp128balanced
340250234045183406769crossrsdpg256fast
361347236216223625599crossrsdp192fast
365766736610833683302
T:
mqdss48
394530539488563952788crossrsdpg128small
435066343703034390792
T:
ronald3072
464669946492454656280aimer256f
466031446643684670378crossrsdpg256balanced
477020847744674778626
T:
gravitysphincss
539944754463985618409
T:
ecdonaldk571
559179455958985605173crossrsdpg192small
574973257566575764498
T:
ecdonaldb571
609079960994236106524crossrsdp128small
627901063003706337144aimer128s
637480563812506391781crossrsdp192balanced
644718464513306456588crossrsdp256fast
824484082474158250551crossrsdpg256small
825295782696628305349
T:
ronald4096
853584285579048573380
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
888877289498508958652
T:
mqdss64
910014591101209129650
T:
gravitysphincsm
952841795371199550025crossrsdp192small
110286421103985211052263
T:
gravitysphincsl
110851501109511011106616crossrsdp256balanced
155845851566293715738647
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
170931911712267317277129aimer192s
177466831775917117778121crossrsdp256small
190002341916068419928381
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
190882151928810719310469
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
241503442495817825156276
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
331651173319489033209386aimer256s
375967733767405437715342
T:
sphincs256
436958454386069444072029
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
519182465197071852059163
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
535765265490597455782665
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
684344256852061468646411
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
927226869279797892968174
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
121394956121606881121952649
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
139210523139323146141535550
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
167410195167761040169656558
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
185852054186236575190725788
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
274858184275251145281772429
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
318528627318948998319303623
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
318131865319712637321696268
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
373266641373759952374277178
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
489457339491634348499884959
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
574703496575842154587237149
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
779794507782556470796578033
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
103992082910458341411072939670
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
149581817514965965961506048751
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
180172490018033824351808243981
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
229085117623026184272313335696
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
258785631925891919542592235821
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
380883074938273907593836811777
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
780079848200
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
147571487315085
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
164771661616725
T:
rainbow5640
178171833318643
T:
ronald512
205962111721381
T:
ronald768
212272135121412
T:
tts6440
216302173021784
T:
rainbow6440
234272443125091
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
241292451724847
T:
ronald1024
252922567525884
T:
lattisigns512
328133321433564
T:
ronald1536
358753607236458mqsignlr2567246
358863614136601
T:
mqsignrr2567246
357813614436796
T:
mqsignlr2567246
364723665936913mqsignrr2567246
428474309643217dilithium2aes
444934489845230
T:
ronald2048
51104?54955?70847?
T:
gravitysphincss
602096049360822dilithium3aes
608666142062171
T:
falcon512tree
686846880968961dilithium2
693317026571703
T:
qtesla1
731447381874645
T:
falcon512dyn
769677731177810
T:
ronald3072
855408562985729
T:
sflashv2
873728756487798dilithium5aes
9950499808100082haetae2
9012799832103623
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
112199113532116163mqsignlr25611272
112866114045115896
T:
mqsignlr25611272
113373114334114823dilithium3
119328119902120699
T:
ronald4096
119414121912126183mqsignrr25611272
119746122991125995
T:
mqsignrr25611272
122323123438124433
T:
falcon1024tree
138836139594140261
T:
qtesla3f
142246143250144409
T:
qtesla3s
148441149472150579
T:
falcon1024dyn
154382154720155132haetae3
158470159180159954ed25519
179623?181838?239790?dilithium5
190493190893191278haetae5
214237217303221964mqsignlr25614896
214929220093222592
T:
mqsignrr25614896
211857221343228942mqsignrr25614896
216433224672227597
T:
mqsignlr25614896
219634224697227187
T:
gravitysphincsm
254720254995255611
T:
ecdonaldp256
256569259604261454
T:
donald1024
296988302152306142
T:
gravitysphincsl
316503320106321852
T:
pass769
329248330795331812
T:
qtesla1p
329208331456334829
T:
pass863
335990341373347327
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
370118371208372278nccsign1
370939371871372536
T:
ecdonaldp224
381893399211410583
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
483439485481486914nccsign3
511109517297525617
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
525076533209544362
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
546611550221553761nccsign1aes
563131563896565173crossrsdpg128fast
563177564203565929
T:
ed448goldilocks
611802613727618219
T:
ecdonaldp160
666205669752671882nccsign3aes
711258715966719296
T:
ecdonaldp192
725416733324746342
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
743109744615746947nccsign5
781230787575795984
T:
donald2048
788989797011806942
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
823659832720851010
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
851330852018853273aimer128f
983055985348987290crossrsdp128fast
108370310869931090990nccsign5aes
108709010928641101903
T:
sphincs256
114457111610651183946
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
119167811938561196506
T:
ecdonaldk163
123608712377671240159
T:
ecdonaldb163
123967412568131273648
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
124523612618161273153
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
133669413374771340043crossrsdpg192fast
136276613652901368880crossrsdpg128balanced
137836113926191410405
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
165646716591911662359
T:
ecdonaldk233
168827616959241699429
T:
qtesla3p
170797417112151717051
T:
ecdonaldb233
188548418877401890015
T:
ecdonaldp521
200302020088802013104
T:
ecdonaldp384
200848120104982012539crossrsdpg192balanced
205820120777812091961
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
216305621656222169258crossrsdp128balanced
218971921915752193427crossrsdpg256fast
223474022560132267833
T:
mqdss48
225675622603192275886crossrsdp192fast
224377222652592299513
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
234624323508892355966aimer192f
253343425918782641836
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
277800627830212786540crossrsdpg128small
281670228184372824368
T:
ecdonaldk283
295432729569232960276
T:
ecdonaldb283
316938431724213174656crossrsdpg256balanced
372949738201253871653
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
399323639973804001176crossrsdpg192small
400180040053404010305crossrsdp256fast
451881745234674529997crossrsdp128small
451972845280084533976crossrsdp192balanced
462275746245274632037aimer256f
486271748701154881360
T:
ecdonaldk409
487672849458175040759
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
514721651569105171108
T:
ecdonaldb409
505694451932235330515
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
575158057930455814152
T:
mqdss64
598523759904095995692crossrsdpg256small
620500062848536362843
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
626984163080436312857aimer128s
640589364161216422684
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
645901764781656515441
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
697518269834206995902crossrsdp192small
742758675265677636108
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
778323477902747798928crossrsdp256balanced
952383496422149738225
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
981873599175989974335
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
9773898992602710039885
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
104460131046202310494850
T:
ecdonaldk571
111775141118556311200764
T:
ecdonaldb571
121843681261444412903413
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
129369741294445212957492crossrsdp256small
169387211714119117227655aimer192s
193772471958673519787709
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
194158581961402619839708
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
330479083306081833108670aimer256s
387388343883702438896152
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
40101234?40487023?55706868?
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
899227369016030390257058
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
912021239130431491482321
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664