VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems

ECRYPT II

Measurements of public-key signature systems, indexed by machine

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.

What do the graphs and tables mean?

• Time to verify a signed message.
• Time to sign a message.
• Time to compute a key pair.
• Space for a secret key.
• Space for a public key.
• Space for a signature on a short message.
• Space for a signature on a long message: more precisely, the difference between the space used by a long signed message and the space used by the original unsigned message. This can be smaller than the space for a signature on a short message for signature systems that support "message recovery."

Each computer also has a series of tables, eight tables for each computer. The first table shows the time, in cycles, to generate a key pair. Each row of the table lists

• the first quartile of many time measurements,
• the median of many time measurements,
• the third quartile of many time measurements, and
• the name of the signature system.

The computer name is linked to additional information about the implementations and compilers selected for benchmarking.

amd64; Zen (800f12); 2017 AMD EPYC 7601; 64 x 2200MHz; unstable; genji262, supercop-20180818

Cycles to generate a key pair quartile median quartile system 4334 4642 5060 picnicl1ur 4290? 4730? 8954? picnicl1fs 20702 21692 24508 picnicl3fs 21538 24508 26202 picnicl3ur 24948 25014 25388 lattisigns512 26312 28578 30866 picnicl5fs 39512 40194 40304 ed25519 50226 51304 52536 picnicl5ur 91608 92048 93148 donald512 149094 150062 151118 dilithium2 174636 175142 178310 ed448goldilocks 228184 229790 231572 dilithium3 234542 236918 240174 donald1024 247632 248886 249612 pass769 293788 297022 299530 pass863 304524 306416 333784 dilithium4 480348 492052 501226 ecdonaldp256 670406 679140 697334 mqdss48 711590 721842 733040 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 773696 777502 796004 donald2048 780978 791032 808280 hector 845042 887986 913506 sphincsf128haraka 1272260 1289530 1310782 sphincsf192haraka 1021812? 1360326? 1999184? qtesla1 1712524 1730542 1748076 mqdss64 2276142 2287450 2317084 edons128ref 1834162? 2573098? 3339600? qtesla128 3058264 3073576 3114452 sphincsf128sha256 3160740 3234528 3295490 sphincsf256haraka 2290530? 3314806? 4431636? qtesla3f 3310208 3363998 3419328 ntrumls401x 3523740 3543958 3588750 sphincs256 3884936 3945700 3990514 ntrumls439x 4715568? 4821432? 6868114? qtesla192 5282200 5350290 5430678 sphincsf192sha256 4757368? 5396424? 6053080? qtesla1p 5340346 5459960 5501100 ecdonaldp521 6199798 6285554 6350300 ecdonaldp384 4510682? 6694424? 9956144? qtesla3s 6821232 6883602 6935038 rainbowbinary256181212 6952264 7030166 7130662 ntrumls593x 5126550? 7454854? 9881212? qtesla256 7763162 7845244 8203184 luov863256 8569660 8666372 8735342 3icp 7063144? 10007162? 15073278? ronald512 10575202 10687996 10852050 ntrumls743x 10518090 10689558 10724934 sphincsf128shake256 10852050 11009416 11143528 luov863256pc 15805328 15838680 16209974 sphincsf192shake256 19760906 19862260 20048270 luov4849242 19985834 20265652 20669968 sphincsf256sha256 13374746? 21600260? 31769760? ronald768 16296742? 22181060? 29456746? rwb0fuz1024 23731818 23843820 23990054 rainbowbinary16242020 21877592? 25828858? 31439518? qtesla3p 25415236 26019576 26538820 tts6440 27899058 28200282 28394652 sphincss128haraka 28114790 28417070 28505334 luov890351 20521116? 33934956? 52573554? ronald1024 40610878 40664470 40819328 sphincsf256shake256 42742260 42843834 43118790 sphincss192haraka 43912682 44399036 45187384 luov890351pc 44526350 44861872 45237434 rainbow5640 51167160 51981952 52172252 luov8117404 52614760 52974790 53424932 sphincss256haraka 65395704 65735230 66208010 luov6468330 73630700 74142486 75073262 luov8117404pc 54018910? 93662910? 168454154? ronald1536 98660188 99689040 99985666 sphincss128sha256 101871946 103442328 105231962 rainbow1b 106395784 107129550 107743042 rainbow6440 119662752 119914344 120712702 luov8086399 140029538 140978552 141267302 sflashv2 171955718 173413174 173983744 sphincss192sha256 99895004? 187771606? 276229316? ronald2048 211628120 213763924 214894284 pflash1 225322768 227334668 228573048 rainbow1c 314745904 318496860 320088230 sphincss256sha256 340476620 344232680 344593414 sphincss128shake256 359631272 368100656 379406478 mqqsig160 494954834 496876952 503760114 sphincss192shake256 383317528? 640705098? 939599386? ronald3072 641655916 650224146 651685958 sphincss256shake256 661150402 663585912 671136246 rainbow3b 722382892 724732030 726634788 rainbow1a 725968518 735385420 745559320 gui184 758138744 774532110 796550194 mqqsig192 992536930 1011105986 1028445550 mqqsig224 901749178? 1546326518? 2235772198? ronald4096 1669576458 1701664558 1742770084 mqqsig256 1865263510 1870575278 1898172056 rainbow3c 2909553856 2929242756 2935556822 rainbow6b 3223938850 3305186720 3389648658 pqrsa15 5805885756 5821434542 5868208500 rainbow5c 6216386088 6298956774 6308840472 rainbow4a 6389506156 6485250838 6557224652 gui312 7340353284 7399412086 7414172590 rainbow6a 19519052102 19575005076 19684059802 gui448 Cycles to sign 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 1474 1496 1496 mqqsig160 2244 2244 2310 mqqsig192 2882 2904 2992 mqqsig224 2926 2948 2970 mqqsig256 9900 10010 10120 rainbowbinary256181212 15642 15906 16192 rainbowbinary16242020 21318 21560 21758 tts6440 39776 39974 42548 rainbow5640 42306 42988 43208 ed25519 55176 55616 55968 rainbow1a 63514 63866 64636 sflashv2 78892 79882 80344 rainbow6440 94248 95018 96800 rainbow1c 137742 140360 144474 donald512 151998 154154 157410 ecdonaldp256 180730 182402 184558 ed448goldilocks 284614 287452 290180 donald1024 293766 296076 296912 rainbow1b 294778 297066 300058 rainbow3c 280610? 310596? 822382? pass769 135476? 323884? 702856? 3icp 326656 333234 341726 ronald512 337326? 355454? 445720? dilithium2 366938? 380292? 670758? ntrumls439x 211222? 428032? 882288? lattisigns512 240394? 475354? 681670? qtesla1 471152 479512 485166 luov863256pc 511918 529452 619036 rainbow6a 558382 563684 568986 rainbow5c 559284 572440 580118 ronald768 334114? 598246? 887348? ntrumls401x 403062? 606936? 1020338? qtesla3f 612084 613030 629486 rainbow4a 340824? 654258? 982388? pass863 652784? 661166? 1047420? qtesla128 750464 763202 777810 ronald1024 761640 769494 783156 rwb0fuz1024 802648 814242 823218 hector 831512 840114 845900 donald2048 461384? 867922? 1644368? dilithium4 665896? 959222? 1163558? dilithium3 974072 979946 986458 rainbow3b 525316? 1053250? 1889734? qtesla1p 604516? 1106688? 2074358? ntrumls593x 1164922 1189782 1235168 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 1269818 1283502 1304754 luov890351pc 791582? 1432068? 1536238? ntrumls743x 1451230 1465948 1488916 ecdonaldp521 945428? 1713602? 3243812? qtesla3s 1805914? 1814736? 13033636? qtesla256 1806706 1826264 1850992 luov8117404pc 2038938 2061906 2088548 ecdonaldp384 2048332 2063798 2081882 ronald1536 2386758 2394612 2405414 rainbow6b 1328514? 2909654? 6496688? pflash1 3072036 3096258 3140588 edons128ref 3255450 3292652 3323738 ronald2048 2321418? 3576386? 5375348? qtesla192 2430912? 4263314? 6173354? qtesla3p 5588594 5626566 5664384 mqdss48 5869270 5936282 5967610 luov863256 8769574 8856078 8916974 ronald3072 8843582 8866000 8935322 picnicl1fs 7686426? 11649682? 23103630? gui184 12852356 13034956 13135452 picnicl1ur 14812578 14989062 15196324 mqdss64 18803576 18982150 19196078 ronald4096 19293054 19558550 19582706 luov890351 23911844 24657182 25110404 picnicl3fs 30704828 30905952 31196506 sphincsf128haraka 34037102 34111660 34273250 luov8117404 34578280 34885026 35439338 luov4849242 34165890 35809488 35975544 picnicl3ur 37667718 37826932 38066358 sphincsf192haraka 45903550 48180990 49394136 picnicl5fs 64376246 64551564 64734802 picnicl5ur 64670738 65010198 65625868 sphincs256 83516092 84145116 85298378 sphincsf256haraka 97054364 97392570 98423930 sphincsf128sha256 115674416 116906262 117283606 luov6468330 122346334 123045736 124780722 pqrsa15 146114782 147674670 149653812 sphincsf192sha256 229399566 229921384 232701524 luov8086399 323793514 325210710 328181040 sphincsf128shake256 254942710? 388822280? 777303538? gui312 428487862 429621896 434595480 sphincsf192shake256 454416952 458349298 459759102 sphincsf256sha256 522657256 524322304 525408576 sphincss128haraka 755500658 766610680 776119146 sphincss256haraka 915231262 917034910 918513948 sphincsf256shake256 1268167010 1279718748 1282631042 sphincss192haraka 1447492332 1468682930 1483560650 sphincss128sha256 3705968156 3710514280 3786831928 sphincss256sha256 3741558854 3748281636 3752167804 sphincss192sha256 4971321036 4979924004 4982307242 sphincss128shake256 2555851100? 4983934956? 8306185074? gui448 7363794152 7371665422 7374811224 sphincss256shake256 10277356210 10305389314 10320377672 sphincss192shake256 Cycles to verify 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 6314 6424 6644 rainbowbinary256181212 6490 6600 6732 rwb0fuz1024 7568 7722 7942 rainbowbinary16242020 12826 12892 12936 3icp 16500 16544 16698 rainbow5640 21582 21648 21692 rainbow6440 21274 21780 21824 tts6440 20174 22198 22880 ronald512 24310 24728 24948 ronald768 26730 28996 29480 ronald1024 29810 30206 30360 rainbow1a 27258 30712 31592 mqqsig160 35266 35376 35552 lattisigns512 36454 36652 37290 ronald1536 31922? 39138? 40084? mqqsig192 48840 49126 49500 ronald2048 48774 49346 51546 rainbow1c 50754 51810 52778 sflashv2 52448 53878 55132 mqqsig224 59884 61798 63316 mqqsig256 77990 79288 80234 ronald3072 81312 82368 82940 qtesla1 121088 122254 125180 ronald4096 125026 126962 136928 luov863256pc 128238 129404 130548 donald512 136994 138182 140096 ntrumls401x 147202 149798 151360 dilithium2 148214 150128 150634 ed25519 153846 154176 155716 ntrumls439x 181214 182072 182534 qtesla3f 163900? 182556? 217536? gui184 185394 186428 187704 rainbow3c 215622 216392 217646 dilithium3 220660 221694 224796 luov890351pc 251526 251922 254782 ntrumls593x 259886 262922 265188 rainbow4a 267740 269214 272228 qtesla3s 288926 291830 296494 donald1024 298936 303754 315172 luov8117404pc 304590 306262 311212 ecdonaldp256 305822 308616 326678 dilithium4 318340 321178 321684 rainbow1b 327426 330022 336622 ntrumls743x 362208 362934 369534 pass769 413490 416460 421498 rainbow5c 407616 416724 424314 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 431068 436722 442156 pass863 436700 438834 440264 qtesla128 445368 448382 455246 qtesla1p 538098 543796 552222 sphincss128haraka 514668 545534 581042 rainbow6a 574222 581856 590964 ed448goldilocks 650738 662596 676698 pflash1 872124 882618 891770 qtesla192 881452 888360 896016 donald2048 876436 897512 918984 gui312 937112 947760 960916 edons128ref 965074 973830 991716 sphincss192haraka 1063656 1075008 1090672 qtesla256 1096876 1103388 1110010 rainbow3b 1146838 1216556 1233496 sphincss256haraka 1224476 1264428 1283876 sphincsf128haraka 1594626 1612050 1625822 sphincs256 1512478 1688038 1723414 gui448 1752256 1761518 1889536 sphincss128sha256 2097128 2149796 2162666 sphincsf192haraka 2204884 2215400 2222704 qtesla3p 2207524 2225916 2291058 sphincsf256haraka 2311562 2351118 2386120 ecdonaldp384 2860946 2867458 2877578 rainbow6b 2862068 2920500 2964654 ecdonaldp521 3084070 3117136 3122438 sphincss192sha256 3410374 3445420 3460336 hector 3739604 3754542 3778104 mqdss48 4218412 4234758 4338620 sphincsf128sha256 5018618 5047416 5075026 luov863256 5594534 5636444 5682666 sphincss256sha256 6063046 6079040 6103306 picnicl1fs 6342534 6375160 6584688 sphincss128shake256 7621262 7790926 8051230 sphincsf192sha256 9179170 9291458 9404802 picnicl1ur 9361132 9711570 9756890 sphincss192shake256 10336260 10471714 10670682 mqdss64 11173756 11469766 11507276 sphincsf256sha256 12310826 12354122 12435016 sphincss256shake256 15881030 15916736 15954180 sphincsf128shake256 16449730 16803710 16989082 picnicl3fs 17209082 17416850 17471366 luov890351 18451598 18550972 18817920 pqrsa15 24025518 25444408 25528580 picnicl3ur 25467398 25621816 26244702 sphincsf256shake256 25247090 25656026 29761446 sphincsf192shake256 26687386 26867962 27278174 luov4849242 29975748 30307090 30416144 luov8117404 31538364 33165286 34239458 picnicl5fs 45749440 45852202 46074864 picnicl5ur 73717974 74644900 75017558 luov6468330 139754230 140068192 141766812 luov8086399 Secret key bytes system 29 hector 32 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 32 edons128ref 32 luov4849242 32 luov6468330 32 luov8086399 32 luov8117404 32 luov863256 32 luov890351 32 mqdss48 48 mqdss64 49 picnicl1fs 49 picnicl1ur 64 ed25519 64 sphincsf128haraka 64 sphincsf128sha256 64 sphincsf128shake256 64 sphincss128haraka 64 sphincss128sha256 64 sphincss128shake256 73 picnicl3fs 73 picnicl3ur 84 donald512 96 ecdonaldp256 96 sphincsf192haraka 96 sphincsf192sha256 96 sphincsf192shake256 96 sphincss192haraka 96 sphincss192sha256 96 sphincss192shake256 97 picnicl5fs 97 picnicl5ur 128 sphincsf256haraka 128 sphincsf256sha256 128 sphincsf256shake256 128 sphincss256haraka 128 sphincss256sha256 128 sphincss256shake256 144 ecdonaldp384 144 ed448goldilocks 148 donald1024 193 pass769 198 ecdonaldp521 216 pass863 256 lattisigns512 265 rwb0fuz1024 276 donald2048 401 mqqsig160 465 mqqsig192 512 ronald512 529 mqqsig224 593 mqqsig256 768 ronald768 1024 ronald1024 1088 sphincs256 1158 ntrumls401x 1305 ntrumls439x 1536 ronald1536 1742 ntrumls593x 2048 ronald2048 2112 qtesla1 2112 qtesla128 2267 ntrumls743x 2800 dilithium2 2823 sflashv2 3072 ronald3072 3504 dilithium3 3856 dilithium4 4096 ronald4096 4160 qtesla3f 4160 qtesla3s 5184 qtesla1p 5550 pflash1 8256 qtesla192 8256 qtesla256 12352 qtesla3p 12768 3icp 14985 gui184 16608 tts6440 23408 rainbowbinary256181212 41755 gui312 86240 rainbow5640 94384 rainbowbinary16242020 94757 gui448 98304 pqrsa15 100209 rainbow1a 114308 rainbow1b 143385 rainbow1c 150512 rainbow6440 376141 rainbow4a 396840 luov863256pc 409463 rainbow3b 537781 rainbow3c 892079 rainbow6a 1016868 rainbow6b 1274317 rainbow5c 1506592 luov890351pc 2080112 luov8117404pc Public key bytes system 32 ed25519 32 sphincsf128haraka 32 sphincsf128sha256 32 sphincsf128shake256 32 sphincss128haraka 32 sphincss128sha256 32 sphincss128shake256 33 picnicl1fs 33 picnicl1ur 48 sphincsf192haraka 48 sphincsf192sha256 48 sphincsf192shake256 48 sphincss192haraka 48 sphincss192sha256 48 sphincss192shake256 49 picnicl3fs 49 picnicl3ur 56 ed448goldilocks 60 hector 62 mqdss48 64 donald512 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ronald512 64 sphincsf256haraka 64 sphincsf256sha256 64 sphincsf256shake256 64 sphincss256haraka 64 sphincss256sha256 64 sphincss256shake256 65 picnicl5fs 65 picnicl5ur 88 mqdss64 96 ecdonaldp384 96 ronald768 128 donald1024 128 ronald1024 128 rwb0fuz1024 132 ecdonaldp521 192 ronald1536 256 donald2048 256 ronald2048 384 ronald3072 512 ronald4096 840 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 972 ntrumls401x 1056 sphincs256 1112 ntrumls439x 1184 dilithium2 1472 dilithium3 1478 ntrumls593x 1504 qtesla1 1536 lattisigns512 1544 pass769 1760 dilithium4 1776 pass863 1927 ntrumls743x 2576 edons128ref 2976 qtesla3s 3104 qtesla3f 4128 qtesla128 7536 luov4849242 8224 qtesla192 8224 qtesla256 14880 qtesla1p 15908 luov863256 19266 sflashv2 19973 luov6468330 30240 rainbowbinary256181212 32768 pqrsa15 35712 3icp 39712 qtesla3p 40248 luov8086399 44160 rainbow5640 46101 luov890351 57600 rainbow6440 57600 tts6440 72124 pflash1 100989 luov8117404 102912 rainbowbinary16242020 152097 rainbow1a 163185 rainbow1b 192241 rainbow1c 206112 mqqsig160 333540 mqqsig192 410880 luov863256pc 422122 gui184 529242 mqqsig224 564535 rainbow3b 565489 rainbow4a 720793 rainbow3c 789552 mqqsig256 1351361 rainbow6a 1456225 rainbow6b 1566448 luov890351pc 1723681 rainbow5c 1990045 gui312 2184048 luov8117404pc 5903405 gui448 Signing 0 bytes bytes system fail ntrumls401x fail ntrumls439x fail ntrumls593x fail ntrumls743x 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 pflash1 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 tts6440 45 gui184 63 gui312 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 64 rainbow1a 64 ronald512 65 rwb0fuz1024 78 rainbow1b 83 gui448 87 hector 92 rainbow4a 96 ecdonaldp384 96 ronald768 104 rainbow1c 112 ed448goldilocks 112 rainbow3b 118 rainbow6a 128 ronald1024 132 ecdonaldp521 147 rainbow6b 156 rainbow3c 192 ronald1536 204 rainbow5c 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 256 ronald2048 304 edons128ref 319 luov863256 319 luov863256pc 384 ronald3072 441 luov890351 441 luov890351pc 512 ronald4096 521 luov8117404 521 luov8117404pc 1184 lattisigns512 1376 qtesla1 1602 pass769 1746 luov4849242 1790 pass863 2044 dilithium2 2701 dilithium3 2720 qtesla3s 2848 qtesla1p 2848 qtesla3f 3104 qtesla128 3184 luov6468330 3366 dilithium4 4850 luov8086399 6176 qtesla192 6176 qtesla256 6176 qtesla3p 8080 sphincss128haraka 8080 sphincss128sha256 8080 sphincss128shake256 16976 sphincsf128haraka 16976 sphincsf128sha256 16976 sphincsf128shake256 17064 sphincss192haraka 17064 sphincss192sha256 17064 sphincss192shake256 29792 sphincss256haraka 29792 sphincss256sha256 29792 sphincss256shake256 32800 pqrsa15 32882 mqdss48 32884 picnicl1fs 35664 sphincsf192haraka 35664 sphincsf192sha256 35664 sphincsf192shake256 41000 sphincs256 49216 sphincsf256haraka 49216 sphincsf256sha256 49216 sphincsf256shake256 53933 picnicl1ur 67800 mqdss64 74104 picnicl3fs 121817 picnicl3ur 128188 picnicl5fs 209478 picnicl5ur Signing 23 bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 pflash1 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 41 ronald512 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 tts6440 45 gui184 63 gui312 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 64 rainbow1a 65 rwb0fuz1024 73 ronald768 78 rainbow1b 83 gui448 87 hector 92 rainbow4a 96 ecdonaldp384 104 rainbow1c 105 ronald1024 112 ed448goldilocks 112 rainbow3b 118 rainbow6a 132 ecdonaldp521 147 rainbow6b 156 rainbow3c 169 ronald1536 204 rainbow5c 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 233 ronald2048 304 edons128ref 319 luov863256 319 luov863256pc 361 ronald3072 441 luov890351 441 luov890351pc 489 ronald4096 521 luov8117404 521 luov8117404pc 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1184 lattisigns512 1335 ntrumls593x 1376 qtesla1 1602 pass769 1746 luov4849242 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 2044 dilithium2 2701 dilithium3 2720 qtesla3s 2848 qtesla1p 2848 qtesla3f 3104 qtesla128 3184 luov6468330 3366 dilithium4 4850 luov8086399 6176 qtesla192 6176 qtesla256 6176 qtesla3p 8080 sphincss128haraka 8080 sphincss128sha256 8080 sphincss128shake256 16976 sphincsf128haraka 16976 sphincsf128sha256 16976 sphincsf128shake256 17064 sphincss192haraka 17064 sphincss192sha256 17064 sphincss192shake256 29792 sphincss256haraka 29792 sphincss256sha256 29792 sphincss256shake256 32800 pqrsa15 32852 picnicl1fs 32882 mqdss48 35664 sphincsf192haraka 35664 sphincsf192sha256 35664 sphincsf192shake256 41000 sphincs256 49216 sphincsf256haraka 49216 sphincsf256sha256 49216 sphincsf256shake256 53933 picnicl1ur 67800 mqdss64 74032 picnicl3fs 121817 picnicl3ur 128156 picnicl5fs 209478 picnicl5ur Signing many bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 pflash1 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 ronald1024 43 ronald1536 43 ronald2048 43 ronald3072 43 ronald4096 43 ronald512 43 ronald768 43 tts6440 45 gui184 63 gui312 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 64 rainbow1a 65 rwb0fuz1024 78 rainbow1b 83 gui448 87 hector 92 rainbow4a 96 ecdonaldp384 104 rainbow1c 112 ed448goldilocks 112 rainbow3b 118 rainbow6a 132 ecdonaldp521 147 rainbow6b 156 rainbow3c 204 rainbow5c 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 304 edons128ref 319 luov863256 319 luov863256pc 441 luov890351 441 luov890351pc 521 luov8117404 521 luov8117404pc 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1184 lattisigns512 1335 ntrumls593x 1376 qtesla1 1602 pass769 1746 luov4849242 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 2044 dilithium2 2701 dilithium3 2720 qtesla3s 2848 qtesla1p 2848 qtesla3f 3104 qtesla128 3184 luov6468330 3366 dilithium4 4850 luov8086399 6176 qtesla192 6176 qtesla256 6176 qtesla3p 8080 sphincss128haraka 8080 sphincss128sha256 8080 sphincss128shake256 16976 sphincsf128haraka 16976 sphincsf128sha256 16976 sphincsf128shake256 17064 sphincss192haraka 17064 sphincss192sha256 17064 sphincss192shake256 29792 sphincss256haraka 29792 sphincss256sha256 29792 sphincss256shake256 32800 pqrsa15 32804 picnicl1fs 32882 mqdss48 35664 sphincsf192haraka 35664 sphincsf192sha256 35664 sphincsf192shake256 41000 sphincs256 49216 sphincsf256haraka 49216 sphincsf256sha256 49216 sphincsf256shake256 53933 picnicl1ur 67800 mqdss64 73840 picnicl3fs 121817 picnicl3ur 128124 picnicl5fs 209478 picnicl5ur

amd64; Zen (800f11); 2017 AMD Ryzen 7 1700; 8 x 3000MHz; rumba7, supercop-20171218

Cycles to generate a key pair quartile median quartile system 34500 34560 34650 lattisigns512 47100 47220 47310 ed25519 107520 107790 108990 donald512 105630 108360 110820 ecdonaldp256 169050 172170 173820 ecdonaldp224 207570 207990 208380 ed448goldilocks 271650 271800 272550 donald1024 279360 280110 280890 pass769 337950 338850 340620 pass863 605940 610620 617880 ecdonaldp160 626400 629490 634140 ecdonaldk163 653700 656700 659970 ecdonaldb163 712950 720510 727920 ecdonaldp192 805020 807000 811500 ecdonaldp521 818430 821850 829290 ecdonaldk233 841620 845460 854400 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 849300 855150 860790 ecdonaldb233 879750 881340 882840 donald2048 1442730 1450290 1456860 ecdonaldk283 1541430 1546050 1554660 ecdonaldb283 2231760 2244900 2256060 ecdonaldp384 2392230 2402730 2412600 ecdonaldk409 2580210 2588520 2596920 ecdonaldb409 2731290 2737800 2750580 edons128ref 3903000 3946290 3994050 ntrumls401x 4116060 4126500 4132110 sphincs256 4583760 4648200 4695660 ntrumls439x 5393670 5411640 5426250 ecdonaldk571 5871750 5888370 5899290 ecdonaldb571 6786720 6813870 6861510 3icp 8177400 8247540 8320260 ntrumls593x 10706160 10723380 10738230 rainbowbinary256181212 7549050? 11266260? 17388600? ronald512 12463530 12599820 12712200 ntrumls743x 18081480 18105270 18245760 tts6440 21095580? 24924210? 31879920? rwb0fuz1024 15995760? 26164830? 39159690? ronald768 29868720 29911710 29945220 rainbowbinary16242020 25514850? 39528480? 57854130? ronald1024 41796450 42185940 42254340 rainbow5640 92397870 102459690 105239130 rainbow6440 73302150? 111442620? 161005830? ronald1536 161382930 161681250 166680420 sflashv2 115867590? 180367620? 324328800? ronald2048 280679460 292131090 303263580 mqqsig160 444896220 451374480 463878210 mqqsig224 486541320? 776221260? 1089642270? ronald3072 952438050 972183540 988613550 mqqsig192 1068663090? 1815536430? 2928388410? ronald4096 3046560300 3088372710 3136896330 mqqsig256 3775190430 3872019420 3976685190 pqrsa15 Cycles to sign 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 1650 1680 1710 mqqsig160 2310 2340 2370 mqqsig224 2340 2340 2370 mqqsig256 2880 2910 2910 mqqsig192 14310 14370 14580 rainbowbinary256181212 19350 19530 19710 tts6440 20430 20640 20880 rainbowbinary16242020 36300? 36510? 48390? rainbow5640 50610 50700 50760 ed25519 59910 65310 66360 rainbow6440 82260 82590 83520 sflashv2 163980 167160 170670 donald512 180660 182940 185250 ecdonaldp256 215610 215910 216210 ed448goldilocks 235650 239190 241500 ecdonaldp224 129690? 326700? 496530? 3icp 333540 335790 338160 donald1024 323490? 346800? 676080? pass769 393810 398370 403410 ronald512 384300? 412980? 1167450? pass863 458700? 463620? 836610? ntrumls439x 275520? 537510? 889350? lattisigns512 652950 659370 666720 ecdonaldp160 678840 681990 685320 ecdonaldk163 675240 684240 693690 ronald768 704370 707070 709260 ecdonaldb163 415470? 750240? 1411380? ntrumls401x 766830 771630 779700 ecdonaldp192 896160 902280 904830 ecdonaldk233 895470 904740 914610 ronald1024 915930 928380 933660 rwb0fuz1024 933870 937080 939900 ecdonaldb233 960960 965340 970260 donald2048 1223820 1227270 1231020 ecdonaldp521 1317090 1323210 1332540 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 729360? 1344930? 1970130? ntrumls593x 1560270 1567440 1574730 ecdonaldk283 1662780 1668450 1673850 ecdonaldb283 1004610? 1853850? 2706210? ntrumls743x 2386320 2394780 2407020 ecdonaldp384 2400780 2412900 2425530 ronald1536 2626080 2635980 2645160 ecdonaldk409 2810730 2824470 2843460 ecdonaldb409 3306960 3315690 3327570 edons128ref 3766710 3784770 3800880 ronald2048 5893980 5905650 5920650 ecdonaldk571 6330540 6341760 6358350 ecdonaldb571 10182090 10215300 10251270 ronald3072 21540000 21583770 21626760 ronald4096 77822490 77870730 78004710 sphincs256 143572560 143674110 143824950 pqrsa15 Cycles to verify 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 8130 8430 8520 rwb0fuz1024 10290 10320 10410 rainbowbinary256181212 10290 10470 10710 rainbowbinary16242020 16890 16920 16950 3icp 20280 20370 20790 rainbow5640 26220 26280 26520 tts6440 25320 26460 27960 ronald512 26460 26880 27000 rainbow6440 27300 29190 29400 ronald768 33330 33540 33840 ronald1024 32730 35280 35970 mqqsig160 35670 37590 38460 mqqsig192 42390 42660 43050 ronald1536 41850 46020 47820 mqqsig224 47100 47160 47310 lattisigns512 56190 56310 56700 ronald2048 61350 62760 64290 mqqsig256 90360 90720 91470 sflashv2 90840 91380 91800 ronald3072 141060 142020 143100 ronald4096 148890 149340 150570 donald512 164970 165120 165420 ntrumls401x 174090 175440 175740 ed25519 185700 185940 186390 ntrumls439x 297150 297360 297750 ntrumls593x 330300 333690 339090 donald1024 354450 358740 364620 ecdonaldp256 397080 397500 398250 ntrumls743x 427920 429810 430680 pass769 481560 485640 490890 ecdonaldp224 484500 489150 496830 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 504300 505470 506820 pass863 667110 669630 671610 ed448goldilocks 739560 743490 760350 ecdonaldp160 876180 885120 892890 ecdonaldp192 956280 958770 966330 edons128ref 1020510 1027110 1030170 donald2048 1267170 1272090 1280070 ecdonaldk163 1322730 1326660 1331820 ecdonaldb163 1670880 1688700 1714320 ecdonaldk233 1735680 1752750 1760220 ecdonaldb233 1842750 1880040 1885920 sphincs256 2083110 2090250 2095650 ecdonaldp521 2709930 2716500 2726550 ecdonaldp384 2941680 2954490 2964570 ecdonaldk283 3143460 3152070 3157380 ecdonaldb283 4932210 4971360 4998600 ecdonaldk409 5278920 5299020 5323560 ecdonaldb409 10999320 11016390 11037870 ecdonaldk571 11909100 11956350 11980800 ecdonaldb571 21241020 21248910 21264690 pqrsa15 Secret key bytes system 32 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 32 edons128ref 60 ecdonaldp160 63 ecdonaldb163 63 ecdonaldk163 64 ed25519 72 ecdonaldp192 84 donald512 84 ecdonaldp224 90 ecdonaldb233 90 ecdonaldk233 96 ecdonaldp256 108 ecdonaldb283 108 ecdonaldk283 144 ecdonaldp384 144 ed448goldilocks 148 donald1024 156 ecdonaldb409 156 ecdonaldk409 193 pass769 198 ecdonaldp521 216 ecdonaldb571 216 ecdonaldk571 216 pass863 256 lattisigns512 265 rwb0fuz1024 276 donald2048 401 mqqsig160 465 mqqsig192 512 ronald512 529 mqqsig224 593 mqqsig256 768 ronald768 1024 ronald1024 1088 sphincs256 1158 ntrumls401x 1305 ntrumls439x 1536 ronald1536 1742 ntrumls593x 2048 ronald2048 2267 ntrumls743x 2823 sflashv2 3072 ronald3072 4096 ronald4096 12768 3icp 16608 tts6440 23408 rainbowbinary256181212 86240 rainbow5640 94384 rainbowbinary16242020 98304 pqrsa15 150512 rainbow6440 Public key bytes system 32 ed25519 40 ecdonaldp160 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 48 ecdonaldp192 56 ecdonaldp224 56 ed448goldilocks 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 64 donald512 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ronald512 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 96 ecdonaldp384 96 ronald768 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 128 donald1024 128 ronald1024 128 rwb0fuz1024 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 192 ronald1536 256 donald2048 256 ronald2048 384 ronald3072 512 ronald4096 840 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 972 ntrumls401x 1056 sphincs256 1112 ntrumls439x 1478 ntrumls593x 1536 lattisigns512 1544 pass769 1776 pass863 1927 ntrumls743x 2576 edons128ref 19266 sflashv2 30240 rainbowbinary256181212 32768 pqrsa15 35712 3icp 44160 rainbow5640 57600 rainbow6440 57600 tts6440 102912 rainbowbinary16242020 206112 mqqsig160 333540 mqqsig192 529242 mqqsig224 789552 mqqsig256 Signing 0 bytes bytes system fail ntrumls401x fail ntrumls439x fail ntrumls593x fail ntrumls743x 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 40 ecdonaldp160 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 tts6440 48 ecdonaldp192 56 ecdonaldp224 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 64 ronald512 65 rwb0fuz1024 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 96 ecdonaldp384 96 ronald768 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 112 ed448goldilocks 128 ronald1024 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 192 ronald1536 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 256 ronald2048 304 edons128ref 384 ronald3072 512 ronald4096 1184 lattisigns512 1602 pass769 1790 pass863 32800 pqrsa15 41000 sphincs256 Signing 23 bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 40 ecdonaldp160 41 ronald512 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 tts6440 48 ecdonaldp192 56 ecdonaldp224 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 65 rwb0fuz1024 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 73 ronald768 96 ecdonaldp384 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 105 ronald1024 112 ed448goldilocks 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 169 ronald1536 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 233 ronald2048 304 edons128ref 361 ronald3072 489 ronald4096 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1184 lattisigns512 1335 ntrumls593x 1602 pass769 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 32800 pqrsa15 41000 sphincs256 Signing many bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 40 ecdonaldp160 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 ronald1024 43 ronald1536 43 ronald2048 43 ronald3072 43 ronald4096 43 ronald512 43 ronald768 43 tts6440 48 ecdonaldp192 56 ecdonaldp224 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 65 rwb0fuz1024 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 96 ecdonaldp384 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 112 ed448goldilocks 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 304 edons128ref 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1184 lattisigns512 1335 ntrumls593x 1602 pass769 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 32800 pqrsa15 41000 sphincs256

x86; normally amd64; Zen (800f11); 2017 AMD Ryzen 7 1700; 8 x 3000MHz; rumba7, supercop-20171218

Cycles to generate a key pair quartile median quartile system 306390 306720 311250 ed25519 625320 627480 630540 pass769 763890 766230 769350 pass863 1095150 1096350 1098360 ed448goldilocks 9522750 9693120 9822810 ntrumls401x 11344320 11463450 11583390 ntrumls439x 20268360 20524650 20951340 ntrumls593x 31306260 31595490 31950600 ntrumls743x 261343470 269506500 283532550 mqqsig160 397203300 406433460 420520710 mqqsig192 800858340 817327500 840509370 mqqsig256 1292999340 1315683960 1346887200 mqqsig224 Cycles to sign 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 5340 5370 5370 mqqsig160 5670 5670 5700 mqqsig192 5910 5940 5940 mqqsig256 6990 7020 7050 mqqsig224 323130 323610 327720 ed25519 947340? 979350? 1912050? pass863 1136730 1138050 1140270 ed448goldilocks 780210? 1551630? 1595070? pass769 Cycles to verify 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 32070 33420 37470 mqqsig160 33360 34560 35310 mqqsig192 60180 65400 67860 mqqsig224 79440 80430 95460 mqqsig256 924630 932280 943560 ed25519 1064520 1065690 1068180 pass769 1251960 1258260 1262580 pass863 4015260 4021440 4026720 ed448goldilocks Secret key bytes system 64 ed25519 144 ed448goldilocks 193 pass769 216 pass863 401 mqqsig160 465 mqqsig192 529 mqqsig224 593 mqqsig256 1158 ntrumls401x 1305 ntrumls439x 1742 ntrumls593x 2267 ntrumls743x Public key bytes system 32 ed25519 56 ed448goldilocks 972 ntrumls401x 1112 ntrumls439x 1478 ntrumls593x 1544 pass769 1776 pass863 1927 ntrumls743x 206112 mqqsig160 333540 mqqsig192 529242 mqqsig224 789552 mqqsig256 Signing 0 bytes bytes system fail ntrumls401x fail ntrumls439x fail ntrumls593x fail ntrumls743x 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 64 ed25519 112 ed448goldilocks 1602 pass769 1790 pass863 Signing 23 bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 64 ed25519 112 ed448goldilocks 1602 pass769 1790 pass863 Signing many bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 64 ed25519 112 ed448goldilocks 1602 pass769 1790 pass863

amd64; Zen (800f11); 2017 AMD Ryzen 7 1700; 8 x 2994MHz; ryzen, supercop-20170904

Cycles to generate a key pair quartile median quartile system 45660 45720 45840 ed25519 208470 208560 209010 ed448goldilocks 300030 300840 301770 pass769 360480 361260 362700 pass863 4003230 4047090 4105380 ntrumls401x 5036670 5044350 5050800 sphincs256 5084730 5140050 5194500 ntrumls439x 8346270 8449350 8541420 ntrumls593x 12621330 12732420 12858810 ntrumls743x 18676050? 22547730? 29378910? rwb0fuz1024 74175390 74330460 74536590 pflash1 196403460 196652790 196853220 sflashv2 Cycles to sign 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 48960 48990 49050 ed25519 66000 66090 66210 sflashv2 219240 219360 219480 ed448goldilocks 563730? 578670? 1052400? ntrumls439x 343530? 673950? 698010? pass769 407520? 809400? 1233090? pass863 456120? 844560? 1235610? ntrumls401x 859680 871380 877530 rwb0fuz1024 439380? 1011780? 1730640? pflash1 1107630? 1150830? 2093910? ntrumls743x 843210? 1583610? 2338710? ntrumls593x 83460270 83488380 83552940 sphincs256 Cycles to verify 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 7260 7350 7410 rwb0fuz1024 100440 100800 101130 sflashv2 153660 158760 170490 pflash1 169410 170970 172020 ed25519 202890 203370 206760 ntrumls401x 232710 233280 237330 ntrumls439x 378570 379140 384300 ntrumls593x 476190 483300 485760 pass769 491370 492420 497880 ntrumls743x 560970 562290 563880 pass863 586590 587040 588630 ed448goldilocks 2485200 2517120 2530980 sphincs256 Secret key bytes system 64 ed25519 144 ed448goldilocks 193 pass769 216 pass863 265 rwb0fuz1024 1088 sphincs256 1158 ntrumls401x 1305 ntrumls439x 1742 ntrumls593x 2267 ntrumls743x 2823 sflashv2 5550 pflash1 Public key bytes system 32 ed25519 56 ed448goldilocks 128 rwb0fuz1024 972 ntrumls401x 1056 sphincs256 1112 ntrumls439x 1478 ntrumls593x 1544 pass769 1776 pass863 1927 ntrumls743x 19266 sflashv2 72124 pflash1 Signing 0 bytes bytes system fail ntrumls401x fail ntrumls439x fail ntrumls593x fail ntrumls743x 37 pflash1 37 sflashv2 64 ed25519 65 rwb0fuz1024 112 ed448goldilocks 1602 pass769 1790 pass863 41000 sphincs256 Signing 23 bytes bytes system 37 pflash1 37 sflashv2 64 ed25519 65 rwb0fuz1024 112 ed448goldilocks 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1335 ntrumls593x 1602 pass769 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 41000 sphincs256 Signing many bytes bytes system 37 pflash1 37 sflashv2 64 ed25519 65 rwb0fuz1024 112 ed448goldilocks 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1335 ntrumls593x 1602 pass769 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 41000 sphincs256

amd64; Zen (800f11); 2017 AMD Ryzen 5 1600; 6 x 3200MHz; rumba5, supercop-20180818

Cycles to generate a key pair quartile median quartile system 5088? 5696? 6912? picnicl1fs 6144? 6880? 8928? picnicl1ur 34624 34752 34848 lattisigns512 47424 47488 47584 ed25519 51648 51776 52736 picnicl3ur 53696? 58176? 67808? picnicl3fs 99264 99584 101056 picnicl5fs 99584 100128 101344 picnicl5ur 105472 107264 111360 ecdonaldp256 108384 109632 110656 donald512 168704 169600 173280 ecdonaldp224 182208 182560 183584 dilithium2 208160 208480 208768 ed448goldilocks 272928 274336 275392 donald1024 276288 276960 278080 dilithium3 280800 281536 282624 pass769 339872 340864 342432 pass863 369888 370528 371584 dilithium4 615584 621856 628704 ecdonaldp160 629504 632160 637856 ecdonaldk163 656288 659648 662464 ecdonaldb163 722976 730848 739328 ecdonaldp192 803008 806432 811712 mqdss48 807648 809952 813408 ecdonaldp521 819904 825504 830336 ecdonaldk233 851232 853760 857312 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 849920 855552 861280 ecdonaldb233 884992 886784 891520 donald2048 893376 900928 906048 sphincsf128haraka 1438944 1445216 1502272 sphincsf192haraka 1453280 1459744 1465408 ecdonaldk283 1548512 1555552 1562432 ecdonaldb283 1222112? 1626848? 2029920? qtesla1 1776320 1784928 1793664 mqdss64 2253760 2268928 2287200 ecdonaldp384 2407328 2418336 2433280 ecdonaldk409 2592160 2600768 2610976 ecdonaldb409 2743680 2751424 2760704 edons128ref 2896416 2907552 2914368 sphincsf256haraka 2063840? 2944512? 3819776? qtesla128 3446720 3449696 3466624 sphincsf128sha256 2389824? 3485760? 4598240? qtesla3f 3919456 3958368 4008992 ntrumls401x 4150432 4157760 4166784 sphincs256 4620128 4666944 4718976 ntrumls439x 5423232 5437504 5460224 ecdonaldk571 4218016? 5580896? 8309152? qtesla3s 5881248? 5900768? 8560448? qtesla192 5897664 5921376 6115584 ecdonaldb571 6322144 6331712 6355328 sphincsf192sha256 5622304? 6387072? 7931072? qtesla1p 7321760 7341856 7392864 3icp 8198976 8297760 8377216 ntrumls593x 8977856 8982432 8991616 luov863256 7005888? 10185536? 13420288? qtesla256 10795840 10855104 10872160 rainbowbinary256181212 7367744? 12474176? 17467808? ronald512 12549632 12566176 12579680 sphincsf128shake256 12564576 12717536 12827872 ntrumls743x 13300768 13320128 13338784 luov863256pc 18243072 18260640 18317152 tts6440 18655392 18669760 18686144 sphincsf192shake256 22583296 22635392 22760992 luov4849242 23590752 23621920 23691520 sphincsf256sha256 20514912? 25205024? 31548160? rwb0fuz1024 16950560? 28088544? 41349728? ronald768 28287296 28418464 28530720 sphincss128haraka 30084960 30099488 30132032 rainbowbinary16242020 25563392? 31929184? 36236480? qtesla3p 40226592 40247232 40472128 luov890351 42079552 42696320 42738848 rainbow5640 24336992? 42953248? 62533536? ronald1024 45817088 45899040 46063456 sphincss256haraka 46580000 46807104 48533120 sphincss192haraka 48873088 48903264 48941440 sphincsf256shake256 50873984 51124096 51334496 pflash1 63936544 63952064 64320096 luov890351pc 72276704 72553088 72694848 luov8117404 72847552 72952032 73089248 luov6468330 94193376 99840800 101553056 rainbow6440 108689728 108764864 109426048 luov8117404pc 79953504? 113521600? 159362272? ronald1536 114156128 114640448 115012224 sphincss128sha256 134612608 134814336 135061664 luov8086399 154788256 156456576 158466016 rainbow1b 162175360 162411296 162570592 sflashv2 207326176 207665024 208530912 sphincss192sha256 113126208? 233371456? 350845728? ronald2048 290469664 290538400 290616576 rainbow1c 289281312 296968032 312656576 mqqsig160 368989600 369180832 369454272 sphincss256sha256 400748800 401069440 401206752 sphincss128shake256 407029280 411305600 418038816 gui184 451304640 462160512 478687488 mqqsig224 596744128 597211552 597628992 sphincss192shake256 422967488? 724113376? 1101012544? ronald3072 772076384 772423328 772683072 sphincss256shake256 942669760 943260800 945112480 rainbow1a 967293632 983286496 1002356448 mqqsig192 1002519168 1003489376 1004698656 rainbow3b 730410272? 1282600928? 2336444896? ronald4096 2367151520 2367597216 2370507584 rainbow3c 3069730720 3111544704 3148754752 mqqsig256 3233562912 3245928992 3260281216 gui312 3818937568 3929101440 4030531712 pqrsa15 4609615552 4618435168 4623134240 rainbow6b 7294061440 7303424320 7323738016 rainbow5c 8590152064 8591210816 8593395616 rainbow4a 8730586848 8737673728 8740436288 rainbow6a 23381329344 23649368288 24224712032 gui448 Cycles to sign 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 1664 1664 1696 mqqsig160 2304 2336 2400 mqqsig224 2400 2432 2432 mqqsig256 2912 2912 2944 mqqsig192 14368? 14528? 20576? rainbowbinary256181212 19424 19520 19744 tts6440 20448 20736 20992 rainbowbinary16242020 36512? 36640? 53856? rainbow5640 50816 50880 51168 ed25519 62240 63904 65696 rainbow6440 66592 67136 69312 rainbow1a 82656 82976 84256 sflashv2 121824 121888 121984 rainbow1c 166752 169792 172480 donald512 216224 216480 216672 ed448goldilocks 270720 274944 279200 ecdonaldp256 319328 322912 327904 ecdonaldp224 334528 336960 340960 donald1024 359264 359552 359776 rainbow1b 188480? 364768? 804224? lattisigns512 365440 365760 366080 rainbow3c 396320 401280 407808 ronald512 135712? 406848? 670752? 3icp 461536? 466816? 847488? ntrumls439x 546528 547232 553408 luov863256pc 622080 623680 626112 rainbow6a 325120? 646048? 991136? pass769 683328 691776 699136 ronald768 244864? 704384? 1111904? qtesla1 723712 731008 737824 ecdonaldp160 739936 744768 748864 ecdonaldk163 416704? 755552? 1106976? ntrumls401x 386016? 767776? 1169984? pass863 688704? 768992? 887840? rainbow5c 765216 769280 773248 ecdonaldb163 564608? 771552? 980032? dilithium4 842880 852320 857152 ecdonaldp192 852320 854880 856480 rainbow4a 898560 907872 917952 ronald1024 905120 910656 1010080 rwb0fuz1024 580896? 910784? 1425984? qtesla3f 430784? 923456? 1845728? pflash1 962816 966176 974080 donald2048 981568 986496 993184 ecdonaldk233 1009632 1016224 1023456 ecdonaldb233 710112? 1121312? 2886912? dilithium3 628128? 1121472? 1312704? dilithium2 1185056 1185920 1188704 rainbow3b 911104? 1287136? 1760192? qtesla1p 1324832 1330240 1346592 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 739616? 1349344? 1977600? ntrumls593x 1426080 1432512 1439488 ecdonaldp521 755232? 1552864? 2815104? qtesla3s 1604192 1605952 1607392 luov890351pc 1664288 1670048 1674560 ecdonaldk283 1701120? 1702656? 3251488? qtesla128 1764928 1770400 1781568 ecdonaldb283 1009088? 1860960? 1870112? ntrumls743x 2105184? 2113856? 11350112? qtesla256 2392704 2396736 2401024 luov8117404pc 2411872 2423104 2437376 ronald1536 2556416 2567840 2590880 ecdonaldp384 2786496 2800384 2817888 ecdonaldk409 2874784 2876000 2885984 rainbow6b 2989024 3004960 3020032 ecdonaldb409 3357568 3365056 3387520 edons128ref 3793280 3808768 3837952 ronald2048 2880192? 4430944? 7880192? qtesla3p 6110368 6120768 6142688 ecdonaldk571 6395680 6410880 6457120 mqdss48 6582304 6591776 6608288 ecdonaldb571 6931072 6934816 6939136 luov863256 10244544 10270624 10311520 ronald3072 10906368 10915776 10964256 picnicl1fs 11708768? 13803008? 19070304? qtesla192 15640000 15647648 16267680 picnicl1ur 10552960? 15929120? 29171168? gui184 16159744 16203136 16312000 mqdss64 21650816 21685024 21724704 ronald4096 23272256 23282816 23297344 luov890351 31928672 32055616 32181696 sphincsf128haraka 33340928? 34375904? 42818432? picnicl3fs 40241824 40267456 40301408 luov8117404 42469856 42596288 42767264 sphincsf192haraka 45380800 45717280 47427552 luov4849242 51816256 51837504 52058752 picnicl3ur 72825344 72906016 73098336 picnicl5fs 75749184 75869984 76227776 sphincsf256haraka 76837088 76955392 76994272 sphincs256 91891136 92004128 92240672 picnicl5ur 109225344 109403488 109558944 sphincsf128sha256 144845472 144891232 144952192 pqrsa15 145018560 145276576 145543904 luov6468330 171839616 172256256 172680928 sphincsf192sha256 286331776 286459424 286582688 luov8086399 384646752 385204096 385654944 sphincsf128shake256 504435616 504878880 505358496 sphincsf192shake256 536722400 537498208 538040576 sphincsf256sha256 532258624 538398240 540900480 sphincss128haraka 663865472 665741888 671104352 sphincss256haraka 359882912? 717193248? 1255129504? gui312 1098701440 1099637344 1099997056 sphincsf256shake256 1383485408 1390286976 1415183296 sphincss192haraka 1703444672 1707545984 1733097792 sphincss128sha256 4366488288 4386640352 4393545024 sphincss256sha256 4450052416 4454915136 4459056512 sphincss192sha256 5995432384 5998902112 6000711616 sphincss128shake256 4202143232? 7359904800? 15756594720? gui448 9018066080 9020818560 9022657376 sphincss256shake256 12401042784 12408135072 12416367328 sphincss192shake256 Cycles to verify 59 bytes quartile median quartile system 8224 8320 8416 rwb0fuz1024 10112 10272 10368 rainbowbinary256181212 10720 11008 11072 rainbowbinary16242020 16832 16864 16928 3icp 20416 20672 21024 rainbow5640 24960 25824 26656 ronald512 26336 26400 26464 tts6440 26432 26752 27392 rainbow6440 29344 29600 30464 ronald768 28640 32480 33088 mqqsig160 33600 33728 33952 ronald1024 35712 38912 39808 mqqsig192 42336 42464 42752 ronald1536 47232 47392 47616 lattisigns512 45760 47584 49344 mqqsig224 43136 48224 53248 rainbow1a 54144 56480 56704 ronald2048 56000 57952 60896 mqqsig256 59520? 71296? 80832? rainbow1c 89408 89664 90112 sflashv2 91328 91488 91904 ronald3072 101120 101568 103584 qtesla1 124288 125120 128544 luov863256pc 141280 142048 142848 ronald4096 148928 149792 150784 donald512 165376 165632 165952 ntrumls401x 172672 173952 176128 ed25519 181280 181408 181600 dilithium2 174592 185280 196032 pflash1 186688 187040 187488 ntrumls439x 221472 225888 230208 gui184 232992 233248 233728 qtesla3f 234944 235488 235776 qtesla3s 263936 264224 264640 dilithium3 286848 289376 291872 luov890351pc 298304 298688 299104 ntrumls593x 328384 336416 336928 donald1024 343648 353696 372992 rainbow3c 355136 357248 361728 ecdonaldp256 375360 375616 375936 dilithium4 377056 377248 377408 rainbow1b 399968 400416 401376 ntrumls743x 400672 402976 409248 luov8117404pc 427264 433632 435456 pass769 484512 489152 500000 ecdonaldp224 485536 489824 497568 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 491968 498368 508672 rainbow4a 507680 508352 509312 pass863 518368 518880 519584 qtesla128 543424 546144 547168 qtesla1p 671936 673792 677152 ed448goldilocks 720128 730912 736544 sphincss128haraka 716256 733312 759776 rainbow5c 738496 745408 832320 gui312 749888 752448 756768 ecdonaldp160 825120 864032 886304 rainbow6a 882080 894848 901408 ecdonaldp192 959648 964640 973088 edons128ref 1012960 1019136 1048384 donald2048 1075520 1077152 1078368 qtesla192 1177536 1195456 1218304 sphincss192haraka 1268928 1272672 1279264 ecdonaldk163 1277760 1279264 1280960 qtesla256 1301632 1302368 1304096 rainbow3b 1308224 1327936 1338144 ecdonaldb163 1390752 1398432 1406432 sphincss256haraka 1672992 1679488 1685920 sphincsf128haraka 1675744 1683072 1690144 ecdonaldk233 1737248 1745248 1757120 ecdonaldb233 1886080 1892096 1900832 sphincs256 2004960 2009312 2049024 sphincss128sha256 2087008 2100608 2114336 gui448 2100480 2104128 2110656 ecdonaldp521 2479488 2494528 2527712 sphincsf256haraka 2719040 2727648 2737152 qtesla3p 2740416 2750592 2771008 ecdonaldp384 2813088 2830944 2867840 sphincsf192haraka 2947712 2957088 2965344 ecdonaldk283 3137568 3151616 3158848 ecdonaldb283 3369664 3372960 3378560 rainbow6b 3699712 3712704 3788384 sphincss192sha256 4174624 4286528 4297472 mqdss48 4672032 4765536 4864896 sphincsf128sha256 4931136 4960192 4997184 ecdonaldk409 5291456 5319808 5343200 ecdonaldb409 5825248 5831552 5836672 luov863256 6464768 6480544 6659968 sphincss256sha256 7560192 7567168 7653568 picnicl1fs 7676576 7736064 7818144 sphincss128shake256 9135648 9190720 9380832 sphincsf192sha256 10871552 10990176 11202944 sphincss192shake256 11067808 11093920 11130400 ecdonaldk571 10852160 11102432 11148832 mqdss64 11243232 11249408 11426880 picnicl1ur 11943712 11987008 12058272 ecdonaldb571 13193184 13723776 13808928 sphincsf256sha256 14732224 14959872 15018656 sphincss256shake256 18440960 18814080 18847712 sphincsf128shake256 20589408 20597792 20609952 luov890351 21567040 21590912 21760800 pqrsa15 22946272 23692576 28242496 picnicl3fs 29078112 29120800 29253408 sphincsf192shake256 30502848 30614304 30809888 sphincsf256shake256 31873824 31891520 33257856 luov4849242 35415392 35427808 35439424 luov8117404 36257280 36281408 36395680 picnicl3ur 49655840 49704512 49817376 picnicl5fs 64265888 64538528 64623008 picnicl5ur 85458912 85505888 85583360 luov6468330 163021376 163103328 163506656 luov8086399 Secret key bytes system 32 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 32 edons128ref 32 luov4849242 32 luov6468330 32 luov8086399 32 luov8117404 32 luov863256 32 luov890351 32 mqdss48 48 mqdss64 49 picnicl1fs 49 picnicl1ur 60 ecdonaldp160 63 ecdonaldb163 63 ecdonaldk163 64 ed25519 64 sphincsf128haraka 64 sphincsf128sha256 64 sphincsf128shake256 64 sphincss128haraka 64 sphincss128sha256 64 sphincss128shake256 72 ecdonaldp192 73 picnicl3fs 73 picnicl3ur 84 donald512 84 ecdonaldp224 90 ecdonaldb233 90 ecdonaldk233 96 ecdonaldp256 96 sphincsf192haraka 96 sphincsf192sha256 96 sphincsf192shake256 96 sphincss192haraka 96 sphincss192sha256 96 sphincss192shake256 97 picnicl5fs 97 picnicl5ur 108 ecdonaldb283 108 ecdonaldk283 128 sphincsf256haraka 128 sphincsf256sha256 128 sphincsf256shake256 128 sphincss256haraka 128 sphincss256sha256 128 sphincss256shake256 144 ecdonaldp384 144 ed448goldilocks 148 donald1024 156 ecdonaldb409 156 ecdonaldk409 193 pass769 198 ecdonaldp521 216 ecdonaldb571 216 ecdonaldk571 216 pass863 256 lattisigns512 265 rwb0fuz1024 276 donald2048 401 mqqsig160 465 mqqsig192 512 ronald512 529 mqqsig224 593 mqqsig256 768 ronald768 1024 ronald1024 1088 sphincs256 1158 ntrumls401x 1305 ntrumls439x 1536 ronald1536 1742 ntrumls593x 2048 ronald2048 2112 qtesla1 2112 qtesla128 2267 ntrumls743x 2800 dilithium2 2823 sflashv2 3072 ronald3072 3504 dilithium3 3856 dilithium4 4096 ronald4096 4160 qtesla3f 4160 qtesla3s 5184 qtesla1p 5550 pflash1 8256 qtesla192 8256 qtesla256 12352 qtesla3p 12768 3icp 14985 gui184 16608 tts6440 23408 rainbowbinary256181212 41755 gui312 86240 rainbow5640 94384 rainbowbinary16242020 94757 gui448 98304 pqrsa15 100209 rainbow1a 114308 rainbow1b 143385 rainbow1c 150512 rainbow6440 376141 rainbow4a 396840 luov863256pc 409463 rainbow3b 537781 rainbow3c 892079 rainbow6a 1016868 rainbow6b 1274317 rainbow5c 1506592 luov890351pc 2080112 luov8117404pc Public key bytes system 32 ed25519 32 sphincsf128haraka 32 sphincsf128sha256 32 sphincsf128shake256 32 sphincss128haraka 32 sphincss128sha256 32 sphincss128shake256 33 picnicl1fs 33 picnicl1ur 40 ecdonaldp160 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 48 ecdonaldp192 48 sphincsf192haraka 48 sphincsf192sha256 48 sphincsf192shake256 48 sphincss192haraka 48 sphincss192sha256 48 sphincss192shake256 49 picnicl3fs 49 picnicl3ur 56 ecdonaldp224 56 ed448goldilocks 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 62 mqdss48 64 donald512 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ronald512 64 sphincsf256haraka 64 sphincsf256sha256 64 sphincsf256shake256 64 sphincss256haraka 64 sphincss256sha256 64 sphincss256shake256 65 picnicl5fs 65 picnicl5ur 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 88 mqdss64 96 ecdonaldp384 96 ronald768 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 128 donald1024 128 ronald1024 128 rwb0fuz1024 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 192 ronald1536 256 donald2048 256 ronald2048 384 ronald3072 512 ronald4096 840 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 972 ntrumls401x 1056 sphincs256 1112 ntrumls439x 1184 dilithium2 1472 dilithium3 1478 ntrumls593x 1504 qtesla1 1536 lattisigns512 1544 pass769 1760 dilithium4 1776 pass863 1927 ntrumls743x 2576 edons128ref 2976 qtesla3s 3104 qtesla3f 4128 qtesla128 7536 luov4849242 8224 qtesla192 8224 qtesla256 14880 qtesla1p 15908 luov863256 19266 sflashv2 19973 luov6468330 30240 rainbowbinary256181212 32768 pqrsa15 35712 3icp 39712 qtesla3p 40248 luov8086399 44160 rainbow5640 46101 luov890351 57600 rainbow6440 57600 tts6440 72124 pflash1 100989 luov8117404 102912 rainbowbinary16242020 152097 rainbow1a 163185 rainbow1b 192241 rainbow1c 206112 mqqsig160 333540 mqqsig192 410880 luov863256pc 422122 gui184 529242 mqqsig224 564535 rainbow3b 565489 rainbow4a 720793 rainbow3c 789552 mqqsig256 1351361 rainbow6a 1456225 rainbow6b 1566448 luov890351pc 1723681 rainbow5c 1990045 gui312 2184048 luov8117404pc 5903405 gui448 Signing 0 bytes bytes system fail ntrumls401x fail ntrumls439x fail ntrumls593x fail ntrumls743x 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 pflash1 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 40 ecdonaldp160 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 tts6440 45 gui184 48 ecdonaldp192 56 ecdonaldp224 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 63 gui312 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 64 rainbow1a 64 ronald512 65 rwb0fuz1024 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 78 rainbow1b 83 gui448 92 rainbow4a 96 ecdonaldp384 96 ronald768 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 104 rainbow1c 112 ed448goldilocks 112 rainbow3b 118 rainbow6a 128 ronald1024 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 147 rainbow6b 156 rainbow3c 192 ronald1536 204 rainbow5c 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 256 ronald2048 304 edons128ref 319 luov863256 319 luov863256pc 384 ronald3072 441 luov890351 441 luov890351pc 512 ronald4096 521 luov8117404 521 luov8117404pc 1184 lattisigns512 1376 qtesla1 1602 pass769 1746 luov4849242 1790 pass863 2044 dilithium2 2701 dilithium3 2720 qtesla3s 2848 qtesla1p 2848 qtesla3f 3104 qtesla128 3184 luov6468330 3366 dilithium4 4850 luov8086399 6176 qtesla192 6176 qtesla256 6176 qtesla3p 8080 sphincss128haraka 8080 sphincss128sha256 8080 sphincss128shake256 16976 sphincsf128haraka 16976 sphincsf128sha256 16976 sphincsf128shake256 17064 sphincss192haraka 17064 sphincss192sha256 17064 sphincss192shake256 29792 sphincss256haraka 29792 sphincss256sha256 29792 sphincss256shake256 32788 picnicl1fs 32800 pqrsa15 32882 mqdss48 35664 sphincsf192haraka 35664 sphincsf192sha256 35664 sphincsf192shake256 41000 sphincs256 49216 sphincsf256haraka 49216 sphincsf256sha256 49216 sphincsf256shake256 53933 picnicl1ur 67800 mqdss64 73840 picnicl3fs 121817 picnicl3ur 128348 picnicl5fs 209478 picnicl5ur Signing 23 bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 pflash1 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 40 ecdonaldp160 41 ronald512 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 tts6440 45 gui184 48 ecdonaldp192 56 ecdonaldp224 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 63 gui312 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 64 rainbow1a 65 rwb0fuz1024 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 73 ronald768 78 rainbow1b 83 gui448 92 rainbow4a 96 ecdonaldp384 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 104 rainbow1c 105 ronald1024 112 ed448goldilocks 112 rainbow3b 118 rainbow6a 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 147 rainbow6b 156 rainbow3c 169 ronald1536 204 rainbow5c 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 233 ronald2048 304 edons128ref 319 luov863256 319 luov863256pc 361 ronald3072 441 luov890351 441 luov890351pc 489 ronald4096 521 luov8117404 521 luov8117404pc 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1184 lattisigns512 1335 ntrumls593x 1376 qtesla1 1602 pass769 1746 luov4849242 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 2044 dilithium2 2701 dilithium3 2720 qtesla3s 2848 qtesla1p 2848 qtesla3f 3104 qtesla128 3184 luov6468330 3366 dilithium4 4850 luov8086399 6176 qtesla192 6176 qtesla256 6176 qtesla3p 8080 sphincss128haraka 8080 sphincss128sha256 8080 sphincss128shake256 16976 sphincsf128haraka 16976 sphincsf128sha256 16976 sphincsf128shake256 17064 sphincss192haraka 17064 sphincss192sha256 17064 sphincss192shake256 29792 sphincss256haraka 29792 sphincss256sha256 29792 sphincss256shake256 32740 picnicl1fs 32800 pqrsa15 32882 mqdss48 35664 sphincsf192haraka 35664 sphincsf192sha256 35664 sphincsf192shake256 41000 sphincs256 49216 sphincsf256haraka 49216 sphincsf256sha256 49216 sphincsf256shake256 53933 picnicl1ur 67800 mqdss64 74176 picnicl3fs 121817 picnicl3ur 127804 picnicl5fs 209478 picnicl5ur Signing many bytes bytes system 20 mqqsig160 24 mqqsig192 28 mqqsig224 32 mqqsig256 32 rainbowbinary16242020 36 3icp 37 pflash1 37 rainbow5640 37 sflashv2 40 donald1024 40 donald2048 40 donald512 40 ecdonaldp160 42 ecdonaldb163 42 ecdonaldk163 42 rainbowbinary256181212 43 rainbow6440 43 ronald1024 43 ronald1536 43 ronald2048 43 ronald3072 43 ronald4096 43 ronald512 43 ronald768 43 tts6440 45 gui184 48 ecdonaldp192 56 ecdonaldp224 60 ecdonaldb233 60 ecdonaldk233 63 gui312 64 ecdonaldp256 64 ed25519 64 rainbow1a 65 rwb0fuz1024 72 ecdonaldb283 72 ecdonaldk283 78 rainbow1b 83 gui448 92 rainbow4a 96 ecdonaldp384 104 ecdonaldb409 104 ecdonaldk409 104 rainbow1c 112 ed448goldilocks 112 rainbow3b 118 rainbow6a 132 ecdonaldp521 144 ecdonaldb571 144 ecdonaldk571 147 rainbow6b 156 rainbow3c 204 rainbow5c 232 edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 304 edons128ref 319 luov863256 319 luov863256pc 441 luov890351 441 luov890351pc 521 luov8117404 521 luov8117404pc 853 ntrumls401x 988 ntrumls439x 1184 lattisigns512 1335 ntrumls593x 1376 qtesla1 1602 pass769 1746 luov4849242 1765 ntrumls743x 1790 pass863 2044 dilithium2 2701 dilithium3 2720 qtesla3s 2848 qtesla1p 2848 qtesla3f 3104 qtesla128 3184 luov6468330 3366 dilithium4 4850 luov8086399 6176 qtesla192 6176 qtesla256 6176 qtesla3p 8080 sphincss128haraka 8080 sphincss128sha256 8080 sphincss128shake256 16976 sphincsf128haraka 16976 sphincsf128sha256 16976 sphincsf128shake256 17064 sphincss192haraka 17064 sphincss192sha256 17064 sphincss192shake256 29792 sphincss256haraka 29792 sphincss256sha256 29792 sphincss256shake256 32800 pqrsa15 32852 picnicl1fs 32882 mqdss48 35664 sphincsf192haraka 35664 sphincsf192sha256 35664 sphincsf192shake256 41000 sphincs256 49216 sphincsf256haraka 49216 sphincsf256sha256 49216 sphincsf256shake256 53933 picnicl1ur 67800 mqdss64 74320 picnicl3fs 121817 picnicl3ur 127996 picnicl5fs 209478 picnicl5ur