VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Bobcat (500f20); 2011 AMD E-450; 2 x 1650MHz; h4e450, supercop-20260330

[Page version: 20260805 22:02:02]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214), the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214), the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: old (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, picnic3l1, picnic3l3, picnic3l5, picnicl1fs, picnicl1full, picnicl1ur, picnicl3fs, picnicl3full, picnicl3ur, picnicl5fs, picnicl5full, picnicl5ur, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
282222834428515
T:
picnic2l1fs
579705804758523
T:
picnic2l3fs
826428281383635
T:
picnic2l5fs
9699199580101938crossrsdpg128small
97750101416101996crossrsdpg128fast
98102101434101999crossrsdpg128balanced
119567119725120693ed25519
177112185992186280crossrsdp128fast
185829186036186384crossrsdp128balanced
185998186157186522crossrsdp128small
201672206714211802crossrsdpg192balanced
204664208061211125crossrsdpg192fast
210975211191211984aimer128f
211061211381212059aimer128s
208833211982213414crossrsdpg192small
345893346381348934crossrsdpg256balanced
337891347187355662crossrsdpg256small
337892349330356316crossrsdpg256fast
409069424004425562crossrsdp192fast
396803424350425395crossrsdp192balanced
416875424764425760crossrsdp192small
504165504818507560aimer192s
506955508736510783aimer192f
554596557905571975
T:
ed448goldilocks
621345622011624731T!!!dilithium2
626397630370636379nccsign1
693701697173759559crossrsdp256small
751420762425763636crossrsdp256balanced
790299795745800409nccsign3
806925807600810819crossrsdp256fast
840727844172850509
T:
pass769
102514610293291033524
T:
pass863
103847710486151062352nccsign1aes
116959811735161183651T!!!dilithium3
121008512121401214243aimer256s
121479512162461217830aimer256f
124660212516971257190nccsign5
140938614198271433752nccsign3aes
157716215813501588429T!!!dilithium2aes
175851617610611763046T!!!dilithium5
208305520958532109826nccsign5aes
213345821355812138565
T:
mqdss48
928628?2503212?5476174?haetae2
257415026094582639109
T:
donald2048
269119127002002709653T!!!dilithium3aes
394668539504943954950mqom2cat1gf256fastr3
394645939613383971797mqom2cat1gf256fastr5
3077220?4210650?6201152?
T:
qtesla1
456495845745794584470T!!!dilithium5aes
2661881?4682933?8072884?haetae5
3069530?5016883?9593666?haetae3
505257350566005061815
T:
mqdss64
511934151267525131640mqom2cat1gf256shortr5
512599451295745135483mqom2cat1gf256shortr3
662888066313206636213mqom2cat1gf16shortr3
662378966331616644135mqom2cat1gf16shortr5
686412568713016881106mqom2cat1gf16fastr5
687182368757926880971mqom2cat1gf16fastr3
5670574?7641434?11133812?
T:
qtesla3f
104241171047262810921148
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
127741071278827312803342mqom2cat1gf2shortr5
127818701279717612818739mqom2cat1gf2shortr3
9707989?13419419?21367507?
T:
qtesla3s
153253041532817115946265
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
161507691616961716265902
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
163250721632767616333836mqom2cat1gf2fastr3
163893461639358316401709mqom2cat1gf2fastr5
15213189?18868819?22702911?
T:
qtesla1p
207768072077981120784301
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
207461792079733120887082mqom2cat3gf256shortr3
207928432080551420824675
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
207944882081287920830036mqom2cat3gf256shortr5
235610402371206023743165
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
255624902557296725590691mqom2cat3gf16shortr5
255641662558149025622052mqom2cat3gf16shortr3
257210582584006225929111mqom2cat3gf256fastr3
258052472587949425931564mqom2cat3gf256fastr5
293375752939805229439019
T:
luov4849242
303486763035513030360154
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
304170473042515430436337
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
305203153061916630623780
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
322380073224703532260243mqom2cat3gf16fastr3
332434343327626333296713mqom2cat3gf16fastr5
351144593514629935199843
T:
3icp
355213263553114335561568
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
382665683834094638414033
T:
luov863256
398200393982890539840738mqom2cat5gf256shortr3
398634763987096540058438
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
451797934521647245367756
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
41175462?45278134?53258578?
T:
falcon512tree
467007964671413346737470mqom2cat5gf256fastr3
470783304709348147133598mqom2cat5gf256fastr5
43759084?48907255?57318559?
T:
falcon512dyn
508094135102924651202747
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
524805535248584352493202
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
542959595431985454344969mqom2cat5gf256shortr5
591377375914770959164918mqom2cat5gf16shortr3
591420895916865659214944mqom2cat5gf16shortr5
642409216444870664471297
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
689516006900191269035749mqom2cat3gf2shortr3
57906448?70209039?82496986?
T:
qtesla3p
729443547296422572983835mqom2cat5gf16fastr5
729831997305043973255128mqom2cat5gf16fastr3
812034328121341081225441
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
877842528782583888018932mqom2cat3gf2shortr5
875936178818799488255918
T:
tts6440
908698319112360692990283mqom2cat3gf2fastr5
909584019121497291617379mqom2cat3gf2fastr3
110868689110892880111064007
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
119386779119396509119408368
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
123215982123618223124211939
T:
luov6468330
120901132?128982493?151724374?
T:
falcon1024tree
125916529?133010012?161241527?
T:
falcon1024dyn
137182923137329703137466804
T:
pflash1
140545680140559871140571546
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
141855216141917437141980238mqom2cat5gf2fastr5
156198394156307436156889703mqom2cat5gf2shortr5
155917855156470873159472623mqom2cat5gf2shortr3
165207558165297683165546284mqom2cat5gf2fastr3
179079341179493696179865450
T:
luov890351
220747432221287509222584448
T:
luov8086399
246243699246919589247186669
T:
rainbow5640
292085777293104570293866184
T:
luov8117404
301129713301970270302720812
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
335404196336966057337968052
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
483324675483339878483373052
T:
sphincss192sha256simple
520697918523912051523956899
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
519298540525370186527055496
T:
rainbow6440
643532373643585814646706658
T:
sphincss256sha256simple
655589033655858533655909251
T:
sphincss128sha256robust
657265036657284975657316688
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
761724048761795379761929647
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
975047983975095840975370942
T:
sphincss192sha256robust
974385376975326695975798481
T:
redgemss128v2
973774506977932151978469203
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
103463631110348929241035101990
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
113201962711320808181132168909
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
129686995612975666821298568918
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
178118054117818286381784158713
T:
sphincss256sha256robust
189619320619027368341902953815
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
257173175625758598842576459570
T:
bluegemss128v2
506445132450650412235065914636
T:
redgemss192v2
151811092741518320935615184829682
T:
redgemss256v2
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
654756584866261
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
859248622987466
T:
tts6440
127062127144127249ed25519
162624163606170779
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
223815?226764?292691?
T:
rainbow5640
380568383310447909
T:
rainbow6440
569419571340572636
T:
ed448goldilocks
137374013870881400950
T:
falcon512tree
800813?1635400?3396160?
T:
qtesla1
1687382?1815994?3130098?nccsign1
1054319?1928226?2681028?
T:
pass769
1322903?2094870?3793556?
T:
qtesla3f
1494781?2349838?3663959?T!!!dilithium2
1081145?2393567?4452346?
T:
3icp
242200224347732446012
T:
falcon512dyn
1311151?2484985?4002326?
T:
pass863
2109194?2536269?3559548?nccsign1aes
253315425530922574676
T:
donald2048
1043468?2635309?6221214?
T:
pflash1
1947248?2671157?5371310?nccsign3
278367527996452819495
T:
falcon1024tree
3313196?3688859?6639899?nccsign5
2706026?3882936?5750172?nccsign3aes
3007185?4401329?6917547?T!!!dilithium5
2552096?4512250?7968046?
T:
qtesla1p
3067269?4562878?6942821?T!!!dilithium3
2780386?4571859?8333571?T!!!dilithium2aes
494217549620724999070
T:
falcon1024dyn
571048257279195734316crossrsdpg128fast
4017014?5934523?9465294?T!!!dilithium3aes
596214260153016048435crossrsdp128fast
4702105?6371710?9173758?nccsign5aes
3476587?6434153?11638446?
T:
qtesla3s
4880845?9048659?20645451?haetae2
6426805?9091120?11769324?T!!!dilithium5aes
4872098?9523947?18354885?haetae3
990101699258299948688aimer128f
112169751125222211386912crossrsdp128balanced
114964701150929911514980crossrsdpg128balanced
128402361289119012906914crossrsdpg192fast
145871101470779914726066crossrsdp192fast
10837537?16053160?24770926?
T:
qtesla3p
171382091716636717184407crossrsdpg192balanced
6995282?17261564?30152701?haetae5
171729781743616817930026
T:
luov863256
225913322284099722886572crossrsdp128small
228725152290663622918629crossrsdpg128small
240726162410119524131755crossrsdpg256fast
251480842515656025169859aimer192f
250816152531215125376775crossrsdp192balanced
276820632770805527739539crossrsdp256fast
305340423057323130604914crossrsdpg256balanced
326623653272092632762371crossrsdpg192small
381885393843444538454172crossrsdp192small
476838904785464147882304crossrsdp256balanced
547895295483974254922539crossrsdpg256small
546476135487313554903012aimer256f
557854175637117358137247mqom2cat1gf16fastr5
596525366039377362661984mqom2cat1gf16fastr3
609497266268300864356658mqom2cat1gf256fastr5
653338776578710065922490
T:
luov890351
682293376940426371071585mqom2cat1gf256fastr3
749629237512759975996020
T:
luov4849242
767102177718456277373067crossrsdp256small
783926607845530978506840aimer128s
110889120111095595111656783
T:
luov8117404
127435099127652902127666263
T:
mqdss48
129868925130593216131862528mqom2cat1gf2fastr5
130268337131294382132891176mqom2cat1gf2fastr3
185063755185471358186150088mqom2cat1gf16shortr5
196521349196653168197093688aimer192s
203278188203660188204498169mqom2cat1gf16shortr3
216421639216908012217583081mqom2cat1gf256shortr5
221723961222084191222632358mqom2cat3gf16fastr5
233647214233753343233991022mqom2cat3gf16fastr3
247996227248067379248167583mqom2cat3gf256fastr5
249128706249490650250640858mqom2cat1gf256shortr3
263167495263627413264506248mqom2cat1gf2shortr3
299021207299302649299445063mqom2cat3gf256fastr3
302171088302509712303225870mqom2cat1gf2shortr5
329963484331276921334822093
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
335379056337082283340414986
T:
luov6468330
388475838388831549389136930mqom2cat3gf2fastr5
389730181389962316390321673mqom2cat3gf2fastr3
412942112413684364414308016aimer256s
419074335419359139419738047mqom2cat5gf16fastr5
430371868430604426430995954mqom2cat5gf16fastr3
432332960432655548437431484
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
432894651432953134433042706
T:
mqdss64
447356931447966470448108647mqom2cat5gf256fastr5
511637962513541091514288011
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
523413541523985175524778340mqom2cat5gf256fastr3
625582486626605940635282990
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
643046919643501837646732106
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
694392784694862421695532969
T:
luov8086399
734317830740776613751612434mqom2cat3gf16shortr5
750247298752623160753689074
T:
picnic2l1fs
766095113766878321767551636
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
690150167?790748289?945241547?
T:
redgemss128v2
821866454828708604839828292mqom2cat3gf16shortr3
840129940840640936841053672
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
887475824887868912888406151
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
894202723898861350906837854mqom2cat3gf256shortr5
921603375922122866922902046
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
967127108967690449970911157
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
981939246982142718982325586mqom2cat5gf2fastr3
101888485810248651271034855090mqom2cat3gf256shortr3
104091539110416056691043256193mqom2cat5gf2fastr5
114748906411537031651165644273mqom2cat3gf2shortr3
120770446312085940521209199683
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
126477901612649149191265105606mqom2cat5gf16shortr5
126597780512664941981267343737
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
132877205013339443611347498800mqom2cat3gf2shortr5
137881582713790684991379254011mqom2cat5gf16shortr3
146903356514710143111471940141
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
154138935615421865301543023769
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
163060606516316566791632514882mqom2cat5gf256shortr5
165844899216597265111660910214mqom2cat5gf256shortr3
211508025521226802622138825852
T:
picnic2l3fs
214334955621451315022146670312mqom2cat5gf2shortr5
215532619221562862212159815765mqom2cat5gf2shortr3
220277662122034728222204388872
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
259157689125932714102603356525
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
264393717026468409932648042324
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
2275866516?2776326018?3299444021?
T:
redgemss192v2
376304616137638201213764864446
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
446224236844633017034472165608
T:
picnic2l5fs
501078575650115316985018744587
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
5033866012?5965204158?7378303078?
T:
redgemss256v2
777750059877786514777783179955
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
835767603083618787508382771450
T:
sphincss256sha256simple
907925781290795513409079910720
T:
sphincss128sha256robust
118425876851194053366111950755117
T:
sphincss192sha256simple
122700275081227213960512275925756
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
123301004971234571795112348323925
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
136236447831362967368813636351418
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
11825097261?13806865443?16235733612?
T:
bluegemss128v2
162277961521623896185916242410006
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
195875793261958991116819603266968
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
200924953842009383527820098723448
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
216892357802169145919521694861319
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
218978386042189937787721920231683
T:
sphincss256sha256robust
221911130252219416961922198733034
T:
sphincss192sha256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
619686223563417
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
878528994091569
T:
3icp
103606103976104382
T:
rainbow5640
132801133226134075
T:
rainbow6440
131773134272137432
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
136168138076139297
T:
tts6440
206794209303210525
T:
falcon512tree
257202259631260759
T:
falcon512dyn
363906365072367171
T:
qtesla1
429257431051432775ed25519
430557432453433517
T:
falcon1024tree
439922456694468310
T:
bluegemss128v2
449734460873472277
T:
redgemss128v2
452875466546482468
T:
pflash1
476252476754478752haetae2
532641535416536876
T:
falcon1024dyn
702004703976706346
T:
qtesla3f
717502718450721332T!!!dilithium2
817230818590820028haetae3
826472828285830775
T:
qtesla3s
101589810184501022265nccsign1
103181410329341034383haetae5
122673112299391234476nccsign3
123569812370871239016T!!!dilithium3
134712513519481356670
T:
pass769
134736913568721366468nccsign1aes
151690815478891595010
T:
redgemss192v2
156932515738091579866T!!!dilithium2aes
162766416323861636193
T:
pass863
165486416594751666056
T:
qtesla1p
171343017239011737400nccsign3aes
175246817585241764191
T:
ed448goldilocks
190879219108751913519T!!!dilithium5
200703520113042015696nccsign5
255494525625712572834T!!!dilithium3aes
277270727850712795816nccsign5aes
299086930267783049691
T:
donald2048
336318233642833372730crossrsdpg128fast
341991834262473456969crossrsdp128fast
340144234620433516550
T:
redgemss256v2
449060545021604510224T!!!dilithium5aes
552117756754105802729
T:
sphincss128sha256simple
665850466724536677853crossrsdp128balanced
667935466873176700533crossrsdpg128balanced
758744976100017615472crossrsdpg192fast
805140880737518094562
T:
qtesla3p
837333883933528437776crossrsdp192fast
850526086457208778851
T:
sphincss192sha256simple
861720287457348959602
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
923629392523099268443aimer128f
981882098524349882920crossrsdpg192balanced
112488701147618811701095
T:
sphincss128sha256robust
113776541160915711802543
T:
sphincss256sha256simple
125717601278203412934122
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
127583711297660913310194
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
132855551332636213340129crossrsdpg128small
134911261349627613502951crossrsdp128small
133160971361069613820749
T:
sphincsf128sha256simple
141981571420240514212949crossrsdp192balanced
142073851421528514259196crossrsdpg256fast
148466471487906014913256
T:
luov863256
163682811639178116407160crossrsdp256fast
163296501684523317378790
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
167226651704719917327127
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
171313301714509417219343crossrsdpg256balanced
180119361817078818445675
T:
sphincss192sha256robust
187125951872406318808955crossrsdpg192small
205046082088036121184629
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
212093552122794921278212crossrsdp192small
218176052207273622373686
T:
sphincsf192sha256simple
220085542224306222566100
T:
sphincsf256sha256simple
226899862309717623642976
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
234470532349872623552156aimer192f
248860142490408924929551crossrsdp256balanced
266513002691631427268570
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
273737072791761028220365
T:
sphincsf128sha256robust
295467332993464230434573
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
297811432994906930110642crossrsdpg256small
315883603216849432593416
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
324199993273599433175269
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
331085093353231933902128
T:
sphincss256sha256robust
337111533414546334576823
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
347466313475869934775611mqom2cat1gf16fastr5
370853973711011437127596mqom2cat1gf16fastr3
394348873945926339806413crossrsdp256small
397971594049600141052448
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
433791704344708043628280mqom2cat1gf256fastr5
451202384552616046071372
T:
sphincsf192sha256robust
460768184653577246923530
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
479568514797743648002032mqom2cat1gf256fastr3
493511404969979750382310
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
509567745099730951064390aimer256f
522592895312399353598562
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
546700055470753455045587
T:
luov890351
592008035932551459800378
T:
luov4849242
638452906440995865313077
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
649962756579981866604061
T:
sphincsf256sha256robust
649506916590091866602028
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
694836146953556469678462mqom2cat1gf2fastr5
701442897018040770212836mqom2cat1gf2fastr3
779257477795672777984063aimer128s
835920038439511385118722
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
875689818768101187795513
T:
luov8117404
891445879006740690858768
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
928906149391092495041952
T:
mqdss48
103685100103910215103975441mqom2cat3gf16fastr5
107829244107855595107914335mqom2cat1gf16shortr5
114366592114419222114532019mqom2cat3gf16fastr3
114692674114730871114810771mqom2cat1gf16shortr3
125543811125751888125850041mqom2cat3gf256fastr5
128682965128762796128899315mqom2cat1gf256shortr5
148565695149066057149137216mqom2cat3gf256fastr3
149168709149237100149316272mqom2cat1gf256shortr3
151900130153765991158378957
T:
luov6468330
185278689185334569185391173mqom2cat1gf2shortr3
190122385190176187190227094mqom2cat1gf2shortr5
194775321195308142196289946aimer192s
245300497245498797245915196mqom2cat5gf16fastr5
264684646264872793265174117mqom2cat5gf16fastr3
262765203265873600268430646
T:
luov8086399
270289350270616612271028011mqom2cat3gf2fastr3
271395386271446203271519946mqom2cat3gf2fastr5
285556392286000535286208519mqom2cat5gf256fastr5
311373372311680802312071256mqom2cat5gf256fastr3
318275561321900412326361967
T:
mqdss64
359913821361577749361949001
T:
picnic2l1fs
388940610389086884389153379mqom2cat3gf16shortr5
416516000416790142417561555aimer256s
446441144446769327446923632mqom2cat3gf16shortr3
473588716473977032474261217mqom2cat3gf256shortr5
586466660589144792589641475mqom2cat3gf256shortr3
701206465701651362702053102mqom2cat3gf2shortr5
760741921760919324761252744mqom2cat5gf16shortr5
767580737771755010772630846mqom2cat5gf256shortr5
797987026808564256815801158
T:
picnic2l3fs
811113767811301932811609332mqom2cat3gf2shortr3
828672952831736716832737573mqom2cat5gf2fastr5
834028120834254695834699685mqom2cat5gf16shortr3
861653127862363037863764355mqom2cat5gf2fastr3
105574778510567160191059299704mqom2cat5gf256shortr3
127462947312753672571275802215mqom2cat5gf2shortr5
129262581612970694491300059688mqom2cat5gf2shortr3
140575291714094540751422571505
T:
picnic2l5fs