Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Skylake (506e3); 2015 Intel Core i3-6100; 2 x 3700MHz; skydell, supercop-20260831
[Page version: 20260922 09:00:20]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 57162 | 58039 | 59043 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 70807 | 71266 | 72211 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 97489 | 98052 | 98852 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 104554 | 105417 | 106352 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 120317 | 121102 | 122125 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 178599 | 179971 | 181378 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 455332 | 457179 | 458774 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 528524 | 531814 | 534498 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 611113 | 614063 | 616915 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 1026232 | 1028212 | 1032072 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1039073 | 1043960 | 1048419 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1311015 | 1314576 | 1318268 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1529793 | 1535804 | 1540492 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1694968 | 1696377 | 1703891 | T: C:3hfe |
| 2449089 | 2454056 | 2473302 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3321110 | 3338251 | 3465797 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3479282 | 3504836 | 3620056 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 4213572? | 4222931? | 5539141? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3841229? | 4583298? | 5411475? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 5831432 | 5848879 | 6211015 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 5816462? | 5954814? | 8693462? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7153288 | 7171546 | 7191187 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7924785 | 7968105 | 8154109 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9368421 | 9383341 | 9434109 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 9628049 | 9664880 | 9782261 | T: lotus128 |
| 10578479? | 10636997? | 13236830? | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 11460999 | 11518706 | 12621872 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 12001527 | 12008497 | 12016729 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 12773321 | 12791056 | 12852751 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 15966716 | 16118072 | 19906674 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 18581774 | 18761104 | 19254602 | T: lotus192 |
| 19700787 | 19938818 | 21669091 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 20441896 | 20482251 | 22591683 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 20700065 | 20779634 | 20852623 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 27853871 | 28521669 | 28946383 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 30117668 | 31073262 | 33026555 | T: C:mceliece |
| 31644912 | 31700282 | 31768266 | T: lotus256 |
| 32431281 | 32471473 | 32915551 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 32242593 | 33412368 | 35257858 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 36793325 | 37275139 | 37729995 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 47084750 | 47705348 | 47860375 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 34776791? | 51093364? | 78269000? | T: ronald1024 |
| 52321725 | 52785672 | 53738424 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 61943904 | 62157136 | 63293023 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 70595047 | 70837918 | 71363338 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 77686137 | 77804336 | 77926657 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 83857211 | 85236082 | 85492858 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 95720369 | 96129834 | 96633614 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 97188479 | 97429925 | 97841361 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 60197226? | 100413461? | 175190389? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 60694306? | 104897722? | 155584617? | T: rsa2048 |
| 107648407 | 107864281 | 108068884 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 159272868 | 160000379 | 161075644 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 158457849? | 233418395? | 356188111? | T: ronald1536 |
| 322085148? | 482697036? | 704466694? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1021018394? | 1518767662? | 2341012998? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3140852017 | 3210396542 | 3325024872 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2795480561? | 4312864959? | 6374502497? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 3996 | 4029 | 4067 | T: C:3hfe |
| 21289 | 21964 | 22891 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 21503 | 22008 | 22971 | T: rsa2048 |
| 36761 | 37337 | 37998 | T: ronald1024 |
| 42059 | 42312 | 42546 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 46720 | 47320 | 48237 | T: ronald1536 |
| 47624 | 47851 | 48146 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 51877 | 52529 | 53183 | T: C:mceliece |
| 60344 | 61475 | 63131 | T: ronald2048 |
| 68607 | 68966 | 69417 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 88117 | 88520 | 88912 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 94695 | 95932 | 97104 | T: ronald3072 |
| 106155 | 106716 | 107365 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 106378 | 106819 | 107453 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 142142 | 143244 | 144155 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 142694 | 144723 | 147380 | T: ronald4096 |
| 153420 | 153796 | 154355 | T: lotus128 |
| 188309 | 189024 | 189980 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 193003 | 193776 | 194699 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 218538 | 221278 | 222937 | T: lotus192 |
| 239975 | 241001 | 242472 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 299678 | 301264 | 308024 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 308166 | 309440 | 311169 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 312089 | 316257 | 321348 | T: lotus256 |
| 393097 | 400390 | 412251 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 492951 | 495887 | 496959 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 583826 | 585462 | 586478 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 597582 | 598575 | 599513 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 608718 | 612770 | 625057 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 625364 | 625934 | 626673 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 668723 | 670201 | 677823 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 694660 | 696711 | 698558 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 738459 | 739612 | 741423 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 748307 | 750432 | 755244 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 753571 | 754517 | 755271 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 827816 | 828663 | 829420 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 901694 | 902396 | 904909 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 935180 | 938537 | 944208 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1053722 | 1053965 | 1054469 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1102670 | 1104162 | 1105392 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1122112 | 1124010 | 1125553 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1222644 | 1227540 | 1228804 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1374380 | 1375264 | 1376683 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1413443 | 1416426 | 1419145 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1429909 | 1431750 | 1433907 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1444809 | 1446247 | 1448836 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1615067 | 1618776 | 1625258 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1804133 | 1808742 | 1812132 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1912721 | 1914917 | 1930618 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 2269214 | 2270410 | 2272121 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2366014 | 2367179 | 2371617 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2463783 | 2465600 | 2466605 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2642296 | 2643502 | 2649970 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2636385 | 2644697 | 2689077 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 2936674 | 2938495 | 2951799 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3269626 | 3275915 | 3289693 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 3369996 | 3375045 | 3377453 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17638622 | 17648734 | 17659065 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 45509 | 45762 | 46135 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 51209 | 51341 | 51651 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 75314 | 75584 | 76186 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 101898 | 102150 | 102865 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 106100 | 106317 | 118640 | T: C:3hfe |
| 106719 | 107562 | 109808 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 136961 | 137775 | 139577 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 167187 | 168747 | 173220 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 177851 | 178409 | 178986 | T: lotus128 |
| 227919 | 230936 | 237014 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 236696 | 238027 | 241777 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 262967 | 265238 | 266037 | T: lotus192 |
| 302547 | 305440 | 309559 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 386498 | 389236 | 392725 | T: lotus256 |
| 430240 | 431958 | 435276 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 749992 | 750710 | 751546 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 847161 | 856198 | 864615 | T: C:mceliece |
| 912807 | 915837 | 919655 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 912982 | 924344 | 934707 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1195762 | 1201110 | 1207131 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1227761 | 1238590 | 1247553 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1470558 | 1475702 | 1480189 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1516980 | 1523606 | 1530197 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1756194 | 1759422 | 1763940 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1778794 | 1785106 | 1790425 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1792666 | 1800162 | 1808094 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1811689 | 1815459 | 1832095 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2089291 | 2091317 | 2233961 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2091917 | 2092526 | 2093170 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2086716 | 2095164 | 2108594 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2135753 | 2140504 | 2146030 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2153651 | 2156784 | 2168663 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2249575 | 2260933 | 2306159 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2261296 | 2264922 | 2279757 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 2360274 | 2375753 | 2391633 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2595325 | 2596783 | 2626607 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 2794611 | 2798599 | 2800311 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2992757 | 2997237 | 3082848 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3126068 | 3157581 | 3209049 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 3172616 | 3175351 | 3178995 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 3469885 | 3502786 | 3555814 | T: ronald2048 |
| 3768655 | 3773557 | 3779395 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 5824380 | 5840117 | 5855915 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 6491917 | 6505053 | 6527321 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 6547753 | 6570972 | 6591606 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7665972 | 7679707 | 7706988 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 8674365 | 8713540 | 8737966 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9392689 | 9406993 | 9439353 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9400385 | 9407697 | 9420120 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 10533330 | 10548906 | 10563901 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 13034036 | 13069560 | 13141828 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 14077876 | 14090661 | 14101777 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 16363094 | 16383974 | 16399415 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 17757693 | 17817079 | 18359061 | T: ronald4096 |
| 18579991 | 18617964 | 18848748 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 19404606 | 19474044 | 19598270 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 20031239 | 20080074 | 20192756 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 107503980 | 107529981 | 107558162 | T: pqrsa15 |
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