Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Zen 3 (a50f00); 2021 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G; 6 x 3900MHz; cezanne, supercop-20260627
[Page version: 20260705 12:59:44]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 46492 | 47395 | 48514 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 64811 | 66174 | 69722 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 88920 | 90009 | 91950 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 91451 | 92588 | 94020 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 108094 | 109087 | 111373 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 152964 | 154502 | 159333 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 330367 | 332956 | 335408 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 393257 | 397101 | 401900 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 404595 | 406721 | 473893 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 649457 | 653567 | 658074 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 938304 | 941653 | 947115 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 979463 | 984138 | 989385 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1282618 | 1289967 | 1298147 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2580788 | 2601108 | 2632643 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2979407 | 2995556 | 3103116 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3056579 | 3071370 | 3240295 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3898016? | 3938675? | 5221292? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4026630? | 5082530? | 7099626? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 5085506 | 5116459 | 5672635 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 6594402? | 7270297? | 10489184? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7706300 | 7735508 | 7771369 | T: lotus128 |
| 7695589 | 7761765 | 7788654 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7798100 | 7807981 | 8008424 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9201922 | 9269896 | 9939430 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 10047206 | 10122464 | 11748929 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 11205605 | 11248795 | 11321606 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 10918421 | 11292562 | 12801390 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 12137925 | 12159690 | 12223845 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 15482632? | 15599637? | 21134989? | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 15742828 | 16025922 | 17925580 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 16120555 | 16179318 | 16236452 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 16934737 | 16954362 | 17082490 | T: lotus192 |
| 18053417? | 18342111? | 22755145? | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 22980193 | 23025386 | 23082318 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 23879540 | 24093590 | 24432022 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 24723985 | 24744876 | 24936958 | T: lotus256 |
| 26660604 | 27454437 | 28635262 | T: C:mceliece |
| 27792676 | 29851579 | 33243380 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 30698694 | 30898293 | 31297423 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 39290291 | 39364643 | 39450348 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 43991740 | 44432157 | 44841910 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 31736393? | 46287554? | 69129972? | T: ronald1024 |
| 51056414 | 51153021 | 51268248 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 57228545 | 57453147 | 57844543 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 68235144 | 68311453 | 68443834 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 68655925 | 68768947 | 68874574 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 77590794 | 77988460 | 78589340 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 83135638 | 83549858 | 84099307 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 53526145? | 90825536? | 158002395? | T: rsa2048 |
| 91063392 | 91515761 | 91759877 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 63029951? | 105988679? | 158403951? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 134127092 | 134661112 | 135803394 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 201015209? | 261150945? | 354242428? | T: ronald1536 |
| 290084013? | 419814504? | 622578052? | T: ronald2048 |
| 957398928? | 1562242616? | 2329522178? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2771767293 | 2823895931 | 2877900065 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2595446016? | 3856473778? | 6229681533? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 16116 | 16393 | 17160 | T: rsa2048 |
| 16295 | 16637 | 17506 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 29326 | 29847 | 31099 | T: ronald1024 |
| 33418 | 33620 | 34019 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 37722 | 38067 | 38397 | T: C:mceliece |
| 37902 | 38362 | 40410 | T: ronald1536 |
| 40634 | 40901 | 41134 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 49711 | 50598 | 52637 | T: ronald2048 |
| 57636 | 57890 | 58141 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 72739 | 73085 | 73569 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 82601 | 84592 | 86362 | T: ronald3072 |
| 84839 | 85621 | 86323 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 93603 | 94390 | 95093 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 118754 | 119653 | 121336 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 119483 | 119978 | 120822 | T: lotus128 |
| 126773 | 128563 | 130420 | T: ronald4096 |
| 150676 | 151477 | 152865 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 164132 | 164636 | 165169 | T: lotus192 |
| 165348 | 166360 | 167482 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 202191 | 203170 | 204602 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 233022 | 233413 | 233900 | T: lotus256 |
| 249860 | 250991 | 252685 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 256725 | 257413 | 258333 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 343651 | 345713 | 347146 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 425733 | 426742 | 427917 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 500370 | 501510 | 502719 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 522475 | 523794 | 525108 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 527567 | 529621 | 531361 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 577169 | 587979 | 692516 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 609177 | 610656 | 612056 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 644132 | 645445 | 647117 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 708376 | 721544 | 793542 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 789876 | 793160 | 801920 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 799615 | 801366 | 803260 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 827749 | 829435 | 866966 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 855433 | 859776 | 869038 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 921688 | 924234 | 929261 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 956463 | 959561 | 963248 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 961740 | 968384 | 997385 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1086181 | 1088472 | 1091420 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1267240 | 1272229 | 1276612 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1306448 | 1308347 | 1310164 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1348602 | 1351786 | 1354093 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1384895 | 1387433 | 1390516 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1482866 | 1484726 | 1487441 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1505562 | 1568716 | 1788555 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1650286 | 1659508 | 1664423 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1839499 | 1849952 | 1926381 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 1842520 | 1855121 | 1866419 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1986819 | 1997381 | 2003624 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2098518 | 2108176 | 2125953 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2222252 | 2227798 | 2235879 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2461302 | 2471798 | 2480588 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2923912 | 2933051 | 2939387 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 2978754 | 2995350 | 3020550 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 2995962 | 3005938 | 3019234 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 14282723 | 14302475 | 14340099 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 36978 | 37298 | 38078 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 43938 | 44128 | 44225 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 63418 | 63744 | 64033 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 82580 | 82644 | 82849 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 87921 | 88265 | 89165 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 110485 | 114234 | 115611 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 126861 | 127494 | 128002 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 135174 | 135626 | 135887 | T: lotus128 |
| 159769 | 160712 | 162420 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 174575 | 175334 | 176919 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 193782 | 194386 | 194786 | T: lotus192 |
| 220321 | 221365 | 225321 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 277675 | 278376 | 278925 | T: lotus256 |
| 282746 | 284221 | 293557 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 621130 | 626513 | 645549 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 634059 | 639121 | 649416 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 731370 | 739905 | 747211 | T: ronald1024 |
| 810008 | 813153 | 822388 | T: C:mceliece |
| 880080 | 886301 | 900288 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 888961 | 907057 | 924194 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1087446 | 1098913 | 1113845 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1128842 | 1142006 | 1156670 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1320868 | 1331498 | 1349644 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1355410 | 1375664 | 1395942 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1406827 | 1414629 | 1430661 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1504860 | 1509948 | 1516329 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1621699 | 1623681 | 1635115 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 1637361 | 1646896 | 1670617 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1685657 | 1699355 | 1726414 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1837612 | 1845733 | 1868904 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1932470 | 1934215 | 1935863 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 1930735 | 1934430 | 1937143 | T: rsa2048 |
| 1957256 | 1990268 | 1992583 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 1983917 | 1994616 | 1996489 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2024071 | 2036430 | 2049769 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2119178 | 2123643 | 2140089 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2305682 | 2314624 | 2351538 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 2449986 | 2456973 | 2468389 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2484433 | 2505424 | 2538049 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 2719257 | 2725819 | 2748420 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3146064 | 3168039 | 3186077 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4535825 | 4557870 | 4566405 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 4886953 | 4906109 | 4942565 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 5399307 | 5428278 | 5458606 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 5865829 | 5887652 | 5907593 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 6749693 | 6755426 | 6771065 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 7368912 | 7385215 | 7390362 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 8402968 | 8428154 | 8459502 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9200652 | 9207115 | 9212395 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 9638094 | 9692689 | 9701079 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 10102606 | 10143470 | 10161510 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 11552325 | 11558187 | 11584338 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 13335504 | 13342434 | 13479635 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 13389178 | 13396276 | 13461710 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 13911962 | 13969551 | 14514135 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17766443 | 17798182 | 17827135 | T: ronald4096 |
| 106048262 | 106144005 | 106269779 | T: pqrsa15 |
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