Implementation notes: x86, gpu, crypto_sign/rainbowbinary256181212

Computer: gpu
Architecture: x86
CPU ID: GenuineIntel-000206d7-bfebfbff
SUPERCOP version: 20190816
Operation: crypto_sign
Primitive: rainbowbinary256181212
TimeObject sizeTest sizeImplementationCompilerBenchmark dateSUPERCOP version
19922736477 56 822879999 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7-avx_-O_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
19936536477 56 822879999 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core-avx-i_-O_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
19987836477 56 822879999 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=native_-mtune=native_-O_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
20346336502 56 822880003 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4_-O_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
20350236623 56 822880131 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7_-O_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
20369436502 56 822880003 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4.1_-O_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
20400936659 56 822880159 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-O_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
22461639139 56 822886063 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core-avx-i_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
22537239139 56 822886063 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7-avx_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
22629339139 56 822886063 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=native_-mtune=native_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
22801840141 56 822886707 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4.1_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
22809040298 56 822886931 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
22824340141 56 822886771 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
22861840195 56 822886835 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
23117737087 56 822881015 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=native_-mtune=native_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
23122237087 56 822881015 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core-avx-i_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
23128537087 56 822881015 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7-avx_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
23376637364 56 822881335 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
23480137231 56 822881207 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4.1_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
23500537316 56 822881271 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
23512237231 56 822881207 504 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
37644034515 56 822877190 500 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7-avx_-Os_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
37649734515 56 822877190 500 9856refg++_-m32_-march=native_-mtune=native_-Os_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
37667134515 56 822877190 500 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core-avx-i_-Os_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
37747833164 56 822875846 500 9856refg++_-m32_-march=corei7_-Os_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
37812633122 56 822875782 500 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4.1_-Os_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
37823133122 56 822875782 500 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-msse4_-Os_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816
37824933086 56 822875806 500 9856refg++_-m32_-march=core2_-Os_-fomit-frame-pointer2019091820190816

Test failure

Implementation: ref
Security model: unknown
Compiler: g++ -m32 -march=core-avx2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
error 111
Number of similar (compiler,implementation) pairs: 3, namely:
CompilerImplementations
g++ -m32 -march=core-avx2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=core-avx2 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=core-avx2 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref

Compiler output

Implementation: ref
Security model: unknown
Compiler: g++ -m32 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:181:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf16.h: In function '__m128i multable(unsigned char)':
rainbow-test.cpp: gf16.h:297:33: warning: SSE vector return without SSE enabled changes the ABI [-Wpsabi]
rainbow-test.cpp: __m128i multable(unsigned char v){return GFV16Mul[v];}
rainbow-test.cpp: ^
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/emmintrin.h: In function 'void __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/emmintrin.h:602:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_set_epi32(int, int, int, int)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32 (int __q3, int __q2, int __q1, int __q0)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:355:15: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32(0x050b0a04,0x08060709,0x0c02030d,0x010f0e00)};
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/emmintrin.h:602:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_set_epi32(int, int, int, int)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32 (int __q3, int __q2, int __q1, int __q0)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:354:15: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: ...
Number of similar (compiler,implementation) pairs: 44, namely:
CompilerImplementations
g++ -m32 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=athlon -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=athlon -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=athlon -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=athlon -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i386 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i386 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i386 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i386 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i486 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i486 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i486 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=i486 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-2 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-2 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-2 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-3 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-3 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-3 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6-3 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k6 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-mmx -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-mmx -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-mmx -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-mmx -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium2 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium2 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium2 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentiumpro -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentiumpro -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentiumpro -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentiumpro -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref

Compiler output

Implementation: ref
Security model: unknown
Compiler: g++ -m32 -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf16.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from gf.h:181,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h: In function 'const gfv_unit<p> _mul(const gfv_unit<p>&, const gf<p>&) [with unsigned int p = 256]':
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h:136:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_shuffle_epi8(__m128i, __m128i)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_shuffle_epi8 (__m128i __X, __m128i __Y)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:364:22: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: return _mm_xor_si128( _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable(b.v), _mm_and_si128(a.v,_mask_low))
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: , _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable_h(b.v), _mm_and_si128( _mm_srli_epi16(a.v,4) ,_mask_low) ) );
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf16.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from gf.h:181,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h:136:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_shuffle_epi8(__m128i, __m128i)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_shuffle_epi8 (__m128i __X, __m128i __Y)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:364:22: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: return _mm_xor_si128( _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable(b.v), _mm_and_si128(a.v,_mask_low))
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: ...
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf16.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from gf.h:181,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h: In function 'const gfv_unit<p> _mul(const gfv_unit<p>&, const gf<p>&) [with unsigned int p = 256]':
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h:136:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_shuffle_epi8(__m128i, __m128i)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_shuffle_epi8 (__m128i __X, __m128i __Y)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:364:22: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: return _mm_xor_si128( _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable(b.v), _mm_and_si128(a.v,_mask_low))
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: , _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable_h(b.v), _mm_and_si128( _mm_srli_epi16(a.v,4) ,_mask_low) ) );
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf16.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from gf.h:181,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h:136:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_shuffle_epi8(__m128i, __m128i)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_shuffle_epi8 (__m128i __X, __m128i __Y)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:364:22: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: return _mm_xor_si128( _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable(b.v), _mm_and_si128(a.v,_mask_low))
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: ...
Number of similar (compiler,implementation) pairs: 4, namely:
CompilerImplementations
g++ -m32 -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref

Compiler output

Implementation: ref
Security model: unknown
Compiler: g++ -m32 -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf16.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from gf.h:181,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h: In function 'const gfv_unit<p> _mul(const gfv_unit<p>&, const gf<p>&) [with unsigned int p = 256]':
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h:136:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_shuffle_epi8(__m128i, __m128i)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_shuffle_epi8 (__m128i __X, __m128i __Y)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:364:22: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: return _mm_xor_si128( _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable(b.v), _mm_and_si128(a.v,_mask_low))
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: , _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable_h(b.v), _mm_and_si128( _mm_srli_epi16(a.v,4) ,_mask_low) ) );
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf16.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from gf.h:181,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/tmmintrin.h:136:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_shuffle_epi8(__m128i, __m128i)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_shuffle_epi8 (__m128i __X, __m128i __Y)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:364:22: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: return _mm_xor_si128( _mm_shuffle_epi8(multable(b.v), _mm_and_si128(a.v,_mask_low))
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: ...
Number of similar (compiler,implementation) pairs: 20, namely:
CompilerImplementations
g++ -m32 -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-m -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-m -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-m -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium-m -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium4 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium4 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium4 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium4 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=prescott -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=prescott -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=prescott -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=prescott -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref

Compiler output

Implementation: ref
Security model: unknown
Compiler: g++ -m32 -march=pentium3 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/emmintrin.h: In function 'void __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/emmintrin.h:602:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_set_epi32(int, int, int, int)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32 (int __q3, int __q2, int __q1, int __q0)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:355:15: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32(0x050b0a04,0x08060709,0x0c02030d,0x010f0e00)};
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/emmintrin.h:602:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_set_epi32(int, int, int, int)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32 (int __q3, int __q2, int __q1, int __q0)
rainbow-test.cpp: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:182:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: gf256.h:354:15: note: called from here
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32(0xf5ebdac4,0xb8a69789,0x7c62534d,0x312f1e00),
rainbow-test.cpp: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
rainbow-test.cpp: In file included from gf.h:4:0,
rainbow-test.cpp: from rainbow-test.cpp:1:
rainbow-test.cpp: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include/emmintrin.h:602:1: error: inlining failed in call to always_inline '__m128i _mm_set_epi32(int, int, int, int)': target specific option mismatch
rainbow-test.cpp: _mm_set_epi32 (int __q3, int __q2, int __q1, int __q0)
rainbow-test.cpp: ...
Number of similar (compiler,implementation) pairs: 4, namely:
CompilerImplementations
g++ -m32 -march=pentium3 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium3 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium3 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
g++ -m32 -march=pentium3 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref