Implementation notes: amd64, genji291, crypto_kem/saber

Computer: genji291
Architecture: amd64
CPU ID: GenuineIntel-00050671-bfebfbff
SUPERCOP version: 20180818
Operation: crypto_kem
Primitive: saber
TimeObject sizeTest sizeImplementationCompilerBenchmark dateSUPERCOP version
1618890? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xCORE-AVX2_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
1765806? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xMIC-AVX512_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
1818656? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xMIC-AVX512_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
1892968? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xCOMMON-AVX512_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
1936242? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xCOMMON-AVX512_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2086980? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xSSE4.1_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2126488? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xCORE-AVX2_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2138808? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xSSE4.2_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2164708? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xSSE4.2_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2219140? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xSSE4.1_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2354674? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xCORE-AVX2_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2431618? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xSSE4.1_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2436798? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xSSE4.2_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2471126? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xSSE4.2_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2472078? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xCORE-AVX2_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2505006? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xSSE4.1_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2645916? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xCORE-AVX-I_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2666104? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xAVX_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2706046? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xCORE-AVX-I_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2707880? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-xAVX_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2831430? ? ?? ? ?portableicc2018082120180818
2943318? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xMIC-AVX512_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
2974062? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xMIC-AVX512_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
3017280? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xCORE-AVX-I_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
3053428? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xAVX_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
3116666? ? ?? ? ?reficc2018082120180818
3121762? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xCOMMON-AVX512_-O2_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
3128496? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xCORE-AVX-I_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
3170384? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xCOMMON-AVX512_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
3170664? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-xAVX_-O3_-fomit-frame-pointer2018082120180818
8548078? ? ?? ? ?portableicc_-no-vec2018082120180818
12231338? ? ?? ? ?reficc_-no-vec2018082120180818

Compiler output

Implementation: portable
Security model: unknown
Compiler: cc
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/knownrandombytes.o: In function `randombytes':
try.c: knownrandombytes.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `_intel_fast_memcpy'
try.c: knownrandombytes.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `_intel_fast_memset'
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/libsupercop.a(crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2-api.o): In function `crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2':
try.c: api.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `__intel_mic_avx512f_memset'
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/libsupercop.a(crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2-chacha.o): In function `crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2_ECRYPT_keystream_bytes':
try.c: chacha.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `__intel_mic_avx512f_memset'
try.c: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Number of similar (compiler,implementation) pairs: 214, namely:
CompilerImplementations
cc portable
gcc portable
gcc -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops portable
gcc -funroll-loops -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv portable
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv portable
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -O -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv portable
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv portable
gcc -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
cc ref
gcc ref
gcc -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -fno-schedule-insns -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops ref
gcc -funroll-loops -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -fno-schedule-insns -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -m64 -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -funroll-loops -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx-i -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core-avx2 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4.1 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=core2 -msse4 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7-avx -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=corei7 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=native -mtune=native -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=k8 -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=k8 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=k8 -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=k8 -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv ref
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv ref
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -O -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv ref
gcc -march=native -mtune=native -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -fwrapv ref
gcc -march=nocona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=nocona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=nocona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -march=nocona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref

Compiler output

Implementation: portable
Security model: unknown
Compiler: gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/knownrandombytes.o: In function `randombytes':
try.c: knownrandombytes.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `_intel_fast_memcpy'
try.c: knownrandombytes.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `_intel_fast_memset'
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/libsupercop.a(crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2-api.o): In function `crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2':
try.c: api.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `__intel_mic_avx512f_memset'
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/libsupercop.a(crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2-chacha.o): In function `crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2_ECRYPT_keystream_bytes':
try.c: chacha.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `__intel_mic_avx512f_memset'
try.c: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/knownrandombytes.o: In function `randombytes':
try.c: knownrandombytes.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `_intel_fast_memcpy'
try.c: knownrandombytes.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `_intel_fast_memset'
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/libsupercop.a(crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2-api.o): In function `crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2':
try.c: api.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `__intel_mic_avx512f_memset'
try.c: /scratch_lustre_DDN7k/bdolbeaur/supercop-20180818/supercop-data/genji291/amd64/lib/libsupercop.a(crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2-chacha.o): In function `crypto_stream_chacha20_dolbeau_amd64_avx2_ECRYPT_keystream_bytes':
try.c: chacha.c:(.text+0x...): undefined reference to `__intel_mic_avx512f_memset'
try.c: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Number of similar (compiler,implementation) pairs: 8, namely:
CompilerImplementations
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer portable
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -O -fomit-frame-pointer ref
gcc -m64 -march=barcelona -Os -fomit-frame-pointer ref